CN206249548U

CN206249548U - Environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology

Info

Publication number: CN206249548U
Application number: CN201621385118.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王颢
Original assignee: Ningxia Computer Software And Technology Service Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ningxia Computer Software And Technology Service Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-12-16
Filing date: 2016-12-16
Publication date: 2017-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2026-12-16

Abstract

The utility model is related to a kind of environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology, main control module is single-chip microcomputer, the input pin of Voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power pins of main control module single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer is set to be powered for it, it is connected with wireless communication module by the output pin of voltage stabilizing chip simultaneously, it is that 3.3V is wireless communication module power supply by 5V voltage conversions, Temperature Humidity Sensor module is connected with monobus communication mode with main control singlechip I/O port, PM2.5 sensor assemblies are connected with another I/O port of main control singlechip, analog quantity is converted to digital quantity and sends single-chip microcomputer to by formaldehyde sensor module with power module by D/A converter module, wireless communication module is connected with main control singlechip, and by sensing data Long Distant Transmit to host computer.Advantage of the present utility model is embodied in：The convenience of enhancing environmental quality detection reduces use cost simultaneously, and the functional requirement of energy-conservation and MANET is realized on the basis of telecommunication transmission is met.

Description

Environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology

Technical field

The utility model is related to a kind of environmental quality detection means, and in particular to one kind is based on low power loss communication network and biography The environmental quality detection means of sensor integrated technology, is realized by sensor integration and remote low-consumption wireless communication module Air quality data is received and dispatched at a distance, is mainly used in the occasion of household and RFDC, it is also possible to as extensive One terminal node of internet of things sensors communication network.

Background technology

Existing EMS is based primarily upon wireless sensor network, wireless sensor network be it is substantial amounts of static or Mobile sensor is constituted wireless network in the way of self-organizing and multi-hop, the purpose is to collaboratively perceiving, gathering, processing perception The detection information of object, and report to user.Wireless sensor network possesses hierarchical structure, and its system architecture is main by sensing Device node, aggregation node, the part of data service center three are constituted, and sensor node is placed on environment measuring region, with self-organizing Mode constitute network, the data of nodal test are transmitted along sensor node hop-by-hop, and convergence is routed to after multi-hop Node, aggregation node is responsible for receiving and processing all nodal informations in network, and sensing data can be sent into clothes by network Business device is focused on.

Wireless sensor node is the elementary cell of wireless sensor network, and its general structure includes sensing unit, treatment Unit, Transmit-Receive Unit, four functional module compositions of power subsystem.

Existing wireless sensor network node feature is as follows：

(1) communication capacity is limited

Limited by antenna in wireless sensor network node communication module and power, the communication overlay model of sensor node Only tens to hundreds of meters are enclosed, communication bandwidth is small and unstable.

(2) limitation of the network node in terms of energy, power consumption

Sensor node volume is small, and power supply energy is limited, it is necessary to carry out environmental quality detection zone extensively and complicated, adopts It is unrealistic with the mode for changing power supply.And most energy ezpenditures of sensor node are in wireless communication module, sensor During node-node transmission information electric energy is more consumed than data acquisition and calculating.

The wireless communication protocol feature of existing sensor network nodes is as follows：Protocol stack bag on sensor network nodes Physical layer, data link layer, Internet, transport layer and application layer are included, mac-layer protocol is mainly responsible for data framing, frame detection, matchmaker Body is accessed and Error Control；Routing Protocol is mainly responsible for route generation and Route Selection.IEEE802.15 series standards are mainly fitted For the wireless network of small range, wherein be more widely 802.15.4ZigBee standards.ZigBee is low work week Phase is designed, it is adaptable to applied environment that is static and dynamic, needing great deal of nodes.

Wireless sensor network provides possibility for the detection of complex environment qualitative data, in sensor network characteristic analysis In can also analyze for drawing and being embodied with wireless sensor network node when long distance environment qualitative data is detected A little shortcomings.

(1) technical disadvantages one

Aggregation node is fixed, and longer-distance environmental data achievement data detection is needed by multi-hop routing to convergence Node, the energy ezpenditure easily caused around aggregation node is uneven, reduces the life cycle of sensor network detection.And pass Sensor network typically uses multi-hop routing mechanism, and the wireless communication bandwidth of node is narrower, due to node energy change with And the influence of detected environment, the performance of radio communication may often be changed, and sensing data can be caused remote Transmission.

(2) technical disadvantages two

The mode of networking limits the environmental quality detection means based on the technology remote between wireless sensor node Efficiency of transmission in sensing data transmitting-receiving so that the data for collecting must can just carry out farther distance by the transmission of node Data transfer.Sensor data transmission efficiency is reduced, causes data transfer delay and application cost to increase, based on the technology Air quality detecting device is restricted in the adaptability of remote data detection occasion because of its communication networking mode.

(3) technical disadvantages three

The miniaturization of sensor network nodes, the communication of each node and sensing radius are limited, and for energy-conservation, sensing Device node is mostly in sleep state, and network quality is ensured often through substantial amounts of sensor network nodes are laid.Sensing Number of nodes and density ratio general networking several orders of magnitude high of device network, can cause effective transmission road of signal conflict, information The problems such as how being cooperated between selection, the great deal of nodes in footpath.

With the improvement of people ' s living standards, people are to environmental quality requirement more and more higher, to environment information acquisition and inspection The demand more and more higher of survey.Accordingly, it would be desirable to design a kind of environmental detection set carries out detection management to environmental data index, to protect Hinder the health and safety of living environment.Simultaneously, it is necessary to solve the existing environmental quality detection system based on wireless sensor network Limitation of the system on Long-range Data Transmission and networking mode.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is directed to deficiency of the prior art, there is provided one kind is based on low power loss communication network and biography The environmental quality detection means of sensor integrated technology, the convenience of enhancing environmental quality detection reduces use cost simultaneously, full The functional requirement of energy-conservation and MANET is realized on the basis of sufficient telecommunication transmission.

To achieve the above object, the utility model discloses following technical scheme：

Environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology, including main control module, power supply mould It is block, formaldehyde sensor module, Temperature Humidity Sensor module, PM2.5 sensor assemblies, Voltage stabilizing module, D/A converter module, wireless Communication module：

Main control module is single-chip microcomputer,

The input pin of Voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power pins of main control module single-chip microcomputer, and power module is by the pin Voltage stabilizing module is powered, and is 3.3V by 5V voltage conversions while being connected with wireless communication module by the output pin of voltage stabilizing chip It is wireless communication module power supply,

Temperature Humidity Sensor module is connected with monobus communication mode with main control singlechip I/O port,

PM2.5 sensor assemblies are connected with another I/O port of main control singlechip,

Analog quantity is converted to digital quantity and sends list to by formaldehyde sensor module with power module by D/A converter module Piece machine,

Wireless communication module is connected with main control singlechip, and by sensing data Long Distant Transmit to host computer.

Further, the chip that the main control module is used is STC12c5a60s2；Formaldehyde sensor uses MS1100；Temperature Humidity sensor uses digital Temperature and Humidity compound sensor AM2302；PM2.5 concentration measuring sensors are using PMS7003 numerals Formula particle concentration sensor；Power module is charging power modules, including lithium cell charging chip FM6316GE, lithium battery are protected Shield chip DW06D, electricity display chip LM324, TL431；Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117；D/A converter module is used AD0809。

Further, the formaldehyde sensor uses the signal output pin DO of MS1100, formaldehyde sensor MS1100 to connect Resistance is one end ground connection of the slide rheostat R11, R11 of 100K, and the other end is defeated with the analog quantity of D/A converter module AD0809 Enter passage IN1 connections；Power pins VCC and grounding pin GND connect power supply and ground respectively.

