CN206321642U - The experimental provision of soil function is measured under a kind of evaporation conditionses - Google Patents
The experimental provision of soil function is measured under a kind of evaporation conditionses Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种蒸发条件下测量土壤性能的实验装置，包括上部框架、下部框架、土柱桶、上位机、设置于上部框架内的风速传感器、气压传感器、湿度传感器、温度传感器、总辐射传感器及日光灯、以及用于提供电能的电源模块；上部框架位于下部框架的上部，上部框架的侧面设有风扇，土柱桶内填充有土壤，土壤的上端伸出到土柱桶外，土柱桶的下端固定于下部框架内，土柱桶的上端穿出下部框架后插入于上部框架内，该装置能够降低外界干扰因素对试验结果的影响。
The utility model discloses an experimental device for measuring soil properties under evaporation conditions, which comprises an upper frame, a lower frame, a soil column bucket, a host computer, a wind speed sensor, an air pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a total Radiation sensors, fluorescent lamps, and power supply modules for providing electric energy; the upper frame is located on the upper part of the lower frame, and a fan is provided on the side of the upper frame, and the soil column bucket is filled with soil, and the upper end of the soil protrudes out of the soil column bucket. The lower end of the column barrel is fixed in the lower frame, and the upper end of the soil column barrel passes through the lower frame and is inserted into the upper frame. This device can reduce the influence of external interference factors on the test results.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种测量土壤性能的试验装置，具体涉及一种蒸发条件下测量土壤性能的实验装置。The utility model relates to an experimental device for measuring soil properties, in particular to an experimental device for measuring soil properties under evaporation conditions.
背景技术Background technique
土壤水分蒸发入渗是自然界水循环最常见的一种方式，但土壤中水分不断的蒸发与入渗会被对土体结构和强度产生影响，在岩土工程中，土作为一种最常见的建筑材料，其结构特性与强度关系着建筑物的稳定与安全，尤其是某些地区的含盐土，在蒸发条件下，水分的迁移会带动盐分的迁移更会对土体结构强度造成严重破坏，因此为了研究与预防自然环境下蒸发引起水盐迁移对土体结构及强度产生的破坏，需要对土体进行室内模拟试验，监测各项数据定量分析土壤水盐迁移活动对土体结构及强度的影响，这就产生了这种蒸发条件下土壤水盐迁移及蒸发量检测的实验装置。Evaporation and infiltration of soil water is the most common way of water cycle in nature, but the continuous evaporation and infiltration of water in the soil will have an impact on the structure and strength of the soil. In geotechnical engineering, soil is the most common construction The structural characteristics and strength of materials are related to the stability and safety of buildings, especially in saline soils in some areas. Under evaporation conditions, the migration of water will drive the migration of salt and cause serious damage to the structural strength of the soil. Therefore In order to study and prevent the damage to the soil structure and strength caused by evaporation caused by water and salt migration in the natural environment, it is necessary to conduct indoor simulation tests on the soil, monitor various data and quantitatively analyze the impact of soil water and salt migration on the soil structure and strength , which resulted in the experimental device for the migration of soil water and salt and the detection of evaporation under this evaporation condition.
目前土工试验所用该类装置均大同小异，主要是将试验土柱放在封闭的环境箱内，环境箱内有模拟自然环境的红外灯、风扇等，在土柱上插上水分传感器监测水分盐分变化或者通过将土柱分段切割测量每段水盐含量，这些装置都有如下弊端：现有装置在一个封闭环境箱内试验，土壤全部暴露到外界，外界干扰因素对实验结果影响较大，因此不能准确的测量出土壤的蒸发量及水盐迁移情况。At present, such devices used in geotechnical tests are similar. The main method is to place the test soil column in a closed environment box. The environment box has infrared lights and fans that simulate the natural environment, and a moisture sensor is inserted on the soil column to monitor changes in moisture and salinity. Or measure the water and salt content of each section by cutting the soil column in sections. These devices have the following disadvantages: the existing devices are tested in a closed environment chamber, and the soil is all exposed to the outside world. External interference factors have a greater impact on the experimental results, so Can not accurately measure the soil evaporation and water and salt migration.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种蒸发条件下测量土壤性能的实验装置，该装置能够降低外界干扰因素对试验结果的影响。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provide an experimental device for measuring soil properties under evaporation conditions, which can reduce the influence of external interference factors on the test results.
