CN206223590U - A kind of potato root pressure and transpiration pull measurement system - Google Patents
A kind of potato root pressure and transpiration pull measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206223590U CN206223590U CN201621354922.3U CN201621354922U CN206223590U CN 206223590 U CN206223590 U CN 206223590U CN 201621354922 U CN201621354922 U CN 201621354922U CN 206223590 U CN206223590 U CN 206223590U
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- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 52
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003511 endothelial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000473 mesophyll cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037039 plant physiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of potato root pressure and transpiration pull measurement system, using the glass tube that can be sealed, one section of air is sealed with watertight, the other end connects the section of axis, and plant transpiration heat absorbing glass inner air tube volume increase, pressure diminishes, or plant bleeding under the effect of root pressure, inner air tube volume reduces, and pressure becomes big, further according to equation for ideal gases（Clapyron Equation）Calculate transpiration pull or root pressure.The utility model simple structure, low manufacture cost is simple to operate, and the root that can simultaneously measure same plant using two covering devices is pressed and rising pressure, the water suction power total so as to calculate plant, and the measuring system can also realize field measurement in addition.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a plant physiology experimental apparatus, specifically speaking are devices that can survey potato root pressure and transpiration pulling force.
Background
Transpiration is a process of water loss from the surface of a plant body (mainly leaves) to the atmosphere in a water vapor state, and is not only influenced by external environmental conditions but also regulated and controlled by the plant itself, unlike the evaporation process of physics, so that it is a complex physiological process. The physiological significance of transpiration is as follows: 1. transpiration is a major driving force for the absorption and transportation of moisture by plants, namely, transpiration tension. 2. Because mineral salts are dissolved in water to be absorbed by plants and run in the body, transpiration is a motive force for water absorption and flow, and therefore, minerals are absorbed and distributed into various parts of the plant body along with the water absorption and flow. 3. Transpiration can reduce the temperature of the leaves. When sunlight irradiates the blades, most energy is converted into heat energy, and the transpiration can reduce the temperature of the blades and avoid the blades from being burnt.
Transpiration pull is a force that causes a series of water potential gradients due to plant transpiration, raising the water in the duct. When the air hole is opened, mesophyll cells near the lower cavity of the air hole lose water due to transpiration, the water potential is reduced, so that water is deprived from adjacent cells, the water-lost cells obtain water from another cell beside the cells, and then a series of water potential gradients are formed from the lower cavity of the air hole to the vein duct, then to the duct of the petiole and stem, and finally to the root system duct, so that the root system absorbs water from the external soil environment. This force is due entirely to transpiration from the leaves and does not require the consumption of metabolic energy, and is therefore considered to be a passive, and primary means of water uptake by plants.
Root pressure refers to the physiological process of the plant's movement of water up the xylem with concentration differences by consuming energy and by actively absorbing ions. Root pressure is the second process of providing power for the flow of water against gravity in addition to the transpiration effect of the plant body. Water and ions dissolved therein reach the endothelial layer of the root through the apoplast, are blocked by the Kjeldahl zone between cells of the endothelial layer, and cannot freely diffuse to the inner surface. Endothelial cells carry carrier proteins that selectively carry ions. The ions then pass from the apoplast pathway to the symplast pathway. The ion is transported in a reverse concentration, and ATP is consumed by plants to complete the process. As a result of the movement of the ions, the ion concentration of the inner cortex is higher than that of the outer surface. The water will naturally flow with the concentration gradient towards the center pillar, enter the xylem and be directed upwards towards other organs of the plant.
In the case of high humidity and weak transpiration (early morning or night), the root-pressed plant is established, and the xylem water seeps out through the drainage holes at the tracheids at the tail end of the leaf-edge vascular bundle, which is indicated as the presence of water drops at the edge of the leaf, and the phenomenon is called water spitting. The phenomenon of bleeding refers to a phenomenon in which liquid overflows from injured or broken plant tissues, and when the stem of a plant is cut off transversely and left to stand for two to three minutes, it is found that the cross section is full of water drops. The exuded sap is a bleeding fluid. Different plants have different bleeding degrees, the cucurbitaceae plants have more bleeding liquid, and the rice, the wheat and the like are less. The physiological activity of the root system of the same plant in different seasons, the effective absorption area of the root system and the like directly influence the amount of bleeding sap. Both the water and the bleeding indicate the presence of root pressure.
