CN206135417U - Full frequency spectrum electric -power active filter of new construction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a does full frequency spectrum electric -power active filter of new construction contain harmonic transformer XBa primary XBa 1 with the LC series connection harmonic separation circuit that condenser ca constitutes, characterized by: the method of separating pure harmonic, be utilize that the induction reactance of inductor and frequency are directly proportional, characteristic that the capacitive reactance of condenser and frequency were inversely proportional to, the non -sinusoidal waveform voltage ua that contains the harmonic with on LC current circuit, can be the primary XBa of harmonic transformer at inductance L just 1 on isolate the pure harmonic voltage ux of high -frequency, isolate low -frequency fundamental wave voltage uc on condenser ca, because coil XBa 1, XBa 2 each other be reverse and connecting, the magnetic flux that makes fundamental current I1, I2 produce in the harmonic transformer offsets mutually, the power frequency reactance vanishing of two coils, two coil pair fundamental waves present the zero -pressure and fall, fundamental wave voltage just all the descending on electric capacity ca to reach the clean separation of pure harmonic and fundamental wave.
Description
First, art
The present invention relates to a kind of new device that can filter all each harmonics of power system entire spectrum, this device employing
Simple and effective harmonic wave separation technology --- LC connects harmonic wave separation method.This is that one kind does not need inversion, utilizes harmonic wave completely
Energy itself comes the active filter of harmonic carcellation itself, category harmonic wave control and field of energy-saving technology.
2nd, background technology
From electrical equipment, the principal contradiction for affecting grid voltage waveform quality is non-linear use to harmonic wave in power system
Electric equipment, that is to say, that non-linear electrical equipment is main harmonic source, when power system is powered to non-linear equipment, these
Equipment is converted to harmonic energy while fundamental wave energy is absorbed part fundamental wave energy, and to system substantial amounts of high order is sent
Harmonic wave, the harmonic wave that harmonic source is produced is relevant with its nonlinear characteristic.Currently, the harmonic source of power system, by its nonlinear characteristic
Mainly divide several big class：
1st, various equipment unshakable in one's determination, such as motor, transformator, reactor, its ferromagnetic saturated characteristic is presented non-linear, electric current
For nonsinusoidal waveform.
2nd, various alternating current-direct current current converters (commutator, inverter, variable-frequency governor) and IGCT controllable switch device
Deng in chemical industry, metallurgy, mine etc., a large amount of industrial and mining establishment widely use.
3rd, various electric welding machines, the nonlinearity for lighting and acutely changing formation of its electric arc, cause electric current brokenly
Fluctuation.Irregular, change at random C-V characteristic between its non-linear presentation arc voltage and arc current.
4th, daily life equipment：Such as daylight lamp, electricity-saving lamp, electromagnetic oven, microwave oven, color television receiver, computer, office automatically
Change equipment, convertible frequency air-conditioner, electronic rectifier charger etc..
In preferable AC electric power systems, electric current and voltage are all pure sine waves.So-called harmonic wave, i.e., in alternating current
In Force system, due to the use of a large amount of non-linear electrical equipments, its voltage current waveform has not been complete sine waveform, and
It is to there occurs distortion to some extent.Fourier series analysis in mathematics, the periodic quantity of non-sinusoidal waveform is decomposed into base
Wave component and the harmonic component with fundamental frequency integral multiple.Three-phase power harmonic wave has the property that：
The phase sequence of harmonic wave：
The phase sequence of each harmonic is differed, and point positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and the class of zero sequence three, each time in three-phase electrical power system is humorous
Ripple phase sequence is as shown in the table：
| Number of times | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | … |
| Phase sequence | + | - | 0 | + | - | 0 | + | - | 0 | + | - | 0 | + | - | 0 | … |
In low-voltage power system, according to operative practice, the loss of above-mentioned each harmonic is particularly three times with Zero-pharse harmonic
Composition shared by harmonic wave is maximum, and the most serious to the harm of electrical equipment.Its reason, according to theory analysis, is zero sequence harmonic flux
Mutually relative in the three-limb core of distribution transformer to push up, Zero-pharse harmonic impedance is zero, so as to cause Zero-pharse harmonic short circuit caused.
Zero-pharse harmonic in each phase is particularly triple-frequency harmonics because its phase place is identical, not only can not offset, and can mutually fold on the contrary
Plus after with the harmonic current of 3 times of phase lines by the neutral conductor, make neutral conductor total current substantially exceed its safe current value and caused
Load, is possible to cause wire overheated and then initiation fire under this state.Zero-pharse harmonic is particularly triple-frequency harmonics in heating
While also just consume a large amount of active power, the source of this active power can only be that power supply fundamental power is provided.