为达到上述目的，本实用新型所述的蒸发条件下测量土壤性能的实验装置包括上部框架、下部框架、土柱桶、上位机、设置于上部框架内的风速传感器、气压传感器、湿度传感器、温度传感器、总辐射传感器及日光灯、以及用于提供电能的电源模块；In order to achieve the above object, the experimental device for measuring soil performance under evaporation conditions described in the utility model includes an upper frame, a lower frame, a soil column barrel, a host computer, an wind speed sensor, an air pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a wind sensor arranged in the upper frame. Sensors, total radiation sensors and fluorescent lamps, and power modules for providing electrical energy;
上部框架位于下部框架的上部，上部框架的侧面设有风扇，土柱桶内填充有土壤，土壤的上端伸出到土柱桶外，土柱桶的下端固定于下部框架内，土柱桶的上端穿出下部框架后插入于上部框架内，气压传感器、温度传感器及湿度传感器均位于土壤上端的侧面，风扇的控制端及日光灯的控制端均与上位机的输出端相连接，上位机的输入端与总辐射传感器的输出端、风速传感器的输出端、气压传感器的输出端、温度传感器的输出端及湿度传感器的输出端相连接。The upper frame is located on the upper part of the lower frame, the side of the upper frame is provided with a fan, the soil column bucket is filled with soil, the upper end of the soil protrudes out of the soil column bucket, the lower end of the soil column bucket is fixed in the lower frame, and the soil column bucket The upper end passes through the lower frame and is inserted into the upper frame. The air pressure sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are located on the side of the upper end of the soil. The control end of the fan and the control end of the fluorescent lamp are connected with the output end of the upper computer, and the input of the upper computer The terminal is connected with the output terminal of the total radiation sensor, the output terminal of the wind speed sensor, the output terminal of the air pressure sensor, the output terminal of the temperature sensor and the output terminal of the humidity sensor.
土柱桶下部设置有水室及多孔板，其中，水室及多孔板固定于下部框架内，土柱桶、多孔板及水室自上到下依次分布。The lower part of the soil column bucket is provided with a water chamber and a porous plate, wherein the water chamber and the porous plate are fixed in the lower frame, and the soil column bucket, the porous plate and the water chamber are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
还包括供水盒、供水马氏瓶及供水阀门，其中，供水马氏瓶与供水盒相连通，供水盒的出口通过供水阀门与水室的入口相连通。It also includes a water supply box, a water supply Martens jar and a water supply valve, wherein the water supply Martens jar is connected with the water supply box, and the outlet of the water supply box is connected with the inlet of the water chamber through the water supply valve.
日光灯固定于上部框架的顶部。The fluorescent lamp is fixed on the top of the upper frame.
风扇及风速传感器分别位于上部框架两个正对的侧面上。The fan and the wind speed sensor are respectively located on two opposite sides of the upper frame.
上部框架上设置有风速传感器的侧面上开设有若干第一透气孔，上部框架的顶部开设有第二透气孔。A plurality of first ventilation holes are opened on the side of the upper frame where the wind speed sensor is arranged, and second ventilation holes are opened on the top of the upper frame.
土柱桶分为若干节，相邻两节之间通过法兰连接。The soil column barrel is divided into several sections, and two adjacent sections are connected by flanges.
土柱桶的高度为85cm，水室的高度为5cm。The height of the soil column bucket is 85cm, and the height of the water chamber is 5cm.
上部框架内设有对比水盒。There is a contrasting water tank in the upper frame.