Further, the Temperature Humidity Sensor uses digital Temperature and Humidity compound sensor AM2302, temperature and humidity sensing Device DHT22 signal output pins SDA is connected with the I/O port P0.3 of main control singlechip；Pin NC is empty；Power pins VCC and ground connection Pin GND connects power supply and ground respectively.

Further, PM2.5 concentration measuring sensors use the digital particle concentration sensors of PMS7003, and PM2.5 is passed The power pins 1 and 2 of sensor PMS7003 meet power supply VCC；Pin 2 and 4 is grounded GND；Module resets pin RESET, pin are set End SET is empty；Serial ports receives pin RXD and is connected with the serial ports transmission pin TXD of main control singlechip serial ports 2, and serial ports sends pin TXD receives pin RXD and is connected with the serial ports of main control singlechip serial ports 2.

Further, power module is charging power modules, including lithium cell charging chip FM6316GE, li-ion cell protection Chip DW06D, electricity display chip LM324, TL431, input current maximum adjustment end OC and the resistance of charging chip FM6316 It is worth one end connection of the resistance R3 for 15K, resistance other end ground connection；The negative pole of charging indication end CHRG and LED 3 Connection, with the positive pole and resistance of LED 1 for the resistance R4 of 3K is connected, the negative pole of LED1 is grounded the positive pole of LED3, One end of another termination charge port P2 of R4；Power supply VCC is connected with the one end for the electric capacity C7 that capacitance is 10uF, another termination of C7 The other end of charge port P2 is simultaneously grounded；Battery charging input end BAT connects anode and capacitance for the electric capacity C8 of 10uF is connected, The other end ground connection of C8；With resistance for the resistance R7 of 2K is connected, the other end of R7 is grounded charging current adjustment end PROG；Power is opened Positive pole, the capacitance scope for closing output end LX and Schottky diode D2 are the electricity of 3.3uH in electric capacity C2 one end of 1-3.3nF, value Feel one end connection of L1, the other end of C2 is connected with the negative pole of D2, another termination anode of L1；Boosting output end VOUT connects Connect electric capacity C2 and Schottky diode D2 negative pole one end in parallel, and this termination 5V voltage, one end of discharge port P1 and capacitance It is one end connection of the electric capacity C9 of 47uF, the other end ground connection of C9, P1；

Charge power supply protection chip DW06D electric currents sensing input pin V- is with resistance for the resistance R1 of 1K is connected, and R1's is another One end is grounded；Charging negative pole end S1 is grounded；S2 is connected with earth terminal VSS, and this end and capacitance are the one of the electric capacity C1 of 0.1uF End, the negative pole connection of battery；One end of the other end of C1 and positive supply input pin VDD and resistance R2 that resistance is 100 Ω Connection, another termination anode of R2, anode B+ is connected with the analog input channel IN0 of AD0809；

The power pins of chip LM324 are connected with the one end for the resistance R12 that resistance is 2.2K, while this end is with battery just Pole B+ is connected, the other end of R12 is connected with Ref the and Cath pins of chip TL431 and the pin 2 of this end and chip LM324,6, 9th, 13 connection, the Ano pins of TL431 are connected with GND B-；The pin 3 of chip LM324 is the resistance R17 of 4.7K with resistance One end connection, while this end be connected with the one end for the resistance R16 that resistance is 510 Ω, the other end and positive source the B+ company of R17 Connect；The pin 1 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED5 of light emitting diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED5；The pin 7 of TL431 with it is luminous The positive pole connection of the LED6 of diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED6；The pin 8 of TL431 connects with the positive pole of the LED7 of light emitting diode Connect, the negative pole ground connection of LED7；The pin 14 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED8 of light emitting diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED8；Draw , with resistance for the resistance R13 of 10K is connected, while this end is connected with resistance R14 one end that resistance is 510 Ω, R13's is another for pin 12 End ground connection；Pin 10 is connected with the other end of R14, while this end is connected with the resistance R15 that resistance is 510 Ω, the other end of R15 The other end with pin 5 and R16 is connected.

Further, Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117, and pin VIN and the capacitance of voltage stabilizing chip ASM1117 are 0.1uF's Electric capacity C5 and capacitance are one end connection of the parallel network of the electric capacity C3 of 22uF, while the power supply VCC of this termination power module, and Networking network other end ground connection GND；Signal output pin VOUT is with capacitance for the electric capacity C4 and capacitance of 10uF are the electric capacity C6 of 0.1uF One end connection of parallel network, while this end is connected with 3.3V voltages, the other end ground connection of parallel network；Pin GND is grounded.

Further, D/A converter module uses AD0809, conversion starting signal control end ST and address latch decoder Address latch allow input line control end ALE be connected with the I/O port P0.0 of main control module STC12c5a60s2, address latch is translated The code address signal control end A of device is connected with the I/O port P0.4 of main control module, address signal control end B and C the ground connection low electricity of acquiescence Flat, output allows signal OE to be connected with I/O port P0.1, and EOC control end EOC is connected with I/O port P0.2, clock control signal Input control end CLK is connected by single-chip microcomputer with I/O port P1.0 as it provides clock frequency, digital output end D0-D7 and I/O port P2.0-P2.7 is connected.

Further, the wireless communication module includes power circuit, SX1278 radio frequency chips, STM8 single-chip microcomputers, crystal oscillator Circuit, 434MHZ antennas, wherein SX1278 radio frequency chips and STM8 single-chip microcomputers by SPI port communications, SX1278 radio frequency chips and Radio circuit, the serial date transfer pin MISO of the SX1278 and pin PD2 of STM8 single-chip microcomputers are provided between 434MHZ antennas Connection, serial data output pin MOSI is connected with the pin PD1 of STM8, and the pin PD3 of shift clock pin SCK and STM8 connects Connect, the slave unit of Low level effective enables signal NSS and is connected with the pin PD0 of STM8；

The pin XTA of SX1278 radio frequency chips connects the pin 2 of crystal oscillator XTAL, while pin 2 is 15pF with capacitance Electric capacity C2 connection, C2 the other end ground connection；The pin 1 of the pin XTB and crystal oscillator XTAL of SX1278 radio frequency chips connects Connect, while pin 1 is connected with the electric capacity C1 that capacitance is 15pF, the other end ground connection of C1；The pin 2 of crystal oscillator XTAL and draw Pin 4 is grounded；

Radio frequency chip SX1278 and 434MHZ Antenna Design radio circuits, radio circuit specifically include antenna circuit, signal Radiating circuit, signal receiving circuit：SX1278 chips maximum transmission power port PA_BOOST connections electricity in signal transmission circuit Sense L1, the L1 other ends and electric capacity C11 are connected with electric capacity C12 one end in parallel, and the electric capacity C11 other ends are grounded, the C12 other ends and inductance L3 connects, and the inductance L3 other ends are connected with parallel circuit one end of inductance L4, electric capacity C13, the other end of inductance L4 and and electric capacity C14 is connected, while this end connects the RF2 ports of duplexer, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C13, another termination of electric capacity C14 Ground；SX1278 chips RFI_LF ports connection electric capacity C15, inductance L5 in signal receiving circuit, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C15, The other end connection capacitance of inductance L5 is the RF1 ports of another termination duplexer of the electric capacity C16, C16 of 47pF；Antenna circuit Connect an electric capacity C17 for middle duplexer RFC ports, and electric capacity C17 is connected with antenna, constitutes a general aerial network Circuit；

The pin VBAT2 of radio frequency chip SX1278, the pin VDD1 of single-chip microcomputer STM8, pin VDDA and pin VDD2 groups Into the port 6 of wireless communication module；The grounding pin GND of radio frequency chip SX1278, the pin VSS1 of single-chip microcomputer STM8 and pin The earth terminal of VSS2 and other devices constitutes the port 4 of wireless communication module；The pin PC3 correspondence channel radios of single-chip microcomputer STM8 Believe the data is activation port TXD-WX of module；The data receiver port of the pin PC2 correspondence wireless communication modules of single-chip microcomputer STM8 The port 6 of RXD-WX, wherein wireless communication module connects the port that Voltage stabilizing module provides 3.3V voltages, and port 4 is grounded, radio communication Module port TXD-WX receives pin RXD and is connected with the serial ports of the serial ports 1 of main control singlechip, the port RXD- of wireless communication module WX sends pin TXD and is connected with the serial data of main control singlechip serial ports 1.