The harm of other phase sequence higher hamonic waves：
(1) harmonic wave produces additional power losses, heating, mechanical vibration and noise to electric rotating machine；
(2) harmonic wave produces added losses to supply line；
(3) capacitor in electrical network is made to produce resonance.Because harmonic frequency is more, this is possible to resonance occur, and resonance will
Amplify harmonic current, cause the equipment such as capacitor to be burned out.
(4) harmonic wave will make relay protection and misoperation occurs in automaton, and make instrument and electric energy metrical larger mistake occur
Difference.
The independence of harmonic wave：
Although the harmonic wave of various different frequencies is occurred on same electrical network, but they be it is independent, the same time they
Simply instantaneous value superposition.This just looks like a band, has various musical instruments to play simultaneously, although to be the sound wave of different frequency,
But it is that what musical instrument is being played that our ear can go out respectively.Because harmonic wave has independence, we must just have method to incite somebody to action
They are separated from electrical network.
Existing harmonic technical work principle
1st, passive filter operation principle
Passive filter is by L, C serial or parallel connection so as to produce resonance with certain subharmonic, when there is resonance, filter
Ripple device presents very little impedance or very big impedance to the subharmonic, so as to short circuit or block the subharmonic, reach to the subharmonic
The purpose of improvement.
LC passive filters, simple structure is widely used always.The major defect of this method is filtering characteristic by electricity
Net impedance and running status affect, and easy and system occurs parallel resonance, causes Harmonics amplification, LC wave filter overload is even burnt
Ruin.Additionally, one group of LC passive filter can only filter the harmonic wave of a fixed frequency, the harmonic wave of multiple frequencies is filtered, be needed
Multigroup LC passive filters, cost, volume, power consumption will be doubled and redoubled, it is impossible to bear.In a word, LC passive filters shortcoming is a lot.
2nd, existing active filter operation principle
Early in the initial stage in the 1970's, Japanese scholars just propose active filter APF's (Active Power Filter)
Concept, i.e., inject electricity equal with original harmonic current, opposite in phase using controllable power semiconductor to electrical network
Stream, the total harmonic current for making power supply is zero, reaches the purpose of real-Time Compensation harmonic current.
Active Power Filter-APF is a kind of for dynamic harmonic wave, the harmonic wave that can all change to size and frequency and idle
Power is compensated, and is compared with passive filter, is had the advantages that prominent：
(1) each harmonic can effectively be suppressed；
(2) when system impedance and frequency fluctuate, compensation effect is not interfered with.And frequency and amplitude can all be changed
Harmonic wave is tracked compensation, and compensation characteristic is not affected by electric network impedance；
(3) resonance phenomena will not be produced, the change of the harmonic current that the resonance of external circuit produces can be suppressed；
(4) compensation to each harmonic can just be realized with a table apparatus；
(5) there is no overload problem, when harmonic wave is larger in system, device still can run, without the need for disconnecting.
Can be seen that by more than, Active Power Filter-APF overcomes the shortcoming of passive filter, with good regulation performance,
Should have a very big development prospect, but its have the disadvantage due to power electronic element capacity do less, voltage do not high, cost
Very high, element easily burns out, and reliability is not high, therefore can not possibly large-scale popularization application at this stage.
The Active Power Filter Technology of China is also in the development test stage, only has minority model machine to put into operation in commercial Application,
This situation increasingly serious with China current harmonic pollution is far from suitable.With deeply opening for China's power quality controlling work
Exhibition, carrying out harmonic wave control using active power filtering will have huge market application potential, but the height of existing Active Power Filter Technology
Cost, low reliability become the bottleneck of its development.
3rd, the content of the invention
Active power filtering effect is so good, and market application potential is again very huge, but so difficult gram again of high cost technical bottleneck
Clothes, thus it is contemplated that can be replaced with a kind of simple technology.First we expect that the principle of active power filtering is exactly in fact
A harmonic oscillator is manually manufactured, the harmonic wave that it is produced is the same with natural harmonic wave, only each harmonic opposite in phase
.Thus it is contemplated that, since harmonic wave is Already on electrical network, and its artificial manufacture, not as directly the harmonic wave of electrical network
Extract, after phase place is become anti-, reinject electrical network, just do not reach effect same
The purpose of the present invention is exactly invention one kind without inversion, technical application, simple structure, cheap, filter effect
The active filter of electric power entire spectrum harmonic wave is covered with, the contravariant that replace existing expensive, technical sophistication, cannot promote is active
Wave filter.