本实用新型具有以下有益效果：The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
本实用新型所述的蒸发条件下测量土壤性能的实验装置包括下部框架及上部框架，土柱桶内填充土壤，土壤的上端伸出到土柱桶外，土柱桶的下端位于下部框架内，土柱桶的上端位于上部框架内，气压传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、总辐射传感器及风速传感器均位于上部框架内，从而只将土壤的上部暴露于外界环境中，从而更大限度的降低外界因素对试验结果的影响。同时，上位机根据气压传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、总辐射传感器及风速传感器测量得到的信息即可计算出土壤的蒸发量，另外，环境模拟完成后，用户通过检测土壤不同高度位置的水盐含量，即可得到土壤的水盐迁移情况，操作简单，测量结果较为准确。The experimental device for measuring soil properties under evaporation conditions described in the utility model comprises a lower frame and an upper frame, the soil column bucket is filled with soil, the upper end of the soil extends out of the soil column bucket, and the lower end of the soil column bucket is located in the lower frame. The upper end of the soil column barrel is located in the upper frame, and the air pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, total radiation sensor and wind speed sensor are all located in the upper frame, so that only the upper part of the soil is exposed to the external environment, thereby reducing the external environment to a greater extent. Factors that affect the test results. At the same time, the upper computer can calculate the soil evaporation based on the information measured by the air pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, total radiation sensor and wind speed sensor. content, the water and salt migration of the soil can be obtained, the operation is simple, and the measurement results are more accurate.
进一步，在试验过程中，通过第一透气孔及第二透气孔排出上部框架内的水蒸气，避免上部框架内的水蒸气对试验结果产生影响。Further, during the test process, the water vapor in the upper frame is discharged through the first vent hole and the second vent hole, so as to prevent the water vapor in the upper frame from affecting the test results.
进一步，土柱桶分为若干节，相邻两节之间通过法兰相连接，可以拆卸掉法兰后，通过各层土壤切割测量含水率及含盐量，实现土壤水盐迁移情况的测量，测量精度高，并且节约材料。Furthermore, the soil column bucket is divided into several sections, and the adjacent two sections are connected by flanges. After the flanges can be removed, the moisture content and salt content can be measured by cutting the soil of each layer, so as to realize the measurement of soil water and salt migration. , high measurement accuracy, and save material.
进一步，水室通过供水阀门与供水盒相连通，实现土壤补水情况和不补水情况下性能的测试。Further, the water chamber is connected with the water supply box through the water supply valve, so as to realize the performance test of the soil replenishment condition and the non-replenishment condition.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型中土柱桶6的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of soil column barrel 6 in the utility model;
其中，1为日光灯、2为风扇、3为供水马氏瓶、4为供水盒、5为对比水盒、6为土柱桶、7为供水阀门、8为水室、9为多孔板。Among them, 1 is a fluorescent lamp, 2 is a fan, 3 is a water supply Martens bottle, 4 is a water supply box, 5 is a contrast water box, 6 is a soil column bucket, 7 is a water supply valve, 8 is a water chamber, and 9 is a perforated plate.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本实用新型做进一步详细描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail:
参考图1，本实用新型所述的蒸发条件下测量土壤性能的实验装置包括上部框架、下部框架、土柱桶6、上位机、设置于上部框架内的风速传感器、气压传感器、湿度传感器、温度传感器、总辐射传感器及日光灯1、以及用于提供电能的电源模块；上部框架位于下部框架的上部，上部框架的侧面设有风扇2，土柱桶6内填充有土壤，土壤的上端伸出到土柱桶6外，土柱桶6的下端固定于下部框架内，土柱桶6的上端穿出下部框架后插入于上部框架内，气压传感器、温度传感器及湿度传感器均位于土壤上端的侧面，风扇2的控制端及日光灯1的控制端均与上位机的输出端相连接，上位机的输入端与总辐射传感器的输出端、风速传感器的输出端、气压传感器的输出端、温度传感器的输出端及湿度传感器的输出端相连接。With reference to Fig. 1, the experimental device of measuring soil performance under the evaporation condition described in the utility model comprises upper frame, lower frame, soil column bucket 6, host computer, the wind speed sensor that is arranged on the upper frame, air pressure sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor, total radiation sensor and fluorescent lamp 1, and a power supply module for providing electric energy; the upper frame is positioned at the top of the lower frame, the side of the upper frame is provided with a fan 2, and the soil column bucket 6 is filled with soil, and the upper end of the soil stretches out to Outside the soil column bucket 6, the lower end of the soil column bucket 6 is fixed in the lower frame, and the upper end of the soil column bucket 6 passes through the lower frame and is inserted into the upper frame. The air pressure sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are all located on the side of the upper end of the soil. The control terminal of the fan 2 and the control terminal of the fluorescent lamp 1 are connected with the output terminal of the host computer, and the input terminal of the host computer is connected with the output terminal of the total radiation sensor, the output terminal of the wind speed sensor, the output terminal of the air pressure sensor, and the output terminal of the temperature sensor connected to the output terminal of the humidity sensor.