The root pressure is generally lower, the root pressure of most plants is 0.05-0.5MPa, and the root pressure of some woody plants and grapes is higher. Under normal conditions, the function of root pressure on plants is limited, and when leaves are not unfolded in spring, the root pressure formed by active water absorption of plants with weak transpiration functions becomes the main water absorption power. All factors influencing the physiological activities of the plant root system can influence the water absorption of the root pressure action of the plant root system.
In summary, the root pressure and the transpiration tension of the plant are two main driving forces for the plant to absorb water, so the root pressure and the transpiration tension need to be measured in the research of the fields of plant water absorption, drought resistance, water-saving irrigation and the like. However, no convenient and sensitive measuring instrument exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the not enough of prior art, the utility model provides a potato root is pressed and transpiration pulling force survey system adopts the glass pipe that can seal, live one section air with the water seal, and the section of plant stem is connected to the other end. The plant transpiration absorbs the air volume in the glass tube to increase, the pressure intensity becomes smaller, or the plant hurts the flow under the action of the root pressure, the air volume in the glass tube decreases, the pressure intensity becomes larger, and the transpiration pulling force or the root pressure is calculated according to an ideal gas equation (Kerabarong equation).
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a potato root pressure and transpiration pull determination system, comprising: a fixing mechanism and an assay device, the fixing mechanism comprising: a measuring table, a stem fixer and a level meter; the assay device comprises: glass tube, valve 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, storage water tank, thermometer, rubber tube, rubber sleeve. The stem fixator, the gradienter and the measuring device are all arranged on the measuring table; the rubber sleeve, the valve 3, the rubber tube, the valve 4, the water storage tank, the valve 1, the glass tube and the valve 2 are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the glass tube is provided with uniform scales, the volume of the gas can be read, the inner diameter of the glass tube can enable water to form a water column in the glass tube according to the surface tension of the water, and the calculated inner diameter is preferably 0.1-50 mm.
Preferably, the measuring table is a folding small table, and the table legs can be extended and contracted to adjust the height.
Preferably, the rubber sleeve is made of elastic rubber and can seal the section of the stem.
Preferably, the outlet of the valve 3 is connectable to a syringe.
Preferably, the stem fixer is a metal bracket, and the cut plant branches are fixed through bolts.
Preferably, the thermometer is placed beside the glass tube and measures the experimental temperature.
Preferably, the glass tube can be further provided with a small hole at one end, and a rubber ring of the thermometer sleeve can be inserted into the small hole to directly measure the temperature of the gas in the glass tube.
Preferably, the glass tube can be further provided with a temperature sensor at the inner side of one end of the glass tube, and a lead is used for penetrating through the wall of the glass tube and connecting an electronic thermometer to measure the temperature of air in the tube.
Preferably, the glass tube can be placed in an incubator to keep the temperature of the glass tube constant.
A method for measuring root pressure and transpiration tension of potatoes comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparation of the experiment: the plant root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system is brought to a greenhouse or a field, and the height of the measuring table is adjusted to be equivalent to the cross section of the stem to be intercepted.
(2) Water injection through a glass tube: the one end of 2 valves of glass pipe is handed, makes the glass pipe vertical, ties up the rubber sleeve with the string, and valve 3 is connected to the reuse syringe, opens valve 2, and the intraductal water injection of glass is gone up to the surface of water with the syringe and is stopped to glass pipe 2/3 department, closes valve 2 simultaneously.
(3) Connecting the cross section of the plant stem: slightly cutting off the stem of the plant to be detected to flatten the section, sleeving a rubber sleeve on the section, and winding the rubber sleeve on the section for a plurality of weeks by using a sealing film to ensure that the sealing film is well sealed; untying the string for tying the rubber sleeve; the contact part of the rubber sleeve and the plant section is filled with water.
(4) And (4) observation: the glass tube is horizontally placed to be equal to the plant section in height, the gas volume and the gas temperature are observed and recorded, and the plant transpires to consume water and expand the gas volume under the action of transpiration pulling force; under the action of root pressure, the cross section of the plant stem is damaged, water in the glass tube is increased, and the volume of gas is reduced; the gas volume and temperature were recorded until equilibrium (gas volume no longer changed).