In order to realize active power filtering, most important work is how from electrical network entire spectrum (up to more than hundreds of time)
Pure harmonic voltage separate, it is anti-phase after send electrical network back to offset original natural harmonic wave.
The principle of the invention：It is made up of (refer to Fig. 4) LC series circuits, the theoretical analysis and actual tests, in LC series electricals
Lu Zhong, according to the frequency characteristic of L, C, the parameter of appropriate selection LC, can be achieved with the electricity that capacitor C mainly accepts low frequency fundamental wave
The voltage drop of altofrequency harmonic wave is mainly accepted in pressure drop, inducer L, so as to realize that the pure harmonic wave of entire spectrum is separated with fundamental wave.
Side circuit of the present invention refers to Fig. 7：
In Fig. 7, LC series connection harmonic wave separation circuits are made up of harmonic wave transformator XBa primary coils XBa-1 and capacitor Ca.Point
From the method for pure harmonic wave, be directly proportional to frequency using the induction reactance of inducer, the characteristic that the capacitive reactance of capacitor and frequency are inversely proportional to,
Non-sinusoidal waveform voltage Ua containing harmonic wave is added on LC series circuits, can be just the primary coil of harmonic wave transformator in inductance L
High-frequency pure harmonic voltage Ux is isolated on XBa-1, low-frequency fundamental voltage Uc is isolated on capacitor Ca；Due to line
XBa-1, XBa-2 Opposite direction connection each other is enclosed, the magnetic flux that fundamental current I1, I2 are produced in harmonic wave transformator is offseted mutually,
The power frequency reactance of two coils is zero, and two coils are presented zero pressure drop to fundamental wave, and fundamental voltage is just all dropped on electric capacity Ca, so as to
Reach being kept completely separate for pure harmonic wave and fundamental wave.
The secondary coil XBa-2 of pure harmonic voltage Ux Jing harmonic wave transformator XBa is transformed to anti-phase pure harmonic voltage U ' x, this
After reverse voltage is superimposed with condenser voltage Uc, become new non-sinusoidal waveform voltage, because its waveform includes anti-phase harmonic voltage,
According to active power filtering principle, by this synthesis non-sinusoidal waveform voltage injection electrical network, just original harmonic wave can be offset, realize full range
The purpose of spectrum active power filtering.
Harmonic wave transformator XBa is a two-winding transformer, its primary coil XBa-1 upper ends and harmonic wave isolated impedance
The left end connection of LZa, secondary coil XBa-2 upper ends are connected with the right end of harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa；Under two coils
Termination is connected with the upper end of capacitor Ca, and the lower end of capacitor Ca is connected with the zero line of user distribution transformer BH；Harmonic wave
The left end of isolated impedance LZa is connected with a phases termination of user's distribution transformer BH low-pressure sides, its right end and harmonic load a
It is connected.
4th, illustrate
1st, Fig. 1 is pure harmonic and reactive detection principle oscillogram；
2nd, Fig. 2 is non-sinusoidal waveform (fundamental wave is by harmonic pollution) composition principle oscillogram；
3rd, Fig. 3 is pure harmonic wave and anti-phase pure harmonic wave forms figure；
4th, Fig. 4 is LC series connection harmonic wave separation circuit fundamental diagrams；
5th, supply voltage (U) waveform frequency spectrum figure when Fig. 5 is LC series connection harmonic wave separation Experiments of Electrical Circuits；
6th, inductive drop (U when Fig. 6 is LC series connection harmonic wave separation Experiments of Electrical CircuitsL) waveform frequency spectrum figure；
7th, Fig. 7 is the three-phase full frequency spectrum electrical active filter embodiment schematic diagram that LC series connection harmonic wave separation circuits are constituted.
5th, specific embodiment
1st, harmonic and reactive detection principle (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2)
According to Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering, the method for analytical calculation non-sine distorted waveform is fourier series principle and principle of superposition.
A cycle is the mathematic(al) representation (set constant and initial phase as 0) of non-sinusoidal waveform f (ω t) after fourier progression expanding method of T：
F (ω t)=U1msin(ωt)+(U2msin(2ωt)+U3msin(3ωt)+U4msin(4ωt)+………) (1)
Above formula the right Section 1 is fundametal compoment, and Section 2 all of the above is bracketed with parantheses, and this part is pure harmonic wave
Component.
