CN206310501U - A kind of microwave plasma burns the device of Biohazard Waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a device for incinerating medical waste with microwave plasma, which includes a microwave heating furnace, a touch screen, a PLC, a control device, a lifting device and a material delivery vehicle. The microwave heating furnace includes a furnace body, a furnace bottom, a temperature measuring element, and a plasma arc System, transitional waveguide and magnetron; the inner cavity of the furnace body is provided with a cylindrical furnace with an open upper end, the upper end of the furnace cover is provided with a temperature measuring element inserted into the furnace, and the furnace body around the furnace is wrapped with insulation material, several magnetrons and transition waveguides are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outside of the furnace body, the magnetrons and transition waveguides are connected, and the transition waveguides extend into the furnace body; the detection signal of the temperature measuring element is transmitted to the control device, and the control device sends The advance and retreat mechanism, the magnetron and the control device transmit control signals. The utility model uses the microwave plasma and the electric arc generated by the microwave to heat the medical waste in the early stage, and effectively overcomes the problem that the medical waste cannot be processed because it does not absorb microwaves.

Description

A device for microwave plasma incineration of medical waste

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical waste treatment, in particular to a device for incinerating medical waste with microwave plasma.

Background technique

Medical waste is a kind of special dangerous waste, which has great harm to the environment and human health. The problem of medical waste disposal has become a difficult problem all over the world. Due to the toxicity of medical waste, it is difficult to treat it by conventional methods. Medical waste contains a large number of bacteria, viruses and chemicals, which is highly infectious, biologically toxic and corrosive. Untreated or incompletely treated medical waste It is very easy to cause pollution to water body, soil and air, and cause direct or indirect harm to human body. The existing medical waste treatment mainly includes incineration, chemical disinfection, pressure steam disinfection, sanitary landfill and so on. However, during the incineration process, a variety of metal "fly ash" and various harmful gases will be released, and secondary pollutants such as highly toxic dioxins will be generated, which will seriously affect human health. The landfill treatment of medical waste requires a large amount of land resources, and at the same time causes great secondary pollution to the environment.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the disadvantages of complex process, expensive equipment, incomplete treatment and secondary pollution in the process of medical waste treatment in the prior art, and provide a method for microwave plasma incineration of medical waste And the device has the advantages of thorough treatment, high efficiency, prevention of secondary pollution, energy saving and environmental protection.

Technical scheme of the utility model:

A device for microwave plasma incineration of medical waste, including a microwave heating furnace, a touch screen, PLC, a control device, a lifting device, and a material delivery vehicle. The microwave heating furnace includes a furnace body, a furnace bottom, a temperature measuring element, a plasma arc system, Transition waveguide and magnetron; the furnace body is cylindrical, the upper end of the furnace body is provided with a hemispherical furnace cover, the inner cavity of the furnace body is provided with a cylindrical furnace with an upper end opening, and the upper end of the furnace cover is provided with There is a temperature measuring element inserted into the furnace, and the furnace body around the furnace is covered with insulation materials. Several magnetrons and transition waveguides are evenly distributed on the outside of the furnace body along the circumferential direction. The magnetrons and transition waveguides are connected, and the transition waveguide extends into the furnace body; the shape of the furnace bottom and the furnace body is a spherical crown that matches the upper and lower ends; the plasma arc system includes contacts and an advancing and retreating mechanism connected with the contacts, and the contacts extend into the furnace chamber of the furnace body; The detection signal of the temperature measuring element is transmitted to the control device, and the control device transmits control signals to the advance and retreat mechanism, the magnetron and the control device respectively. The material transport vehicle is an electro-hydraulic lifting vehicle, and the lifting device is connected with the material transport vehicle. It is used to drive the furnace bottom to move up and down; the control device establishes a two-way communication connection with the PLC, and the PLC and the touch screen establish a two-way communication connection.