(5) And (3) calculating: before measurement, the air in the glass tube is atmospheric pressure, and can be known according to the local altitude of the experiment; the gas in the glass tube meets the condition of ideal gas, and the amount of gas substances in the glass tube is not changed, so that the pressure of the gas in the glass tube before and after measurement can be calculated according to the volume and the temperature twice (the glass tube can be placed in a constant temperature box, so that the temperature is not changed), the pressure difference is root pressure and transpiration tension, and the calculation formula is as follows:
PV=nRT
wherein,
p-is the gas pressure in the glass tube, and the unit is Pa;
v-is the volume of gas in the glass tube, and the unit is m3
n-is the amount of gas substance in the glass tube, and the unit is mol;
r-is constant, the sum of the values is 8.31 Pa.m3·mol-1·K-1
T-is the gas temperature in the glass tube, and the unit is K.
Has the advantages that: the utility model discloses simple structure, the cost of manufacture is low, easy operation adopts two sets of devices can the simultaneous measurement root pressure and the transpiration pressure of same plant to calculate the total power of absorbing water of plant, this measurement system can also realize the field measurement in addition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a system for measuring root pressure and transpiration tension of potatoes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the thermometer connection of a potato root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of a temperature sensor of a potato root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a system for measuring root pressure and transpiration tension of potato according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the system for measuring root pressure and transpiration tension of potato of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings and described in accordance with the same are merely exemplary and the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details that are not relevant are omitted.
Example 1
This example provides a potato root pressure and transpiration tension measurement system, as shown in fig. 1, which includes: a fixing mechanism and an assay device, the fixing mechanism comprising: a measuring table 9, a stem fixer 7 and a level gauge 10; the assay device comprises: glass tube 12, valve 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, storage water tank 5, thermometer 8, rubber tube 11, rubber sleeve 6. The stem holder 7, the level gauge 10 and the measuring device are all placed on a measuring table; the rubber sleeve 6, the valve 3, the rubber tube 11, the valve 4, the water storage tank 5, the valve 1, the glass tube 12 and the valve 2 are connected in sequence.
Furthermore, the glass tube 12 is provided with uniform scales to read the volume of the gas, and the inner diameter of the glass tube 12 can enable water to form a water column in the glass tube 12 according to the surface tension of the water, and the inner diameter is preferably 0.1-50mm through calculation.
Further, the measuring table 9 is a small folding table, and the table legs can be extended and retracted to adjust the height.
Further, the rubber sleeve 6 is made of elastic rubber and can seal the cross section of the stem.
Further, the outlet of the valve 3 can be connected to a syringe.
Further, the stem fixer 7 is a metal bracket, and the cut plant branches are fixed by bolts.
Further, the thermometer 8 is placed beside the glass tube 12 to measure the experimental temperature.
Further, the glass tube 12 may be placed in an oven to keep the temperature of the glass tube 12 constant.
As shown in the attached figure 2, the glass tube can be also provided with a small hole at one end, and a rubber ring sleeved on the thermometer 8 can be plugged into the small hole to directly measure the temperature of the gas in the glass tube 8.
As shown in figure 3, the glass tube can be further provided with a temperature sensor 13 at the inner side of one end of the glass tube, and a lead is used for penetrating through the wall of the glass tube and connecting an electronic thermometer 14 to measure the temperature of air in the tube.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for measuring root pressure and transpiration tension of potatoes, which comprises the following operation steps as shown in figures 4 and 5:
(1) preparation of the experiment: the above-mentioned plant root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system is brought into a greenhouse or field, and the height of the measuring table 9 is adjusted so as to make it equal to the cross section of the stem to be cut.
(2) Water injection through a glass tube: one end of the glass tube valve 2 is held by hand, the glass tube 9 is vertical, the rubber sleeve 6 is tied by a string, the valve 3 is connected by an injector, the valve 2 is opened, water is injected into the glass tube 9 by the injector until the water surface rises to the glass tube 2/3, and the valve 2 is closed.
(3) Connecting the cross section of the plant stem: gently cutting off the stem of the plant to be detected to flatten the section, sleeving the rubber sleeve 6 on the section, and winding the rubber sleeve on the section for several weeks by using a sealing film to ensure that the sealing film is well sealed; the string tying the elastic sleeve 6 is untied; the contact part of the rubber sleeve 6 and the plant section is filled with water.