Because the sinusoidal quantity of different frequency can not carry out complex operation with vector diagram, can only be overlapped with analytic expression, because
This harmonic wave decomposes with the synthesis of fundamental wave can be to be carried out with very simple plus-minus mode.
(1) formula available language is expressed as：The periodic quantity of non-sinusoidal waveform is decomposed into fundametal compoment and whole with fundamental frequency
The harmonic component of several times.Here it is famous fourier series principle.The words can be reduced to：
Non-sinusoidal waveform=fundamental wave+pure harmonic wave (2)
(2) formula is disclosed：Non-sinusoidal waveform is formed with pure harmonic superposition by fundamental wave, here it is harmonic and reactive detection theoretical foundation.
Obtained by (2) formula：
Pure harmonic wave=non-sinusoidal waveform-fundamental wave (3)
(3) formula is disclosed：Pure harmonic wave can be subtracted each other by non-sinusoidal waveform and fundamental wave and obtain, here it is the separable theory of harmonic wave according to
According to.
People will ask：Harmonic wave has thousands upon thousands different frequencies, and thousands upon thousands different values can be replaced with a value
Answer is：Energy.Here the principle of stacking of physicss' medium wave is used：In the region that several train waves meet, any point
Vibration, be vibrations synthesis that each ripple is individually produced in the point.
This principle is exactly plainly：The ripple of thousands upon thousands different frequencies, becomes a single ripple after superposition.
Fundamental wave and all harmonic waves are all alternating current magnetic waves, also in compliance with the principle of stacking of ripple, so on electrical network with oscillograph you
A non-sinusoidal waveform can only be seen.Also contain a single pure harmonic value in addition to fundamental wave in non-sinusoidal waveform, this value is all
The superposition value of harmonic wave.But, this pure harmonic wave is nor directly visible, because it merges with fundamental wave according to principle of stacking
Together, pure harmonic wave is isolated from non-sinusoidal waveform, a fundamental wave need to be only deducted according to (3) formula, it should be very simple
Single thing.
The synthesis of pure harmonic wave：Fig. 1 shows 3,5,7,9 subharmonic are how to synthesize pure harmonic wave.In Fig. 1, synchronization
3,5,7,9 subharmonic instantaneous values be added, just obtain new curve --- pure harmonic curve.
The expression formula of pure harmonic wave in Fig. 1：
F (ω t)=0.3Usin (3 ω t)+0.2Usin (5 ω t)+0.15Usin (7 ω t)+0.1Usin (9 ω t) (5)
In formula：F (ω t) --- --- --- --- -- pure harmonic waves；
U----------------- fundamental voltage values.
Pure harmonic wave is the result of all each harmonic superpositions, and this result is unable to direct measurement on electrical network and shows,
Because it is merged with fundamental wave, but entire spectrum active filter by this pure harmonic wave separation and can show.
Non-sinusoidal waveform synthesizes：Fig. 2 is pure harmonic pollution fundamental wave, makes the curve chart of non-sinusoidal waveform.It is same in Fig. 2
Moment, pure harmonic value was added with fundamental wave value, just became new curve, here it is non-sinusoidal waveform.
Non-sinusoidal waveform expression formula：
F (ω t)=Usin (ω t)+(0.3Usin (3 ω t)+0.2Usin (5 ω t)+0.15Usin (7 ω t)+0.1Usin
(9ωt)) (6)
(6) formula is also the percent harmonic distortion mathematic(al) representation of (2) formula.
The generation of anti-phase pure harmonic wave：Active power filtering needs anti-phase pure harmonic wave, and the generation of anti-phase pure harmonic wave only need to be by pure harmonic wave
Can be obtained by with transformator is anti-phase, i.e.,：
Anti-phase pure harmonic wave=- pure harmonic wave
Anti-phase pure harmonic wave is shown in Fig. 3, and a curve is pure harmonic wave in Fig. 3, and another curve is anti-phase pure harmonic wave, can by Fig. 3
See, pure harmonic wave is precisely to differ 180 ° with the phase place of anti-phase pure harmonic wave, i.e., be therebetween without Phase delay.
2nd, harmonic wave separation principle
The key of entire spectrum active power filtering is to isolate pure harmonic wave, all harmonic waves on electrical network can be carried out with traditional element
It is directly separatedThrough theory analysis and actual tests, invent finally and can be achieved with traditional element with very simple circuit
The perfect detached method of pure harmonic wave --- LC series connection harmonic wave separation methods.