The disclosed environmental quality detection means based on low power loss communication network with sensor integration technology of the utility model, Have the advantages that：

Formaldehyde, humiture, PM2.5 Concentration Testings can be integrated in by an equipment by the design of the environmental detection set In, the convenient of this three item datas Indexs measure is realized, while this ring is surveyed, device global design is compact can be placed on residenter house, reality Test room, factory building, laboratory and some be not easy to wiring place；Sensor and related chip precision in environmental detection set High, stability is strong, low cost, realizes the high performance-price ratio of whole equipment design, is adapted to the application of large area.Relative to sensor section Sensing data can be obtained wider array of transmission range and distance by point, the application with low transmitting power, realize that ring is surveyed device and passed The remote transmitting-receiving of sensor data.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 environmental quality testing equipment implementation steps flow charts

Fig. 2 environmental quality testing equipment internal structure block diagrams

The soft design flow diagram of Fig. 3 environmental quality testing equipments

Fig. 4 digital-to-analogue conversions AD0809 connects circuit design

Fig. 5 main control singlechips connect circuit design

Fig. 6 charging chips FM6316 connects circuit design

Fig. 7 charging protecting modules connect circuit design

Fig. 8 electricity quantity display modules connect circuit design

Fig. 9 formaldehyde sensors module connects circuit design

Figure 10 Temperature Humidity Sensors module connects circuit design

Figure 11 PM2.5 sensor assemblies connect circuit design

Figure 12 Voltage stabilizing modules connect circuit design

Figure 13 wireless communicaltion module access connects circuit design

Figure 14 charging power source circuit test flow charts

Figure 15 radio frequency chips are connected SX1278 pinouts in circuit with STM8

Figure 16 radio frequency chips are connected STM8 pinouts in circuit with STM8

Figure 17 wireless communication module crystal oscillating circuits

Figure 18 wireless communication module radio frequency transmitter circuitries

Figure 19 wireless communication module RF receiving circuits

Figure 20 wireless communication module antenna circuits

Specific embodiment

The technical scheme in the utility model embodiment will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described Embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the utility model, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the implementation in the utility model Example, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made is belonged to The scope of the utility model protection.

It is of the present utility model to realize that step is as shown in Figure 1.

Core of the present utility model is to provide a kind of ring measurement equipment, and hardware circuit design is mainly by main control singlechip as core Heart control module, the integrated formaldehyde sensor of peripheral circuit, Temperature Humidity Sensor, PM2.5 sensors, power supply and electricity show, number Mould conversion, six sub-modules of radio communication.

It is a little entirety of the integrated and each sub-module of different sub-modules with main control chip to be intended to protect in the utility model Connection method and thinking.Module is integrated and is connected the major way that circuit is realized as Detection of Air Quality purpose, different Sub-module it is integrated can realize ring survey device to formaldehyde in air, humiture, dust concentration collection, sub-module and master control core The integrated connection circuit of piece can ensure focusing on for sensing data, and the overall hardware circuit design that ring surveys device can reach To sensor data acquisition and the Expected Results of electric quantity of power supply display correctness and real-time.

Some features in view of environmental detection set in terms of practical application, will consider hardware design and software development Two requirements of aspect, its overall hardware design Consideration have it is following some：

(1) energy efficient is utilized：Sensor energy is limited, and design will consider energy supply and capacity usage ratio.

(2) low cost：Equipment design cost performance is high, beneficial to widely using.

(3) stability：The wireless sensor network cycle of operation is more long, it is desirable to which data acquisition and module operation stability will By force.

Software development of the present utility model is used to control hardware effort state, and software programming is related in this design of testing device Arrive：PM2.5 sensors transfer a packet to main control module by serial ports, and formaldehyde sensor and power module pass through external number Analog quantity is converted to digital quantity by mould conversion AD0809, and AD0809 sends the data after conversion to main control module, humiture again Sensor sends gathered data to main control module with the communication mode of monobus by I/O port, and main control module is by all data Live part is extracted and transfers data to host computer by wireless communication module, consider when systemic software development is designed because Have the following aspects：

(1) real-time：Software programming is tried one's best and reduces time delay of the gathered data in transmit process；

(2) stability：Gathered data shows will stablize accurate；

(3) it is energy-optimised：Agreement and algorithm are simplified in programming as far as possible, save device external energy supply.

See Fig. 2, the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology of the present utility model, bag Include main control module, power module, formaldehyde sensor module, Temperature Humidity Sensor module, PM2.5 sensor assemblies, Voltage stabilizing module, D/A converter module, wireless communication module：Main control module is single-chip microcomputer；The input pin of Voltage stabilizing module and main control module single-chip microcomputer Power pins connection, make single-chip microcomputer be that it is powered, while be connected with wireless communication module by the output pin of voltage stabilizing chip, It is that 3.3V is wireless communication module power supply by 5V voltage conversions；Temperature Humidity Sensor module is with monobus communication mode and master control list Piece machine I/O port is connected；PM2.5 sensor assemblies are connected with another I/O port of main control singlechip；Formaldehyde sensor module and power supply mould Analog quantity is converted to digital quantity and sends single-chip microcomputer to by block by D/A converter module；Wireless communication module connects with main control singlechip Connect, and by sensing data Long Distant Transmit to host computer.By radio frequency chip, the wireless communication module is mainly concerned with Lora Long range low power consumption data transmission technology and Cont iki systems under writing for process realize point to point link to MANET work( Energy.

Used as specific embodiment, the chip that the main control module is used is STC12c5a60s2；Formaldehyde sensor is used MS1100, the formaldehyde sensor of the model has high sensitivity and stability, can detect the gas of more than 0.1ppm, together When there is compact, cheap, fast response time；Temperature Humidity Sensor uses digital Temperature and Humidity composite sensing There is device AM2302, the sensor low energy consumption, long transmission distance, long-time stability and digital single bus data to export, number It is relatively easy according to processing；PM2.5 concentration measuring sensors use the digital particle concentration sensors of PMS7003, its size is small, High precision, response time are few, cheap, are suitable for use in low-cost equipment；Power module is charging power modules, including lithium Battery charging chip FM6316GE, Li battery protection IC DW06D, electricity display chip LM324, TL431, peripheral circuit letter Single, stable performance disclosure satisfy that ring surveys the energy supply demand of module；Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117；D/A converter module is used AD0809。

Environment testing equipment is specifically related to formaldehyde, PM2.5 and Temperature Humidity Sensor in the utility model, related Kind of sensor is various, not only to consider that parameter, performance disclosure satisfy that functions of modules is needed in specifically chosen sensor model number Ask, it is considered however that different sensors signal input and output characteristics.Meanwhile, the sensitivity of sensor, stability, precision, Cost is also Consideration when selecting sensor model number.

Selection meets the microprocessor of sensing data treatment, considers further that the supplied character and electricity of whole module show, With reference to low-power consumption long range wireless communication module, the design of environmental quality testing equipment and excellent is carried out according to such design philosophy Change.