(4) And (4) observation: the glass tube 12 is horizontally placed to be equal to the height of the plant section, the gas volume and the gas temperature are observed and recorded, and the plant transpires to consume water and expand the gas volume under the action of transpiration pulling force; under the action of root pressure, the cross section of the plant stem is damaged, water in the glass tube 12 is increased, and the volume of gas is reduced; the gas volume and temperature were recorded until equilibrium (gas volume no longer changed).
(5) And (3) calculating: before measurement, the air in the glass tube 12 is atmospheric pressure, and can be known according to the local altitude of the experiment; the gas in the glass tube 12 meets the condition of ideal gas, and the amount of the gas in the glass tube 12 does not change, so that the pressure of the gas in the glass tube 12 before and after measurement can be calculated according to the volume and the temperature of the glass tube twice (the glass tube can be placed in a constant temperature box, so that the temperature is not changed), the pressure difference is the root pressure and the transpiration pulling force, and the calculation formula is as follows:
PV=nRT
wherein,
p-is the gas pressure in the glass tube, and the unit is Pa;
v-is the volume of gas in the glass tube, and the unit is m3
n-is the amount of gas substance in the glass tube, and the unit is mol;
r-is constant, the sum of the values is 8.31 Pa.m3·mol-1·K-1
T-is the gas temperature in the glass tube, and the unit is K.
To sum up, the utility model provides a potato root is pressed and transpiration pulling force survey system adopts the glass pipe that can seal, live one section air with the water seal, and the section of plant stem is connected to the other end. The plant transpiration absorbs the air volume in the glass tube to increase, the pressure intensity becomes smaller, or the plant hurts the flow under the action of the root pressure, the air volume in the glass tube decreases, the pressure intensity becomes larger, and the transpiration pulling force or the root pressure is calculated according to an ideal gas equation (Kerabarong equation).
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present application and it is noted that numerous modifications and adaptations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application and are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A potato root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system is characterized by comprising: a fixing mechanism and an assay device, the fixing mechanism comprising: a measuring table, a stem fixer and a level meter; the assay device comprises: the device comprises a glass tube, a valve 1, a valve 2, a valve 3, a valve 4, a water storage tank, a thermometer, a rubber tube and a rubber sleeve; the stem fixator, the gradienter and the measuring device are all arranged on the measuring table; the rubber sleeve, the valve 3, the rubber tube, the valve 4, the water storage tank, the valve 1, the glass tube and the valve 2 are connected in sequence.
2. The potato root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system according to claim 1, wherein an outlet of the valve 3 is connectable to a syringe.
3. The potato root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the glass tube may be provided with a small hole at one end thereof, and a thermometer sleeve and a rubber ring can be inserted into the small hole to directly measure the temperature of the gas in the glass tube.
4. The potato root pressure and transpiration tension measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the glass tube is further provided with a temperature sensor at an inner side of one end thereof, and a lead wire is passed through the wall of the glass tube and connected with an electronic thermometer to measure the temperature of air in the tube.
5. The potato root pressure and transpiration tension determination system of claim 1, wherein the glass tube is placed in an incubator so that the temperature of the glass tube is constant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621354922.3U CN206223590U (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2016-12-12 | A kind of potato root pressure and transpiration pull measurement system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621354922.3U CN206223590U (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2016-12-12 | A kind of potato root pressure and transpiration pull measurement system |
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| CN206223590U true CN206223590U (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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| CN201621354922.3U Expired - Fee Related CN206223590U (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2016-12-12 | A kind of potato root pressure and transpiration pull measurement system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106483038A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-03-08 | 甘肃农业大学 | Plant roots pressure and transpiration pull analyzer and its assay method |
| CN107493780A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 遵义百草谷药业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the fleece-flower root |
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2016
- 2016-12-12 CN CN201621354922.3U patent/CN206223590U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106483038A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-03-08 | 甘肃农业大学 | Plant roots pressure and transpiration pull analyzer and its assay method |
| CN107493780A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 遵义百草谷药业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the fleece-flower root |
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Granted publication date: 20170606 Termination date: 20171212 |