土柱桶6下部设置有水室8及多孔板9，其中，水室8及多孔板9固定于下部框架内，土柱桶6、多孔板9及水室8自上到下依次分布。The lower part of the soil column bucket 6 is provided with a water chamber 8 and a perforated plate 9, wherein the water chamber 8 and the perforated plate 9 are fixed in the lower frame, and the soil column bucket 6, the perforated plate 9 and the water chamber 8 are distributed sequentially from top to bottom.
本实用新型还包括供水盒4、供水马氏瓶3及供水阀门7，其中，供水马氏瓶3与供水盒4相连通，供水盒4的出口通过供水阀门7与水室8的入口相连通；日光灯1固定于上部框架的顶部；风扇2及风速传感器分别位于上部框架两个正对的侧面上；上部框架上设置有风速传感器的侧面上开设有若干第一透气孔，上部框架的顶部开设有第二透气孔。The utility model also includes a water supply box 4, a water supply Martens bottle 3 and a water supply valve 7, wherein the water supply Martens bottle 3 communicates with the water supply box 4, and the outlet of the water supply box 4 communicates with the inlet of the water chamber 8 through the water supply valve 7 ; The fluorescent lamp 1 is fixed on the top of the upper frame; the fan 2 and the wind speed sensor are respectively located on two opposite sides of the upper frame; the upper frame is provided with a number of first ventilation holes on the side of the wind speed sensor, and the top of the upper frame is opened There is a second ventilation hole.
土柱桶6分为若干节，相邻两节之间通过法兰连接；土柱桶6的高度为85cm，水室8的高度为5cm；上部框架内设有对比水盒5。The soil column bucket 6 is divided into several sections, and two adjacent sections are connected by flanges; the height of the soil column bucket 6 is 85 cm, and the height of the water chamber 8 is 5 cm; the upper frame is provided with a comparison water box 5.
上部框架的长宽高分别为80cm、80cm及70cm，下部框架的长宽高分别为80cm、80cm及80cm，温度传感器的数目、湿度传感器的数目及气压传感器的数目均为4个。The length, width, and height of the upper frame are 80cm, 80cm, and 70cm, respectively, and the length, width, and height of the lower frame are 80cm, 80cm, and 80cm, respectively. The number of temperature sensors, the number of humidity sensors, and the number of air pressure sensors are all four.