Preferably, the contact includes a ceramic push rod, a ceramic base and a graphite round rod, the front end of the graphite round rod is conical, the graphite round rod is arranged at the front end of the ceramic base, and the ceramic push rod is arranged on the ceramic base. At the rear end, the advance and retreat mechanism includes a deceleration steering mechanism, a motor and a control circuit. The ceramic push rod is connected to the deceleration steering mechanism. The control circuit transmits a rotation command to the motor. The rotation of the motor drives the deceleration steering mechanism, and the deceleration steering mechanism drives the front and back of the ceramic push rod. move, the control circuit establishes a communication connection with the control device.

Preferably, the magnetron (6) and the transition waveguide (5) are at least six respectively, and the magnetron (6) is connected to the furnace body (1) through the transition waveguide (5); the method of the transition waveguide A sealing partition (5-2) is inlaid between the flanges (5-3), and a shielding ring (5-1) is arranged around the sealing partition (5-2), and the flange (5-3) is fixed with bolts; the sealing The partition (5-2) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the shielding ring (5-1) is a gold wire mesh belt.

Preferably, the control device adopts a PLC program controller, and the temperature measuring element adopts an infrared thermometer or a thermocouple, and the output signal of the infrared thermometer or the thermocouple is connected to the PLC program controller; The manual switch, the switch signal circuit of the signal acquisition circuit.

Preferably, the furnace body and the furnace bottom are made of stainless steel; the furnace cover on the upper part of the furnace body is provided with at least one set of air inlets and exhaust ports; the furnace bottom is provided with a support device and a drain, and the upper end of the support device It is connected with the lower end surface of the furnace, and the drain is provided with a control valve; between the furnace body and the bottom of the furnace, there is a copper mesh belt microwave shielding ring and a rubber sealing ring.

An incineration method based on a microwave plasma incineration device for medical waste, comprising the following steps:

S1. Put the medical waste in the hearth (1-2) of the microwave heating furnace, and add a certain amount of water;

S2. Turn on the magnetron through the control device, adjust the microwave to 20-30% of the maximum power, then adjust the advance and retreat mechanism of the plasma arc system, so that the depth of the contact entering the furnace is 10-40mm, and perform microwave pretreatment;

S3. Exit the contacts of the plasma arc system, adjust the microwave to increase the power, and incinerate;

S4. Adjust the contacts of the plasma arc system so that the depth of entering the furnace is 40-100 mm, and exit after 10-30 minutes;

S5. Cool naturally to room temperature.

Preferably, the power of the microwave heating furnace is 10-20KW, and the microwave pretreatment is to add water of 15-30% of its mass to the pulverized medical waste and raise the temperature to 300-350°C; the incineration is to regulate Increase the power of the microwave to about 50-60%, continue to heat up to 600-850°C, and keep warm for 30-40 minutes; the residue is directly discharged from the furnace into the material delivery vehicle; the gas generated is discharged from the upper exhaust port, and the generated Water is discharged from the drain at the lower part; at the same time, other gases can be introduced through the air inlet for reaction.

The beneficial effects of the utility model:

1) The utility model uses microwave pressurized plasma to heat and treat medical waste, which has simple structure, reasonable design and high thermal efficiency. The furnace is cylindrical, and the furnace cover and bottom are both arc-shaped, which ensures the uniformity and continuity of the microwave field intensity and can minimize the temperature gradient in the heated area; it can not only treat medical waste, but also use to deal with other wastes.

2) The utility model uses microwaves to heat medical wastes to crack them into gases and solid residues at high temperatures; it does not generate secondary pollutants such as highly toxic dioxins.

3) The utility model uses microwave plasma and microwave-generated arcs to heat medical waste in the early stage, which effectively overcomes the problem that medical waste cannot be microwaved because it does not absorb microwaves.