See Fig. 9, used as specific embodiment, the formaldehyde sensor uses MS1100, the signal of formaldehyde sensor MS1100 Output pin DO connects one end ground connection of slide rheostat R11, R11 that resistance is 100K, the other end and D/A converter module The analog input channel IN1 connections of AD0809；Power pins VCC and grounding pin GND connect power supply and ground respectively.

See Figure 10, used as specific embodiment, the Temperature Humidity Sensor uses digital Temperature and Humidity compound sensor AM2302, Temperature Humidity Sensor DHT22 signal output pins SDA is connected with the I/O port P0.3 of main control singlechip；Pin NC is empty； Power pins VCC and grounding pin GND connect power supply and ground respectively.

See Figure 11, used as specific embodiment, PM2.5 concentration measuring sensors use the digital particle concentrations of PMS7003 Sensor, the power pins 1 and 2 of PM2.5 sensors PMS7003 meet power supply VCC；Pin 2 and 4 is grounded GND；Module resets pin RESET, pin set end SET and are empty；Serial ports receives pin RXD and sends pin TXD companies with the serial ports of main control singlechip serial ports 2 Connect, serial ports sends pin TXD and is connected with the serial ports reception pin RXD of main control singlechip serial ports 2.

See Fig. 6, Fig. 7, used as specific embodiment, power module is charging power modules, including lithium cell charging chip FM6316GE, Li battery protection IC DW06D, electricity display chip LM324, TL431, the input current of charging chip FM6316 With resistance for one end of the resistance R3 of 15K is connected, the resistance other end is grounded maximum adjustment end OC；Charging indication end CHRG and hair The negative pole connection of optical diode LED3, the positive pole of LED3 is the resistance R4 companies of 3K with the positive pole of LED 1 and resistance Connect, the negative pole ground connection of LED1, one end of another termination charge port P2 of R4；Power supply VCC is the one of the electric capacity C7 of 10uF with capacitance End connection, the other end of another termination charge port P2 of C7 is simultaneously grounded；Battery charging input end BAT connects anode and capacitance For the electric capacity C8 of 10uF is connected, the other end ground connection of C8；Charging current adjustment end PROG is connected with the resistance R7 that resistance is 2K, R7 The other end ground connection；The electric capacity C2 of the positive pole of power switch output end LX and Schottky diode D2, capacitance scope in 1-3.3nF One end, value are one end connection of the inductance L1 of 3.3uH, and the other end of C2 is connected with the negative pole of D2, and another termination battery of L1 is just Pole；Negative pole one end boosting output end VOUT connection electric capacity C2 and Schottky diode D2 in parallel, and this termination 5V voltage, put With capacitance for one end of the electric capacity C9 of 47uF is connected, the other end of C9, P1 is grounded for one end of power port P1；

Fig. 8 is seen, the power pins of chip LM324 are connected with the one end for the resistance R12 that resistance is 2.2K, while this end and electricity The positive pole B+ connections in pond, the other end of R12 is connected with Ref the and Cath pins of chip TL431 and this end and chip LM324 draw Pin 2,6,9,13 is connected, and the Ano pins of TL431 are connected with GND B-；The pin 3 of chip LM324 is 4.7K's with resistance One end connection of resistance R17, while this end is connected with the one end for the resistance R16 that resistance is 510 Ω, the other end and power supply of R17 Positive pole B+ is connected；The pin 1 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED5 of light emitting diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED5；TL431's draws Pin 7 is connected with the positive pole of the LED6 of light emitting diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED6；The pin 8 of TL431 and the LED7 of light emitting diode Positive pole connection, LED7 negative pole ground connection；The pin 14 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED8 of light emitting diode, and LED8's is negative Pole is grounded；Pin 12 is connected with the resistance R13 that resistance is 10K, while this end is connected with resistance R14 one end that resistance is 510 Ω, The other end ground connection of R13；Pin 10 is connected with the other end of R14, while this end is connected with the resistance R15 that resistance is 510 Ω, The other end of R15 is connected with the other end of pin 5 and R16.

See Figure 12, used as specific embodiment, Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117, the pin VIN of voltage stabilizing chip ASM1117 with Capacitance is one end connection of the parallel network of the electric capacity C3 of 22uF for the electric capacity C5 and capacitance of 0.1uF, while this termination power mould The power supply VCC of block, parallel network other end ground connection GND；Signal output pin VOUT is the electric capacity C4 and capacitance of 10uF with capacitance It is one end connection of the electric capacity C6 parallel networks of 0.1uF, while this end is connected with 3.3V voltages, another termination of parallel network Ground；Pin GND is grounded.

See Fig. 4, Fig. 5, used as specific embodiment, D/A converter module uses AD0809, conversion starting signal control end ST Address latch with address latch decoder allows the I/O port P0.0 of input line control end ALE and main control module STC12c5a60s2 Connection, the address signal control end A of address latch decoder is connected with the I/O port P0.4 of main control module, address signal control end B With C ground connection acquiescence low levels, exporting allows signal OE to be connected with I/O port P0.1, and EOC control end EOC and I/O port P0.2 connects Connect, clock control signal input control end CLK is connected by single-chip microcomputer with I/O port P1.0 as it provides clock frequency, digital output End D0-D7 is connected with I/O port P2.0-P2.7.

See Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, line communication module includes power circuit, SX1278 radio frequency chips, STM8 single-chip microcomputers, crystalline substance Shake circuit, 434MHZ antennas, and wherein SX1278 radio frequency chips and STM8 single-chip microcomputers are by SPI port communications, SX1278 radio frequency chips Radio circuit is provided with and 434MHZ antennas between, by SPI port communications between SX1278 radio frequency chips and STM8 single-chip microcomputers, The serial date transfer pin MISO of SX1278 is connected with the pin PD2 of STM8 single-chip microcomputers, serial data output pin MOSI with The pin PD1 connections of STM8, shift clock pin SCK is connected with the pin PD3 of STM8, and the slave unit of Low level effective enables letter Number NSS is connected with the pin PD0 of STM8；

See that Figure 16, the pin XTA of radio frequency chip connect the pin 2 of crystal oscillator XTAL, while pin 2 is 15pF with capacitance Electric capacity C2 connection, C2 the other end ground connection；The pin 1 of the pin XTB and crystal oscillator XTAL of SX1278 radio frequency chips connects Connect, while pin 1 is connected with the electric capacity C1 that capacitance is 15pF, the other end ground connection of C1；The pin 2 of crystal oscillator XTAL and draw Pin 4 is grounded；

Radio frequency chip SX1278 and 434MHZ Antenna Design radio circuits, radio circuit specifically include antenna circuit, signal Radiating circuit, signal receiving circuit：See Figure 17, SX1278 chips maximum transmission power port PA_BOOST in signal transmission circuit Connection inductance L1, the L1 other end is connected with electric capacity C11 with electric capacity C12 parallel connections one end, electric capacity C11 other ends ground connection, the C12 other ends Connected with inductance L3, the inductance L3 other ends are connected with parallel circuit one end of inductance L4, electric capacity C13, and the other end of inductance L4 is again It is connected with electric capacity C14, while this end connects the RF2 ports of duplexer, the other end of electric capacity C13 is grounded, and electric capacity C14's is another End ground connection；See Figure 18, SX1278 chips RFI_LF ports connection electric capacity C15, inductance L5 in signal receiving circuit, electric capacity C15's The other end is grounded, and the other end connection capacitance of inductance L5 is the RF1 ends of another termination duplexer of the electric capacity C16, C16 of 47pF Mouthful；See Figure 19, series connection one electric capacity C17 in duplexer RFC ports in antenna circuit, electric capacity C17 is connected with antenna, constitutes one Individual general aerial network circuit；

Overall design philosophy class of the present utility model is summarized as：From data acquisition is accurate, long lifespan, the sensing of low cost Device, with reference to low-power microprocessor, rechargable power supplies module and electricity quantity display module, with low-power consumption long range wireless communication mould Block, being aided with peripheral circuit carries out subsystem, modularized design, develops the ring measurement equipment for meeting specific function demand.