本实用新型的具体试验过程为：The concrete test process of the present utility model is:
上位机控制日光灯1及风扇2打开，风速传感器及总辐射传感器实时检测上部框架内的风速信息及总辐射信息，并将上部框架内的风速信息及总辐射信息转发至上位机中，同时气压传感器、湿度传感器及温度传感器实时检测土壤表面的气压信息、湿度信息及温度信息，并将土壤表面的气压信息、湿度信息及温度信息发送至上位机中，上位机根据上部框架内的风速信息及总辐射信息、土壤表面的气压信息、湿度信息及温度信息计算土壤的蒸发量；The upper computer controls the fluorescent lamp 1 and the fan 2 to turn on, the wind speed sensor and the total radiation sensor detect the wind speed information and the total radiation information in the upper frame in real time, and forward the wind speed information and the total radiation information in the upper frame to the upper computer. , humidity sensor and temperature sensor detect the air pressure information, humidity information and temperature information of the soil surface in real time, and send the air pressure information, humidity information and temperature information of the soil surface to the host computer. Radiation information, air pressure information on the soil surface, humidity information and temperature information to calculate soil evaporation;
Ea＝f(u)·ea·(B-A) (3)Ea＝f(u)·e a ·(BA) (3)
其中，E为蒸发量(mm/d)，τ为饱和蒸汽压-温度曲线在温度为T时的斜率(kPa/℃)，Q为土壤表面的等效净辐射量(mm/d)，Q＝QT/L，QT为土壤表面的净辐射量(MJ/m2·d)，L为水的气化潜热，例如，水在一个大气压(0.1MPa)、温度为100℃时的汽化潜热为2257.2kJ/kg；V为湿度常数，一般取0.66hPa/℃；A为土壤表面相对湿度的倒数，ea为土体蒸发面上空气的蒸汽压(kPa)，ea由空气的温度及相对湿度来确定；T为温度(℃)，Ea为自由水面蒸发量(mm/d)，f(u)为风函数，f(u)＝0.35*(1+u*0.15)，u为风速；B为空气相对湿度的倒数，A为土壤表面相对湿度的倒数。需要说明的是，计算土壤的蒸发量的计算公式为现有技术。Among them, E is the evaporation rate (mm/d), τ is the slope of the saturated vapor pressure-temperature curve when the temperature is T (kPa/℃), Q is the equivalent net radiation on the soil surface (mm/d), Q =QT/L, QT is the net radiation on the soil surface (MJ/m 2 ·d), L is the latent heat of vaporization of water, for example, the latent heat of vaporization of water at 1 atmospheric pressure (0.1MPa) and temperature of 100°C is 2257.2kJ/kg; V is the humidity constant, generally 0.66hPa/℃; A is the reciprocal of the relative humidity of the soil surface, e a is the vapor pressure of the air on the evaporation surface of the soil (kPa), and e a is determined by the temperature of the air and the relative humidity Determined by humidity; T is temperature (°C), Ea is free water surface evaporation (mm/d), f(u) is wind function, f(u)=0.35*(1+u*0.15), u is wind speed; B is the reciprocal of the relative humidity of the air, and A is the reciprocal of the relative humidity of the soil surface. It should be noted that the calculation formula for calculating the evaporation of soil is the prior art.
同时环境模拟完成后，打开法兰，拆卸掉法兰后，通过各层土壤切割测量含水率及含盐量，实现土壤水盐迁移情况的测量。At the same time, after the environmental simulation is completed, the flange is opened, and after the flange is disassembled, the moisture content and salt content are measured by cutting the soil of each layer to realize the measurement of the migration of soil water and salt.
以上实施例仅用于说明本实用新型的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本实用新型进行了详细说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本实用新型的具体实施方案进行修改或者等同替换，而这些并未脱离本实用新型精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均在申请待批的本实用新型的权利要求保护范围之内。The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those of ordinary skill in the art can still modify the specific implementation of the utility model or Equivalent replacement, and any modification or equivalent replacement that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, all of which are within the protection scope of the claims of the pending application of the utility model.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106771077A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The experimental provision of soil function is measured under a kind of evaporation conditionses |
| CN110426506A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-08 | 青海省交通科学研究院 | A kind of experimental rig of indoor simulation soil body evaporation process |
| CN113504270A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-10-15 | 中南大学 | Cohesive soil water content tester and method based on heating vaporization method |
-
2016
- 2016-12-30 CN CN201621488515.1U patent/CN206321642U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106771077A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The experimental provision of soil function is measured under a kind of evaporation conditionses |
| CN110426506A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-08 | 青海省交通科学研究院 | A kind of experimental rig of indoor simulation soil body evaporation process |
| CN110426506B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2024-04-05 | 兰州交通大学 | Test device for indoor simulation of soil evaporation process |
| CN113504270A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-10-15 | 中南大学 | Cohesive soil water content tester and method based on heating vaporization method |
| CN113504270B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-26 | 中南大学 | Cohesive soil water content tester and method based on heating vaporization method |
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