4) After the medical waste to be processed is initially cracked, the plasma and arc devices are removed, and the medical waste is further heated using pure microwaves to ensure the stability and uniformity of the cracking of the medical waste. 5) By using PLC to control the magnetron, the processing program can be set arbitrarily according to the process requirements of various materials, and the setting for different materials can ensure the realization of the best process.

6) The entire treatment process is carried out in a closed environment, and the solid, liquid, and gas generated during the incineration process can be collected for comprehensive utilization, which is very environmentally friendly. Tests have shown that this method has a good effect on treating medical waste, and the killing rate of bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli among them is 100%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of microwave plasma incineration medical waste of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the feeding and discharging of the device for microwave plasma incineration of medical waste of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the plasma arc system of the utility model microwave plasma incineration of medical waste;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the transitional waveguide of the microwave plasma incineration medical waste device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit of the microwave plasma incineration device of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is the furnace body, 1-1 is the insulation material, 1-2 is the furnace, 1-3 is the air inlet, 1-4 is the exhaust port, 2 is the bottom of the furnace, 2-1 is the supporting device, 2 -2 is the drain port, 2-3 is the copper mesh belt microwave shielding ring, 2-4 is the rubber sealing ring, 3 is the temperature measuring element, 4 is the plasma arc system, 4-1 is the contact, 4-2 is the advance and retreat mechanism , 5 is the transition waveguide, 6 is the magnetron, 7 is the touch screen, 8 is the PLC, 9 is the control device, 10 is the lifting device, 11 is the material, 12 is the material delivery vehicle; 4-1-1 is the ceramic push rod, 4-1-2 is a ceramic base, 4-1-3 is a graphite round rod, 4-2-1 is a deceleration steering mechanism, 4-2-2 is a motor, 4-2-3 is a control circuit; 5-1 For the shielding ring, 5-2 is a sealing partition, and 5-3 is a flange.

detailed description

Embodiment 1: A device for microwave plasma incineration of medical waste, referring to Figures 1-4, comprising a microwave heating furnace, a touch screen 7, a PLC 8, a control device 9, a lifting device 10 and a material delivery vehicle 12, and the microwave heating furnace includes a furnace Body 1, furnace bottom 2, temperature measuring element 3, plasma arc system 4, transition waveguide 5 and magnetron 6.

The furnace body 1 is cylindrical, the upper end of the furnace body 1 is provided with a hemispherical furnace cover, and the inner cavity of the furnace body 1 is provided with a cylindrical furnace 1-2 with an upper end opening, and the furnace 1-2 is surrounded by insulation materials. 1-1. Several magnetrons 6 are evenly distributed on the outside of the furnace body 1 in a circumferential shape. The furnace bottom 2 and the furnace body are in the shape of a spherical crown whose upper and lower ends match. The magnetron 6 and the transition waveguide 5 are uniformly arranged around the furnace body 1 , and the transition waveguide 5 extends into the furnace body 1 . The transitional waveguide 5 includes a shielding ring 5-1, a sealing partition 5-2 and a flange 5-3. A temperature measuring element 3 extending into the furnace is provided on the top of the furnace body 1 . The plasma arc system 4 includes a contact 4-1 and a forward and backward mechanism 4-2. The contact 4-1 is composed of a ceramic push rod 4-1-1, a ceramic base 4-1-2 and a graphite round rod 4-1-3 , wherein the head of the graphite round rod 4-1-3 is conical, the graphite round rod 4-1-3 is connected with the ceramic base 4-1-2, and the ceramic base 4-1-2 is connected with the ceramic push rod 4- 1-1 connection. The graphite round rod 4-1-3 is located at the front end of the ceramic base 4-1-2, and the ceramic push rod 4-1-1 is located at the rear end of the ceramic base 4-1-2. Advance and retreat mechanism 4-2 comprises deceleration steering mechanism 4-2-1, motor 4-2-2 and control circuit 4-2-3, ceramic push rod 4-1-1 is connected with deceleration steering mechanism 4-2-1, controls The circuit 4-2-3 transmits the rotation command to the motor 4-2-2, the rotation of the motor 4-2-2 drives the deceleration steering mechanism 4-2-1, and the deceleration steering mechanism 4-2-1 drives the ceramic push rod 4-1 -1 moves back and forth, and the control circuit 4-2-3 establishes a communication connection with the control device 9.