During utility model works, formaldehyde sensor output signal is by becoming 0-5v electricity after corresponding signal processing circuit Corresponding formaldehyde sensor voltage signal and power supply voltage signal are converted to digital letter by pressure signal, D/A converter module AD0809 Number, PM2.5 sensor output digit signals data are supplied to single-chip microcomputer；Temperature Humidity Sensor is directly sent to master serial mode Control single-chip microcomputer, sensing data extracts and sends wireless communication module to by last single-chip microcomputer, and wireless communication module is by sensor Data Long Distant Transmit is to host computer.

Main control processor chip uses STC12c5a60s2 in this ring measurement equipment, and processor is environmental quality measurement module Core, plays a decisive role to module energy consumption and data processing, selection requirements of this environmental quality detection module to microprocessor It is that integrated level is high, low in energy consumption, low cost, the main control chip that the design of this ring measurement equipment is used has following characteristics：A) there are two solely Vertical serial ports, can respectively transmit different sensors data, reduce the interference between data and improve data communication reliability.B) totally 4 16 bit timing devices, the characteristics of with high speed, low-power consumption, superpower interference.

PM2.5 sensors use PMS7003 in this ring measurement equipment, are digital particle concentration sensors, can monitor Particle concentration in air, exports in digital interface form.The model sensor is used in module following characteristics：A) it is real When respond；B) data are accurate；C) it is minimum to differentiate 0.3 micron of particle diameter.

Formaldehyde sensor uses MS1100 in this ring measurement equipment, the formaldehyde sensor of the model have high sensitivity and Stability, can detect the gas of more than 0.1ppm, while the characteristics of there is compact, cheap, fast response time, Module design use the characteristic sensor have it is following some：A) analog signal and level signal are exported simultaneously；B) analog signal is defeated Go out voltage range for 0-5V, analog signal can directly connect AD conversion module.

Temperature Humidity Sensor uses AM2302 in this ring measurement equipment.The sensing data way of output is defeated using data signal Go out, sensor includes a condenser type humidity sensing element and a high precision measuring temperature element, standard single bus interface, extra small body Long-pending, extremely low power consumption, uses the characteristic sensor and has in ring surveys module design:A) super fast response and strong antijamming capability；b) Super low energy consumption, long transmission distance；C) auto-calibration and digital monobus output.

Charge power supply chip uses DW06D using FM6316, battery protection chip in power module in this ring measurement equipment, leads to Cross and FM6316 chips actual welding is tested, and output voltage is bent during with oscillograph to the chip charging voltage curve, charging The measurement of output voltage curve when line and electric discharge, and make test comparison with other power supply chips, being found after interpretation of result should Chip disclosure satisfy that the requirement of module stability voltage supply, and circuit is simple, and energy consumption is low.

It is 8 successive approximation A/D converters that analog-to-digital conversion module uses AD0809, AD0809 in this ring measurement equipment.It is many Way switch can gate 8 analog channels, it is allowed to which 8 tunnel analog quantity timesharing inputs, shared A/D converter is changed.Ring surveys module Formaldehyde sensor and supply voltage are all needed by the conversion of AD0809 in design.

Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117.ASM1117 is the three linear mu balanced circuits that positive voltage exports low voltage difference, When 1A electric currents are exported, the voltage difference representative value of output is 3.3V.

Wireless communication module uses the wireless communication module of remote low-power consumption in the utility model, the radio communication Module hardware design includes：Power circuit, SX1278 radio frequency chips, STM8 single-chip microcomputers, crystal oscillating circuit, 434MHZ antennas, wherein , by SPI port communications, exploitation sets between SX1278 radio frequency chips and 434MHZ antennas for SX1278 radio frequency chips and STM8 single-chip microcomputers Meter radio circuit, specifically includes antenna circuit design, signal transmission circuit design, signal receiving circuit design.

Wireless communication module software programming is mainly entered including writing for SX1278 chip driver programs with Contiki systems Journey write and each level of Rime protocol stacks connection, driver flow include single-chip microprocessor MCU initialization, open total interruption, The self-inspection of SX1278 chip resets, SX1278 chip parameters set and SX1278 chips enter mode of operation.

Under Contiki systems process write and each level of Rime protocol stacks connection be mainly by learn and read The process for grasping Contiki systems is called, Rime protocol stacks according to each layer the order of connection, the user for learning call back function Method, successively develops, is linked in sequence, and the realization from single-hop unicast is final to realize that communication is arrived from group from point to points again to multi-hop multicast The realization of net function.

The utility model needs to carry out power circuit charge and discharge curve test in the design process：By oscillograph to charging Chip includes that TP5400, TP4056 enter with the output voltage ripple and charging voltage change curve of the FM6316 charging circuits of design Row measurement and contrast.Output voltage during to three kinds of charging voltage ripples of chip circuit, charging when output voltage ripple, electric discharge Ripple is measured, and the charging circuit performance to three kinds of charging chips is contrasted, charging chip used by test wrapper measurement equipment The charge-discharge performance of FM6316.

The flow chart of the utility model software programming such as Fig. 3, timer 0 and serial ports first to main control singlechip, The control port of AD0809 is initialized, and then sends data by main control singlechip and wireless communication module.

In terms of PCB design：Including：The design of power module circuitry plate, electricity quantity display module board design, Sensor module circuitry Interface design, D/A converter module board design, the design of wireless communication module electrical interface.

A) power module circuitry plate design

The positive pole of the charge port P2 of charging chip FM6316 is connected by network N etC7_2 with the pad 2 of electric capacity C7, electric capacity The pad 2 of C7 is connected with the pad 4 of FM6316, and the pad 7 of FM6316 is connected with the pad 1 of electric capacity C2, the pole of pad 1 and two of C2 The pad 2 of pipe D2 is connected, and the pad 2 of D2 is connected with the pad 2 of electric capacity C9, and the pad 2 of C9 is connected with the pad 2 of discharge port P1, The pad 2 of P1 is connected with the pad 2 of the controlling switch S1 of the power circuit part of main control singlechip, pad 1 and the electric capacity C10 of S1 Pad 2 connect, the pad 2 of C10 is connected with the pad 1 of electric capacity C11, and the pad 1 of electric capacity C11 connects with the pad 1 of resistance R10 Connect, the power supply VCC connections of the master control microcontroller of the pad 1 of R10.

B) electricity quantity display module board design

The pad 4 of electricity display chip LM324 is connected with the pad 1 of inductance L1, the pad 1 of L1 and the pad 1 of resistance R2 Connection, the pad 1 of R2 is connected with the pad 2 of electric capacity C8, and pad 2 is connected with the pad 5 of charging chip FM6316, while LM324 Pad 4 be connected with the positive pole B+ of battery；The pad 26 of the positive pole B+ and analog-digital chip AD0809 of battery is connected.

C) sensor module circuitry plate design

1. formaldehyde sensor

The pad 4 of formaldehyde sensor CGQ1 is connected with the pad 3 of slide rheostat R11, while the pad 3 of R11 is welded with it Disk 2 is connected, and is connected with the pad 27 of analog-digital chip AD0809.

2. Temperature Humidity Sensor

The pad 2 of Temperature Humidity Sensor MS1100 is connected with the pad 40 of master control microcontroller.

3.PM2.5 sensors

The pad 7 of PM2.5 sensors is connected with the pad 43 of main control chip, the pad 9 and main control chip of PM2.5 sensors Pad 42 connect.