In order to illustrate LC series connection harmonic wave separation methods, start with from derived formula (2) above first：
Non-sinusoidal waveform=fundamental wave+pure harmonic wave
This formula explanation, non-sinusoidal waveform is formed by stacking by two ripples in fact：One is fundamental wave, and one is pure harmonic wave.So-called ripple
Superposition, its essence is just comparable to the series connection of different frequency voltage.Thus we just think：Can be divided with LC series circuits
From fundamental wave and pure harmonic waveSuch as using L, C it is contrary to the reactance characteristic of frequency sensitive, induction coil current when magnetic flux can be mutual
The magnetic characteristic for offseting, allows the minimum fundamental voltage of frequency all to drop on electric capacity C, allows high-frequency pure harmonic wave all to drop to
On inductance L.
In order to theoretically illustrate that LC connects harmonic wave separation method, it is necessary to brief overview once middle institution of higher education's textbook《Electricity
Work basis》Analysis to LC series circuits.Fig. 4 is LC series circuit figures, and the U in Fig. 4 is AC supply voltage；ULIt is inductance L
Voltage drop；UCThe voltage drop of electric capacity C, due to the voltage-phase on inductance capacitance conversely, so：
U=UL-UC (7)
According to above formula, if ULOr UCIt is not zero, then must wherein has one more than supply voltage.
Impedance (induction reactance) computing formula of inductance L：
ZL=2 π fLIn formula：F- frequencies, L- inductance values
Impedance (capacitive reactance) computing formula of electric capacity C：
ZC=1/2 π fCIn formula：F- frequencies, C- capacitances
The total reactance of LC series circuits：
Z=ZL-ZC
Work as ZL=ZCWhen, there is resonance in circuit, now alternating voltage impedance of the circuit to resonant frequency is minimum, theoretically
Zero.
It is more than《Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering》Fundamental analysis to LC series circuit characteristics under power frequency state, below we are according to L, C
Characteristic, analyze under harmonic wave state L, C each to the reaction of harmonic wave：
(1), in LC series circuits, the impedance of inductance L is according to formula：ZL=2 π fLCalculate, when inductance value L is constant, induction reactance
It is directly proportional to frequency, i.e., frequency is higher, induction reactance is bigger.
(2), in LC series circuits, the impedance of electric capacity C is according to formula：ZC=1/2 π fCCalculate, when capacitance is constant, hold
Anti- to be inversely proportional to frequency, i.e., frequency is higher, and capacitive reactance is less.
According to two point analysiss result above, draw to draw a conclusion：
If inductance L is smaller in LC series circuits, then low frequency induction reactance is little, and also little, fundamental wave drops in low-frequency fundamental voltage
The overwhelming majority is all dropped on electric capacity C.
If electric capacity C is than larger in LC series circuits, then high frequency capacitive reactance is little, and high-frequency harmonic wave is short equivalent to by electric capacity C
Road, harmonic voltage is dropped on inductance L with regard to almost all.So, high-frequency pure harmonic wave just can be separated from inductance L
, here it is LC series circuits separate the ultimate principle of pure harmonic wave.
LC series circuits can separate harmonic wave, and we by experiment with being verified as a example by Fig. 4 circuit diagrams.Fig. 4 is set
Parameter：U=230V, UL=30V, UC=260V, C=80 microfarad, L=15 milihenries.
We are first familiar with important harmonic wave index a --- percent harmonic distortion before experiment, as a percentage.It with
Fundamental voltage is standard (100%), if fundamental voltage is 100V, certain subharmonic voltage is 20V, then the subharmonic aberration rate is
20% (hereinafter referred to as harmonic wave rate).From 2 times to hundreds of times, then total harmonic wave rate (THD) is each harmonic rate to general overtone order
Root-mean-square value.
Do harmonic test, it is necessary to have a harmonic source, here we do harmonic source with motor, motor is simultaneously connected in electricity
On the U of source.Will produce harmonic wave on supply voltage U after motor running, its harmonic wave mainly based on triple-frequency harmonics, overtone order
It is not a lot.
Test apparatuses are mainly audiofrequency spectrometer, and it can simultaneously show voltage waveform and carry out spectrum analyses, spectrum analyzer energy
Total harmonic wave rate (THD) of measurement voltage.
Experimental result shows in Fig. 5, Fig. 6.Fig. 5 is shown the waveform frequency spectrum figure of supply voltage U, can from Fig. 5
See, total harmonic wave rate THD=3.5365% of supply voltage U.