The furnace body 1 and the furnace bottom 2 are made of stainless steel. The upper part of the furnace body 1 is provided with at least one set of air inlets 1-3 and air outlets 1-4. The furnace bottom 2 is provided with a supporting device 2-1 and a drain 2-2. A copper mesh belt microwave shielding ring 2-3 and a rubber sealing ring 2-4 are arranged between the furnace body 1 and the furnace bottom 2.

There are at least six magnetrons 6 and transition waveguides 5 respectively, and the magnetrons 6 are connected to the furnace body 1 through the transition waveguides 5 . A sealing partition 5-2 is inlaid between the flanges 5-3 of the transitional waveguide, and a shielding ring 5-1 is arranged around the sealing partition 5-2, and the flange 5-3 is fixed with bolts. The sealing partition 5-2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the shielding ring 5-1 is a gold wire mesh belt. The magnetron 6 and the transition waveguide 5 are correspondingly connected and evenly arranged around the furnace. The power of the magnetron 6 is 0.8-5kw. The control device adopts a PLC program controller, the temperature measuring element 3 adopts an infrared thermometer or a thermocouple, and the detection signal of the infrared thermometer or thermocouple is connected to the PLC program controller. The output signal of the temperature measuring element 3 is connected to the control device 9 , and the output signal of the control device 9 is connected to the PLC 8 and the magnetron 6 . The control signals of the control device 9 and the lifting device 10 are connected to the PLC 8 . The PLC control circuit contains a certain number of manual switches connected to the input terminal, and the switch signal circuit of the signal acquisition circuit.

The detection signal of the temperature measuring element 3 is transmitted to the control device 9, and the control device 9 transmits control signals to the advance and retreat mechanism 4-2, the magnetron 6 and the lifting device 10 respectively, the material transport vehicle 12 is an electro-hydraulic lifting vehicle, and the lifting device 10 Connected with the material transport vehicle 12, the lifting device 10 is used to drive the furnace bottom 2 to move up and down; the control device 9 establishes a two-way communication connection with the PLC 8, and the PLC 8 and the touch screen 7 establish a two-way communication connection.

After the incineration is completed, the product is directly discharged from the inner cavity 1-2 into the material transport vehicle 12; the gas generated is discharged from the upper exhaust pipe 2-1, and the generated water is discharged from the lower drain pipe 3-3.

Microwave plasma technology uses microwaves to excite gas discharge, and gas molecules are broken down to produce a mixture including electrons, various ions, atoms and free radicals. Rich collective motion (such as various electrostatic waves, drift waves, electromagnetic waves, and nonlinear coherent structures and disturbances), so the energy is extremely concentrated, and it has extremely high electrothermal efficiency and extremely high temperature, and the high temperature generated can be restored and difficult to restore and insoluble substances.

Microwave radiation can cause the internal molecular vibration of organic substances to intensify, causing the energy of molecular bonding to increase until the molecular bonds are broken, resulting in the transformation of complex organic compounds into simple compounds with low molecular weight. At the same time, the use of microwave plasma to incinerate medical waste can effectively ionize harmful gases such as dioxins in the exhaust gas, eliminate harmful gas components in the exhaust gas, and reduce the secondary pollution of the atmosphere caused by medical waste incineration. Because the microwave heating mechanism is completely different from conventional heating, the heat comes from the "friction" that the dipoles formed by the polar molecular dielectric and the nonpolar molecular dielectric in the dielectric material are constantly rearranged with the high-speed swing of the high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field. "Heat. Heating with microwaves is possible as long as a medium with dipolarity is present. It can be seen that it is very suitable to apply microwaves to medical waste containing moisture or water for heating and incineration.