4. sensor assembly power-supply service

The pad 1,3 of formaldehyde sensor CGQ1 and the pad 11 and voltage stabilizing chip of analog-digital chip AD0809 The pad 3 of ASM1117 is connected, and the pad 3 of ASM1117 is connected with the pad 1 of electric capacity C3, the pad 1 of C3 and the pad 2 of electric capacity C2 Connection, the pad 2 of C2 is connected with the pad 1 of PM2.5 sensors, and the pad 1 of Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected with resistance R10.

D) D/A converter module board design

The pad of the digital output pin of analog-digital chip AD0809 is connected with the I/O port pin of main control chip respectively, Pad 19 such as AD0809 is connected with the pad 25 of main control chip, and clock pins correspondence pad 10 connects with the pad 34 of main control chip Connect, output allows signal correspondence pad 9 to be connected with the pad 36 of main control chip, EOC signal correspondence pad 7 and master control core The pad 35 of piece is connected, and conversion starting signal corresponds to pad 6 and is connected with the pad 37 of main control chip, pad 27 and the cunning of AD0809 The pad 3 of dynamic rheostat R11 is connected, and the pad 3 of R11 is connected with the pad 4 of formaldehyde sensor CGQ1, the pad 26 of AD0809 Pad connection corresponding with the positive pole B+ of battery.

E) wireless communicaltion module access design

From the corresponding connection of pad 5 main control chip of the data receiver port of the remote low-consumption wireless communication module of research and development Pad 7, the corresponding pad 6 in data is activation port of wireless communication module is connected with the pad 5 of main control chip.

The utility model being subsequently tested, including：

(1) charging power source circuit test：Charging with oscillograph to charging chip TP5400, TP4056 and FM6316 Ripple voltage, charging output voltage ripple, electric discharge output voltage ripple are tested, and test flow chart is as shown in figure 14.First, Probe to oscillograph makees the test environment of compensating test and collocation channel.Secondly, then to the battery of three kinds of charging modules fill Piezoelectric voltage ripple is measured, the maxima and minima of recording voltage, is calculated pressure difference and is contrasted, and tests charging voltage Stability.In test TP5400 modular batteries charging output voltage output result is that maximum is 4.33V, and minimum value is 4.05V, pressure difference is 0.28V；TP4056 modular battery charging output voltage results are：Maximum：4.29V, minimum value：4.08V, Pressure difference is 0.21V；FM6316 modular battery charging output voltage output results are that maximum is 4.02V, and minimum value is 4.00V, Pressure difference is 0.02V.Output voltage ripple when being charged to three kinds of power modules again is measured, and records the maximum of output voltage The ability discharged in charging with minimum value, test power circuit.Output voltage result when TP5400 modules charge in testing It is that maximum is 5.01V, minimum value is 4.85V.Output voltage result is that maximum is 5.2V when TP4056 modules charge, minimum It is 5.06V to be worth.Output voltage output result maximum is 4.03V when FM6316 modules charge, and minimum value is 4.01V.It is finally right Voltage output ripple voltage is measured when three kinds of power circuits discharge, output voltage output during TP5400 module discharges in test As a result maximum is 5.74V, and minimum value is 5.02V；Output voltage output result maximum is during TP4056 module discharges 5.18V, minimum value is 5.07V；Output voltage result maximum is 5.45V during FM6316 module discharges, and minimum value is 4.51V.

(2) programming and debugging：

Ring survey program of device is write and is debugged and mainly realize each sensing data collection and AD0809 PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95)s biography in fact Sensor and electric quantity of power supply correctly change display, for testing the stability of sensor data acquisition and display in real time.

Programming leads to mainly in combination with the hardware configuration of main control singlechip STC12c5a60s2 and the communication mode of sensor The corresponding registers and timer of configuration single-chip microcomputer are crossed, with D/A converter module AD0809 to supply voltage and formaldehyde sensor Analog quantity be converted to digital quantity, and serial ports and wireless communication module using single-chip microcomputer sends to packet.

According to the basic flow sheet of air quality detecting device software programming, main control singlechip and radio communication are write respectively Module is transmitted in the program of each sensing data and power module data, and burned single-chip microcomputer, after proving program is qualified.Enter One step writes single-chip microcomputer transmission sensor, power integrated module data, and the experimental debugging on the printed circuit board (PCB) of module is final to compile Write the program for debugging out data acquisition display stabilization.

Operation principle of the present utility model is as follows：

(1) digital-to-analogue conversion

Analog quantity is converted into the process referred to as analog-to-digital conversion of digital quantity, referred to as A/D conversions, A/D conversions to include sampling, Keep, quantify, encode four partial circuits, analog signal obtains sampled signal through over-sampling circuit, in order to guarantee to believe from sampling Original signal is recovered in number, it is necessary to meet condition f_s≥2f_i(max), wherein f_sIt is sample frequency, f_i(max) for analog signal most The frequency of higher harmonic components.Quantization refers to that analog signal range is divided into many discrete magnitudes, coding is to each magnitude point With unique digital code.

In the design of environmental quality detection module, formaldehyde sensor and supply voltage conversion are all using the original of analog-to-digital conversion Reason.

(2) monobus communication mode

Monobus refer to main frame and slave by way of single line is communicated, monobus communication process includes initial Change, write gap, read three, gap process, reset pulse and slave transponder pulse are included in initialization procedure, main frame is by drawing Low monobus produces reset pulse, then discharges bus and enters reception pattern, and low transition can be produced during main frame release bus It is the rising edge of high level, after monobus detects rising edge, monobus drags down bus to produce from chance for a period of time for time delay Transponder pulse, main frame receives the transponder pulse of slave, and writing gap includes the time slot write 0 with write 1, when data wire is dragged down Afterwards, data wire is sampled in the time window of 15~60us, if data wire is low level, exactly writes 0；If data Line is high level, exactly writes 1.

In the design of environmental quality detection module, Temperature Humidity Sensor is different from formaldehyde sensor and PM2.5 sensors Communication mode, using the communication mode of monobus.

(3) spread spectrum

Spread spectrum is the technology that a kind of utilization information processing improves transmission performance, the basic thought and theoretical foundation of spread spectrum communication It is shannon formula, C=B log2 (1+S/N), C refer to channel capacity, and B is that the limiting value of chip rate (points out B by Nyquist =2H, H are channel width, unit Baud)；S is signal power (watt), and N is noise power (watt).Rate simultaneously eliminates interference, i.e., The terminal of different frequency expansion sequences is sent and will not also interfered simultaneously using identical frequency.

Radio frequency chip SX1278 chips use the spread spectrum in wireless communication module, and this causes the end of different frequency expansion sequences Even if end is sent using identical frequency and will not also interfered simultaneously.Concentrator/the gateway researched and developed on this basis can be simultaneously Row is received and processes the data of multiple nodes, extends power system capacity.Range finding and positioning function based on the technology will be promoted It Internet of Things field large-scale application, it is possible thereby to progressively further investigation development.

Compared to the content introduced in background technology, the utility model is small to being detected ambient influnence；Sensor network is gathered Data volume is big, high precision, low cost；Cordless communication network can be combined with sensor network, be useful in unattended Remote detection.Therefore, the Intelligent information acquisition and data to environmental quality can be realized by the research and development of the testing equipment Transmission, it is also possible to by the equipment application in industrial site, building, outdoor length and breadth of land environment etc. some be not easy to wiring Occasion, the convenience of enhancing environmental quality detection reduces use cost simultaneously.Meanwhile, in order to avoid asking that sensor node brings Topic, invents in the design of ring measurement equipment and applies a kind of wireless communication module of remote low-power consumption, and develop Contiki Rime protocol stacks program under operating system, realizes the function need of energy-conservation and MANET on the basis of telecommunication transmission is met Ask.