Fig. 6 is shown inductance coil voltage ULWaveform frequency spectrum figure, as seen from Figure 6, inductance coil voltage ULTotal harmonic wave
Rate THD=112.8062%.
From Fig. 5 " oscillograph " as can be seen that the waveform of supply voltage U does not deform substantially, harmonic component is little, waveform base
In sheet or sine wave.
From Fig. 6 " oscillograph " as can be seen that inductance coil voltage ULWaveform has been badly deformed, and harmonic component has exceeded base
Wave component, can't see the shadow of sine wave.
See from Fig. 6 " spectrum analyzer "：Inductance L is by (3-19 time) point of all odd harmonics in supply voltage U
Separate out and, become harmonic voltage UL。
Compare it is recognised that inductive drop U from total harmonic wave rate (THD) of Fig. 5 Fig. 6LHarmonic wave rate be the humorous of supply voltage U
32 times of ripple rate！As can be seen here, the harmonic voltage of circuit is substantially completely dropped on inductance L.
The experiment is proved；LC series circuits are entirely capable of isolating the pure harmonic wave of entire spectrum on electrical network.
The series connection harmonic wave separation schematic diagrams of LC shown in Fig. 4 are single-phase, and actual electric network is three-phase, can or can not some number of times
Harmonic wave exist only in line voltage and be not present in phase voltageNo, though because harmonic wave have positive sequence, negative phase-sequence, zero sequence point,
But every kind of sequence has phase voltage, therefore the harmonic wave separation principle of the present invention will not miss the harmonic wave of any number of times.
3rd, the physical cabling of entire spectrum active filter and filtering test
Three-phase new construction full frequency spectrum electrical active filter principle is as shown in fig. 7, solid box interior part is user in Fig. 7
Equipment, the equipment of dotted line inframe is the equipment used in the present invention.Fig. 7 is three-phase system, wherein merely illustrating the circuit of A phases
Figure, remaining B, C phase is identical.
The equipment for belonging to user in Fig. 7：
BH --- user's Three-Phase Distribution Transformers；
Harmonic load.
Belong to physical components, the electrical variable of the present invention in Fig. 7：
Physical components：
LZa --- A phase harmonic wave isolated impedance devices.Because harmonic wave is the separation and Extraction from power network line, anti-phase injection again
Same circuit, therefore the input of harmonic wave, outfan must isolate with reactor.
XBa --- A phase harmonic wave transformators, are one of most important parts in the present invention, and its effect has three：
1st, constitute LC by primary coil XBa-1 and electric capacity Ca to connect harmonic wave separation circuit, by non-sinusoidal waveform voltage Ua
Pure harmonic voltage Ux separate；
2nd, the pure harmonic voltage Ux that coil XBa-1 is separated is carried out by secondary coil XBa-2 anti-phase, becomes anti-phase
Pure harmonic voltage U ' x, and foldback telegram in reply net, to offset original natural harmonic wave, so as to realize active power filtering；
3rd, due to coil XBa-1, XBa-2 Opposite direction connection each other, fundamental current I is made1、I2Produce in harmonic wave transformator
Magnetic flux is offseted mutually, and the power frequency reactance for making two coils is zero, and two coils are presented zero pressure drop to fundamental wave, and fundamental wave is just all dropped to
On electric capacity Ca.
Ca --- A phase capacitors.Connect harmonic wave separation device with harmonic wave transformer coil XBa-1 composition LC, and feel for XBa-2
Raw anti-phase pure harmonic voltage U ' x provide the fundamental voltage platform accessed needed for electrical network.
Electrical variable：
Ua --- power supply a phase voltages, are connected to harmonic load, are a non-sines also comprising harmonic wave in Ua in addition to fundamental wave
Ripple.
Uc --- condenser voltage.
I1、I2--- respectively by the equidirectional fundamental wave electricity of the two-way of harmonic wave transformer coil XBa-1, XBa-2 and capacitor Ca
Stream.
Ux, U ' x --- the anti-phase pure harmonic voltage that the pure harmonic voltage and sensing separated is produced, two voltage direction phases
Instead.
Circuit connects
Harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa coils are connected on low-voltage network line in Fig. 7, it has to be possible to born circuit and be likely to occur
Maximum load current.