Embodiment 2: An incineration method of a device based on microwave plasma incineration of medical waste, see Fig. 1-5, comprising the following steps:

(1) Add 10 kg of medical waste to 2 kg of water and place it in furnace 1-2.

(2) Put the furnace 1-2 on the supporting device 2-1 on the furnace bottom 2.

(3) Start the lifting mechanism 10, lift the furnace bottom 2 together with the furnace chamber 1-2 above it into the furnace body 1, and after fixing it, turn on the magnetron 6 to output microwaves (the power of the microwave heating furnace in this embodiment is 10KW), The power is adjusted to 3KW, and then the contact 4-1 of the plasma arc system 4 is adjusted to 80mm, and the temperature is raised to 300°C.

(4) Exit the contact 4-1 of the plasma arc system 4, adjust the microwave power to 6KW, and raise the temperature to 600°C.

(5) Adjust the contact 4-1 of the plasma arc system 4 to make it enter 40mm, and exit after 10 minutes.

(6) Turn off the microwave, open the furnace bottom 2 after naturally cooling to room temperature, start the lifting mechanism 10, and lower the furnace bottom 2 so that the furnace chamber 1-2 leaves the furnace body 1. The product is directly discharged from the furnace 1-2, and enters the material transport vehicle 12 to be transported away. The gas produced by incineration is discharged from the upper exhaust port 1-4, and the generated water is discharged from the lower drain port 2-2; it is collected by the collector for comprehensive utilization. At the same time, other gases can also be introduced through the air inlet 1-3 for reaction.

Embodiment 3: An incineration method of a device based on microwave plasma incineration of medical waste, see Figures 1-5, comprising the following steps:

(1) Add 20 kg of medical waste to 5 kg of water and place it in furnace 1-2.

(2) Put the furnace 1-2 on the supporting device 2-1 on the furnace bottom 2.

(3) Start the lifting mechanism 10, lift the furnace bottom 2 together with the furnace 1-2 above it into the furnace body 1, and after fixing it, turn on the microwave (the power of the microwave heating furnace in this embodiment is 20KW), and adjust the power to 5KW, Then adjust the contact 4-1 of the plasma arc system 4 so that its penetration is 100mm, and the temperature is raised to 350°C.

(4) Exit the contact 4-1 of the plasma arc system 4, adjust the microwave power to 10KW, and raise the temperature to 650°C.

(5) Adjust the contact 4-1 of the plasma arc system 4 to make it enter 60mm, and exit after 15 minutes.

(6) Turn off the microwave, open the furnace bottom 2 after naturally cooling to room temperature, start the lifting mechanism 10, and lower the furnace bottom 2 so that the furnace chamber 1-2 leaves the furnace body 1. The product is directly discharged from the furnace 1-2, and enters the material transport vehicle 12 to be transported away. The gas produced by incineration is discharged from the upper exhaust port 1-4, and the generated water is discharged from the lower drain port 2-2; it is collected by the collector for comprehensive utilization. At the same time, other gases can also be introduced through the air inlet 1-3 for reaction.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only descriptions of preferred implementations of the utility model. Without departing from the design spirit of the utility model, various deformations and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the utility model are acceptable. Should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of microwave plasma burns the device of Biohazard Waste, it is characterised in that including microwave oven, touch-screen（7）、 PLC（8）, control device（9）, lowering or hoisting gear（10）And material conveying vehicle（12）, the microwave oven include body of heater（1）, stove Bottom（2）, temperature element（3）, plasma-arc system（4）, transition waceguide（5）And magnetron（6）；The body of heater（1）It is cylinder Shape, body of heater（1）Upper end be provided with hemispheric bell, body of heater（1）Inner chamber in be provided with the columnar burner hearth of upper end open（1- 2）, the upper end of bell is provided with insertion burner hearth（1-2）Internal temperature element（3）, burner hearth（1-2）Around body of heater（1）Upper bag It is wrapped with insulation material（1-1）, body of heater（1）Outside along the circumferential direction uniform several magnetrons（6）And transition waceguide（5）, magnetic Keyholed back plate（6）And transition waceguide（5）Connection, transition waceguide（5）Stretch into body of heater（1）It is interior；Furnace bottom（2）And body of heater（1）Be shaped as, It is spherical that lower end matches；Described plasma-arc system（4）Including contact（4-1）And with contact（4-1）The advance and retreat of connection Mechanism（4-2）, contact（4-1）Stretch into body of heater（1）Burner hearth（1-2）；The temperature element（3）Detection signal transmit to control Device（9）, the control device（9）Respectively to driving and reversing mechanism（4-2）, magnetron（6）And lowering or hoisting gear（10）Transmission control letter Number, material conveying vehicle（12）For electric hydaulic raises car, lowering or hoisting gear（10）With material conveying vehicle（12）Link together, lift Device（10）For driving furnace bottom（2）Move up and down；Control device（9）And PLC（8）Set up two-way communication link, PLC（8） And touch-screen（7）Set up two-way communication link.