Specifically, the beneficial effect of the environmental detection set design of (1) based on low power loss communication network and sensor integration Really：Can be integrated within one device by formaldehyde, humiture, PM2.5 Concentration Testings by the design of the environmental detection set, it is real Existing this three item datas Indexs measure it is convenient, while this ring survey device global design it is compact can be placed on residenter house, laboratory, Factory building, laboratory and some be not easy to wiring place；It is sensor and related chip high precision in environmental detection set, steady Qualitative strong, low cost, realizes the high performance-price ratio of whole equipment design, is adapted to the application of large area.(2) software programming exploitation has Beneficial effect：The logical construction of optimization software programming, an extraction sensor and other functions module data in ring surveys device design In useful data division, simplify agreement, the energy of sensor node can be saved, it is ensured that ring is surveyed device and run for a long time, The characteristics of time delay of sensing data, the efficiency and real-time of guarantee data transmission can be reduced simultaneously.(3) with remote low The beneficial effect of energy wireless communication module：Ring surveys device can be by sensing data with low transmitting with the wireless communication module Power obtains wider array of transmission range and distance, and the single gateway of the wireless communication module or base station can cover hundreds of squares of public affairs In scope, realize ring survey device sensing data remote transmitting-receiving.

For the technical scheme that the present embodiment is used, also other schemes can conduct on parts selection and hardware design Substitute：

(1) power supply chip

Charge power supply chip uses FM6316 in the present apparatus, can be replaced using chip TP5400 and TP4056, passes through Power supply test understands that the difference of TP5400 output voltage maxima and minimas is 0.28V, and the difference of TP4056 is 0.21V, Although FM6316 chips difference is very much 0.02V, two kinds of charging chips all can reach same charging effect with FM6316.

(2) software program

In the Software for Design during the ring surveys device, it would however also be possible to employ program below replaces, two kinds of design sensors are adopted The collection result that obtains of data is identical, and more the step of alternative program, the resource occupation to single-chip microcomputer internal memory is bigger.

Key technology point of the present utility model is：

(1) related sensor and chip type selecting in environmental detection set design：The main purpose that the present invention is realized is to set Meter can accurately, Real-time Collection and transmit the testing equipment of sensing data, and to ensure that design cost is low, function expansibility By force, node energy utilization rate is high, related sensor and chip selection be equipment purpose of design realize primary key point, according to dress The functional requirement and overall architecture put, contrast different sensors and chip model the characteristics of selecting module to be used it is chip-shaped Number.

(2) test of charging power modules：Need to test charging power source circuit in the design of environmental quality detection means, lead to Cross oscillograph to the charging voltage ripple of different charging chips, charge when output voltage ripple, electric discharge when output voltage ripple enter Row measurement, the charge-discharge characteristic of the different chips of analysis contrast, selects the charging chip that burning voltage can be provided for detection module.

(3) drafting of circuit theory diagrams and the design of printed panel：Design environment quality detection device, in selected basic biography On the premise of sensor and related chip, the communication mode of handbook, sensor with reference to main control singlechip, other module chips should With explanation, the connected mode to modules is designed, and then draws detection module circuit theory diagrams and pcb board, among these Constantly to weld the effect that test board sees each module data transmission, the environmental quality based on cordless communication network and sensor integration Detection means design be exactly follow such method design sensor assembly, main control module, power module, electricity quantity display module, Voltage stabilizing module, D/A converter module AD0809, the connection circuit of wireless communication module and the design of printed circuit board (PCB).

(4) functions of modules is realized in software programming：In order to realize that ring surveys device by the useful part of sensor gathered data bag It is accurate real-time to send host computer to, it is to be understood that the byte number where the data packet format of each sensor and required data, It should be understood that the operation principle of digital-to-analogue conversion AD0809 modulus of conversion analog quantity, in ring survey device design：Temperature Humidity Sensor is used DHT22, after its communication mode uses single bus mode, main control module to send commencing signal to the connecting interface with DHT22, DHT22 sends response signal, sends out the data of 40bit, triggers a signal acquisition, and good main control singlechip need to be used in programming Clock frequency and the setting of delay function time, do not collect data easily otherwise；PM2.5 sensors use PSX7003, its Data are surrounded by 32 bytes, and what is used in module is the concentration of PM2.5, are the seven, the eight byte datas in packet, during programming Needs extract this partial data；D/A converter module AD0809 PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95)s sensor and power supply are completed during software programming The conversion of electricity analog quantity, host computer is transferred a packet to finally by main control singlechip and wireless communication module.

(5) in low-power consumption spread spectrum radio communication module emission of radio frequency signals receiving circuit design, it is ensured that ring survey device in The signal transmission quality and signal emission effciency of sensing data transmitting, are that ring surveys the low-power consumption of device data transfer and remote Play Main Function.

The above is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, rather than its limitations；Although it should be pointed out that with reference to upper Each embodiment is stated to be described in detail the utility model, it will be understood by those within the art that, it still can be with Technical scheme described in the various embodiments described above is modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are equally replaced Change；And these modifications and replacement, the essence of corresponding technical scheme is departed from each embodiment technical scheme of the utility model Scope.

Claims

1. the environmental detection set of low power loss communication network and sensor integration technology is based on, it is characterised in that including master control mould Block, power module, formaldehyde sensor module, Temperature Humidity Sensor module, PM2.5 sensor assemblies, Voltage stabilizing module, digital-to-analogue conversion Module, wireless communication module：

Main control module is single-chip microcomputer,

The input pin of Voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power pins of main control module single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer is powered for it, while logical The output pin for crossing voltage stabilizing chip is connected with wireless communication module, is that 3.3V is wireless communication module power supply by 5V voltage conversions,

Analog quantity is converted to digital quantity and sends single-chip microcomputer to by formaldehyde sensor module with power module by D/A converter module,

2. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 1, its It is characterised by, the chip that the main control module is used is STC12c5a60s2；Formaldehyde sensor uses MS1100；Temperature and humidity sensing Device uses digital Temperature and Humidity compound sensor AM2302；PM2.5 concentration measuring sensors use the digital particulate matters of PMS7003 Concentration sensor；Power module is charging power modules, including lithium cell charging chip FM6316GE, Li battery protection IC DW06D, electricity display chip LM324, TL431；Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117；D/A converter module uses AD0809.

3. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its It is characterised by, the formaldehyde sensor uses MS1100, the signal output pin DO of formaldehyde sensor MS1100 to connect resistance and be The analog input channel of one end ground connection of the slide rheostat R11, R11 of 100K, the other end and D/A converter module AD0809 IN1 is connected；Power pins VCC and grounding pin GND connect power supply and ground respectively.

4. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its It is characterised by, the Temperature Humidity Sensor is using digital Temperature and Humidity compound sensor AM2302, Temperature Humidity Sensor DHT22 letters Number output pin SDA is connected with the I/O port P0.3 of main control singlechip；Pin NC is empty；Power pins VCC and grounding pin GND points Power supply and ground are not connect.

5. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its It is characterised by, PM2.5 concentration measuring sensors use the digital particle concentration sensors of PMS7003, PM2.5 sensors The power pins 1 and 2 of PMS7003 meet power supply VCC；Pin 2 and 4 is grounded GND；Module resets pin RESET, pin set end SET is empty；Serial ports receives pin RXD and is connected with the serial ports transmission pin TXD of main control singlechip serial ports 2, and serial ports sends pin TXD Pin RXD is received with the serial ports of main control singlechip serial ports 2 to be connected.

6. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its It is characterised by, power module is charging power modules, including lithium cell charging chip FM6316GE, Li battery protection IC DW06D, electricity display chip LM324, TL431, the input current maximum adjustment end OC of charging chip FM6316 is with resistance One end connection of the resistance R3 of 15K, resistance other end ground connection；Charging indication end CHRG connects with the negative pole of LED 3 Connect, with the positive pole and resistance of LED 1 for the resistance R4 of 3K is connected, the negative pole of LED1 is grounded the positive pole of LED3, R4 Another termination charge port P2 one end；Power supply VCC with capacitance for one end of the electric capacity C7 of 10uF is connected, fill by another termination of C7 The other end of power port P2 is simultaneously grounded；Battery charging input end BAT connects anode and capacitance for the electric capacity C8 of 10uF is connected, C8 The other end ground connection；With resistance for the resistance R7 of 2K is connected, the other end of R7 is grounded charging current adjustment end PROG；Power switch Positive pole, the capacitance scope of output end LX and Schottky diode D2 are the inductance of 3.3uH in electric capacity C2 one end of 1-3.3nF, value One end connection of L1, the other end of C2 is connected with the negative pole of D2, another termination anode of L1；The VOUT connections of boosting output end Negative pole one end electric capacity C2 and Schottky diode D2 in parallel, and this termination 5V voltage, one end and the capacitance of discharge port P1 are One end connection of the electric capacity C9 of 47uF, the other end ground connection of C9, P1；

Charge power supply protection chip DW06D electric currents sensing input pin V- is connected with the resistance R1 that resistance is 1K, the other end of R1 Ground connection；Charging negative pole end S1 is grounded；S2 is connected with earth terminal VSS, and this end and capacitance for the electric capacity C1 of 0.1uF one end, The negative pole connection of battery；One end of the other end of C1 and positive supply input pin VDD and resistance R2 that resistance is 100 Ω connect Connect, another termination anode of R2, anode B+ is connected with the analog input channel IN0 of AD0809；

The power pins of chip LM324 are connected with the one end for the resistance R12 that resistance is 2.2K, while the positive pole B+ of this end and battery Connection, the other end of R12 be connected with Ref the and Cath pins of chip TL431 and this end and chip LM324 pin 2,6,9,13 Connection, the Ano pins of TL431 are connected with GND B-；The pin 3 of chip LM324 is the one of the resistance R17 of 4.7K with resistance End connection, while this end is connected with the one end for the resistance R16 that resistance is 510 Ω, the other end of R17 is connected with positive source B+； The pin 1 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED5 of light emitting diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED5；The pin 7 of TL431 and luminous two The positive pole connection of the LED6 of pole pipe, the negative pole ground connection of LED6；The pin 8 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED7 of light emitting diode, The negative pole ground connection of LED7；The pin 14 of TL431 is connected with the positive pole of the LED8 of light emitting diode, the negative pole ground connection of LED8；Pin 12 are connected with the resistance R13 that resistance is 10K, while this end is connected with resistance R14 one end that resistance is 510 Ω, the other end of R13 Ground connection；Pin 10 is connected with the other end of R14, while this end is connected with the resistance R15 that resistance is 510 Ω, the other end of R15 with The other end connection of pin 5 and R16.

7. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its Be characterised by, Voltage stabilizing module uses ASM1117, the pin VIN of voltage stabilizing chip ASM1117 and capacitance for the electric capacity C5 of 0.1uF and Capacitance is one end connection of the parallel network of the electric capacity C3 of 22uF, while the power supply VCC of this termination power module, parallel network is another One end is grounded GND；Signal output pin VOUT is with capacitance for the electric capacity C4 and capacitance of 10uF are the electric capacity C6 parallel networks of 0.1uF One end connection, while this end is connected with 3.3V voltages, the other end of parallel network is grounded；Pin GND is grounded.

8. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its It is characterised by, D/A converter module uses the address lock of AD0809, conversion starting signal control end ST and address latch decoder Deposit permission input line control end ALE to be connected with the I/O port P0.0 of main control module STC12c5a60s2, the ground of address latch decoder Location signal control end A is connected with the I/O port P0.4 of main control module, and address signal control end B and C ground connection acquiescence low level, output are permitted Perhaps signal OE is connected with I/O port P0.1, and EOC control end EOC is connected with I/O port P0.2, clock control signal input control end CLK is connected by single-chip microcomputer for it provides clock frequency with I/O port P1.0, and digital output end D0-D7 and I/O port P2.0-P2.7 connects Connect.

9. the environmental detection set based on low power loss communication network Yu sensor integration technology according to claim 2, its Be characterised by, the wireless communication module include power circuit, SX1278 radio frequency chips, STM8 single-chip microcomputers, crystal oscillating circuit, 434MHZ antennas, wherein SX1278 radio frequency chips and STM8 single-chip microcomputers pass through SPI port communications, SX1278 radio frequency chips and 434MHZ Radio circuit is provided between antenna, by SPI port communications between SX1278 radio frequency chips and STM8 single-chip microcomputers, SX1278's is serial Data-out pin MISO is connected with the pin PD2 of STM8 single-chip microcomputers, the pin PD1 of serial data output pin MOSI and STM8 Connection, shift clock pin SCK is connected with the pin PD3 of STM8, and the slave unit of Low level effective enables signal NSS and STM8's Pin PD0 is connected；

The pin XTA of SX1278 radio frequency chips connects the pin 2 of crystal oscillator XTAL, while pin 2 is the electricity of 15pF with capacitance Hold C2 connections, the other end ground connection of C2；The pin 1 of the pin XTB and crystal oscillator XTAL of SX1278 radio frequency chips is connected, together When pin 1 and capacitance be connected for the electric capacity C1 of 15pF, the other end of C1 is grounded；The pin 2 and pin 4 of crystal oscillator XTAL connect Ground；

Radio frequency chip SX1278 and 434MHZ Antenna Design radio circuits, radio circuit specifically include antenna circuit, signal transmitting Circuit, signal receiving circuit：SX1278 chips maximum transmission power port PA_BOOST connections inductance L1 in signal transmission circuit, The L1 other ends are connected with electric capacity C11 with electric capacity C12 parallel connections one end, and electric capacity C11 other ends ground connection, the C12 other ends are gone here and there with inductance L3 Connection, the inductance L3 other ends are connected with parallel circuit one end of inductance L4, electric capacity C13, and the other end of inductance L4 connects with electric capacity C14 again Connect, while this end connects the RF2 ports of duplexer, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C13, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C14；Signal SX1278 chips RFI_LF ports connection electric capacity C15, inductance L5 in receiving circuit, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C15, inductance L5's Other end connection capacitance is the RF1 ports of another termination duplexer of the electric capacity C16, C16 of 47pF；Antenna is opened in antenna circuit Connect an electric capacity C17 for pass RFC ports, and electric capacity C17 is connected with antenna, constitutes a general aerial network circuit；

The pin VBAT2 of radio frequency chip SX1278, the pin VDD1 of single-chip microcomputer STM8, pin VDDA and pin VDD2 composition nothing The port 6 of line communication module；The grounding pin GND of radio frequency chip SX1278, the pin VSS1 of single-chip microcomputer STM8 and pin VSS2 And the earth terminal of other devices constitutes the port 4 of wireless communication module；The pin PC3 correspondence radio communication molds of single-chip microcomputer STM8 The data is activation port TXD-WX of block；The data receiver port RXD- of the pin PC2 correspondence wireless communication modules of single-chip microcomputer STM8 The port 6 of WX, wherein wireless communication module connects the port that Voltage stabilizing module provides 3.3V voltages, and port 4 is grounded, wireless communication module The serial ports of port TXD-WX and the serial ports 1 of main control singlechip receives pin RXD and be connected, the port RXD-WX of wireless communication module and The serial data of main control singlechip serial ports 1 sends pin TXD connections.