Harmonic wave transformator XBa is a two-winding transformer, its primary coil XBa-1 upper ends (Same Name of Ends) and harmonic wave every
Left end from impedance LZa connects, and secondary coil XBa-2 upper ends (different name end) connect with the right end of harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa
Connect；The lower end of two coils is connected with the upper end of capacitor Ca, lower end and the user distribution transformer BH of capacitor Ca
Zero line connection；
The left end of harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa is connected with a phases termination of user's distribution transformer BH low-pressure sides, harmonic wave isolation
The right end of impedance LZa is connected with harmonic load a.
Circuit of the present invention constitutes two loop checking installations：Pure harmonic wave separation loop is returned with anti-phase pure harmonic
Road.
Pure harmonic wave separation loop：
The upper end of distribution transformer BH low pressure a phase coil termination → harmonic wave transformer XBa-1 → harmonic wave becomes
The zero line of the lower end of depressor primary coil XBa-1 → capacitor Ca upper ends → capacitor Ca lower ends → distribution transformer BH
→ distribution transformer BH low pressure a phase coils.
Anti-phase pure harmonic loop：
Upper end → harmonic wave the transformer secondary coil of harmonic load a phases termination → harmonic wave transformer secondary coil XBa-2
The zero line of the lower end of XBa-2 → capacitor Ca upper ends → capacitor Ca lower ends → harmonic load → harmonic load a phases.
The course of work：
The effect of harmonic wave transformator XBa：The operation principle of this transformator has been made to be discussed in detail above with effect.
The course of work of the present invention：Referring to Fig. 7,10KV high-voltage fences to user distribution transformer BH powers, and its low-pressure side is just
Produce phase voltage Ua.
After user connects harmonic load, just produce the harmonic voltage of various frequencies and flow to the humorous of user's distribution transformer
Ripple electric current, the original pure sine voltage Ua of low voltage electric network is just contaminated and becomes non-sinusoidal waveform, and fundamental wave is just contained in Ua
Voltage and pure harmonic voltage.
The Same Name of Ends (upper end) of the primary coil XBa-1 of harmonic wave transformator and a phase voltages Ua of user's distribution transformer
Be connected, while being connected with isolated impedance LZa left ends.The different name end (lower end) of primary coil XBa-1 is connected with electric capacity Ca, group
Into LC series connection harmonic wave separation circuits, pure harmonic voltage Ux then can be just isolated on primary coil XBa-1.
The pure harmonic voltage Ux that harmonic wave transformer XBa-1 is separated, in the secondary coil of harmonic wave transformator
XBa-2 is upper to sense the anti-phase pure harmonic voltage U ' x of generation, and this pure harmonic voltage is superimposed with the fundamental voltage Uc on electric capacity Ca
Afterwards, new anti-phase non-sinusoidal waveform voltage is synthesized, in this resultant voltage injection load-side electrical network, harmonic load product can be just offset
Raw primitive nature harmonic wave.Offset strongly effect because anti-phase harmonic wave has to primitive nature harmonic wave, just can be by the harmonic wave on electrical network
Eliminate completely, this just serves active power filtering effect.
It is exactly above the complete job principle of the present invention.
Embodiment of the present invention capacity is 70KVA, and embodiment fundamental diagram is shown in Fig. 7.
Each parameters of operating part and instrument when being embodied as：
Harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa：Pressure drop=10V, power=1KVA；
Harmonic wave transformator XBa：No-load voltage ratio 12V: 12V, power=1KVA；
Capacitor Ca：300 microfarads/240V；
Supply voltage：400/230V, three-phase and four-line；
Measuring instrument：Audiofrequency spectrometer.
The harmonic load used when being embodied as：
Three phase induction motor：15KW/380V；
Silicon-controlled voltage regulation electric furnace：1500W/220V；
Electromagnetic oven：2100W/220V；
Embodiment test result is as shown in the table：
By embodiment wiring, with audiofrequency spectrometer total harmonic distortion factor (THD) and filtration efficiency row under various loading conditions are measured
Table：
Know from relevant information, the average filter efficiency of existing contravariant active filter 80% or so, highest
Simply reach 90% or so.And the present invention can see from the test result of embodiment, average filter efficiency reaches 98.76%,
Up to 99.4%, so as to the technical specification for proving the present invention is higher than existing contravariant active filter.
6th, advantages of the present invention compared with prior art：
1st, high-technology index：
Full range spectral filter, overtone order is unrestricted；Prior art can only filter limited subharmonic.
Anti-phase harmonic phase time delay is zero；Prior art is always more than zero anti-phase harmonic phase time delay.
The movement response time is zero, is adapted to the user that harmonic wave acutely changes；The prior art response time is always more than zero.