2. a kind of microwave plasma according to claim 1 burns the device of Biohazard Waste, it is characterised in that described to touch Head（4-1）Including ceramic push rod（4-1-1）, base of ceramic（4-1-2）With graphite round bar（4-1-3）, graphite round bar（4-1-3）'s Leading head is pyramid type, graphite round bar（4-1-3）It is located at base of ceramic（4-1-2）Front end, ceramic push rod（4-1-1）It is located at Base of ceramic（4-1-2）Rear end, driving and reversing mechanism（4-2）Including deceleration steering mechanism（4-2-1）, motor（4-2-2）And control Circuit（4-2-3）, ceramic push rod（4-1-1）With deceleration steering mechanism（4-2-1）Connection, controls circuit（4-2-3）To motor（4- 2-2）Transmission rotation command, motor（4-2-2）Rotation drive deceleration steering mechanism（4-2-1）, deceleration steering mechanism（4-2-1） Drive ceramic push rod（4-1-1）It is movable, control circuit（4-2-3）With control device（9）Set up communication connection.

3. a kind of microwave plasma according to claim 2 burns the device of Biohazard Waste, it is characterised in that the magnetic Keyholed back plate（6）And transition waceguide（5）Respectively at least six, magnetron（6）By transition waceguide（5）With body of heater（1）It is connected；Institute State the flange of transition waceguide（5-3）Between inlay sealing dividing plate（5-2）, seal dividing plate（5-2）Surrounding is provided with shielding ring（5- 1）, flange（5-3）It is joined with bolts；Sealing dividing plate（5-2）It is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, shielding ring（5-1）It is spun gold net Band.

4. a kind of microwave plasma according to claim 3 burns the device of Biohazard Waste, it is characterised in that the control Device processed（9）Using PLC program controller, temperature element（3）Using infrared radiation thermometer or thermocouple, infrared radiation thermometer or thermoelectricity Even output signal accesses PLC program controller；PLC control circuits contain several hand switches being connected with input, signal The switching signal circuit of Acquisition Circuit.

5. a kind of microwave plasma according to claim any one of 1-4 burns the device of Biohazard Waste, and its feature exists In the body of heater（1）And furnace bottom（2）It is stainless steel；Body of heater（1）At least one set of air inlet is provided with the bell on top （1-3）And exhaust outlet（1-4）；Furnace bottom（2）It is provided with support meanss（2-1）And discharge outlet（2-2）, support meanss（2-1）It is upper End and burner hearth（1-2）Lower surface connection, discharge outlet（2-2）It is provided with control valve；Body of heater（1）And furnace bottom（2）Between be provided with Copper mesh band micro-wave screening circle（2-3）And rubber seal（2-4）.