Filtration efficiency averagely reaches 98.76%, up to 99.4%；Filtration efficiency 10 percentages higher than prior art
Point.
2nd, high energy saving：Traditional LC part, not resonance, not inversion does not produce new harmonic wave, and power consumption is little, very energy-conservation；
3rd, highly versatile：It is adapted to the consumer networks of various impedances, filter effect is not affected by user's systematic parameter, versatility
It is very strong；
4th, simple structure：Critical piece is harmonic wave transformator and capacitor, completes harmonic wave separation, anti-phase, three works of injection
Make；
5th, low cost：Existing active filter is very high due to cost, and application is little, and active filter cost of the present invention is special
Low, cost maintains an equal level with pressure common distribution board, and any unit user affords to use, and can be widely popularized and use.
6th, capacity is not limited：Existing active filter is limited by device, and capacity difficulty is done greatly, and the present invention does not receive capacity limit；
7th, voltage is not limited：The user for going for 0.4-35KV electric pressures；
8th, high reliability：Part insensitive to transient voltage electric current, easily not burning out, therefore operational reliability is very
It is high；
9th, the long-life：Due to simple structure, only with traditional transformer and capacitor, without consumable accessory, therefore the life-span is very long.
10th, low environment is required：Operating environment requirements are not high.May operate in the general environment of plant；
11st, it is non-maintaining：Due to not using high-tech, hardly with maintenance in operation.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of new construction full frequency spectrum electrical active filter, comprising harmonic wave transformator XBa primary coils XBa-1 and capacitor Ca
The LC series connection harmonic wave separation circuits of composition, is characterized in that：The method for separating pure harmonic wave, be using inducer induction reactance and frequency into
The characteristic that direct ratio, the capacitive reactance of capacitor and frequency are inversely proportional to, the non-sinusoidal waveform voltage Ua containing harmonic wave LC series circuits are added in
On, just can be that high-frequency pure harmonic voltage Ux is isolated on the primary coil XBa-1 of harmonic wave transformator in inductance L, in electric capacity
Low-frequency fundamental voltage Uc is isolated on device Ca；Due to coil XBa-1, XBa-2 Opposite direction connection each other, make fundamental current I1,
The magnetic flux that I2 is produced in harmonic wave transformator is offseted mutually, the anti-vanishing of power frequency electric of two coils, and two coils are presented to fundamental wave
Zero pressure drop, fundamental voltage is just all dropped on electric capacity Ca, so as to reach being kept completely separate for pure harmonic wave and fundamental wave；
The secondary coil XBa-2 of pure harmonic voltage Ux Jing harmonic wave transformator XBa is transformed to anti-phase pure harmonic voltage U ' x, and this is anti-phase
After voltage is superimposed with condenser voltage Uc, become new non-sinusoidal waveform voltage, because its waveform includes anti-phase harmonic voltage, according to
Active power filtering principle, by this synthesis non-sinusoidal waveform voltage injection electrical network, just can offset original harmonic wave, realize entire spectrum electricity
The purpose of power active power filtering；
Harmonic wave transformator XBa is a two-winding transformer, and its primary coil XBa-1 upper ends are with harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa's
Left end connects, and secondary coil XBa-2 upper ends are connected with the right end of harmonic wave isolated impedance LZa；The lower end of two coils
It is connected with the upper end of capacitor Ca, the lower end of capacitor Ca is connected with the zero line of user distribution transformer BH；Harmonic wave is isolated
The left end of impedance LZa is connected with a phases termination of user's distribution transformer BH low-pressure sides, and its right end is connected with harmonic load a
Connect.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621066153.7U CN206135417U (en) | 2016-09-03 | 2016-09-03 | Full frequency spectrum electric -power active filter of new construction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621066153.7U CN206135417U (en) | 2016-09-03 | 2016-09-03 | Full frequency spectrum electric -power active filter of new construction |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106208069A (en) * | 2016-09-03 | 2016-12-07 | 陈甲标 | New construction full frequency spectrum electrical active filter |
| CN109217313A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 陈甲标 | A kind of simple full frequency spectrum electrical active filter of structure |
-
2016
- 2016-09-03 CN CN201621066153.7U patent/CN206135417U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106208069A (en) * | 2016-09-03 | 2016-12-07 | 陈甲标 | New construction full frequency spectrum electrical active filter |
| CN109217313A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 陈甲标 | A kind of simple full frequency spectrum electrical active filter of structure |
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