CN206111173U - Novel electric analogue means suitable for viscous crude seepage flow law - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a be applicable to the electric analogue means of viscous crude oil reservoir seepage flow law, has held a large amount of mineral oil to the large -scale reservoir of 1 meter degree of depth in the current device, be equivalent to the equivalent of one ton of petrol, belong to inflammable and explosive hazardous articles, adopt the electrical breakdown method to simulate start -up pressure, 1kv breakdown voltage and produce the mineral oil of electric spark in igniting the reservoir in the twinkling of an eye easily puncturing, the utility model discloses a large amount of safety precaution, technical scheme has realized the automation of water and electricity simulation experiment data measurement and collection, first graphite - half conductor resistance material has been used to simulation well and supply boundary in the experiment, both effectual internal resistance of having simulated the well and near -wellbore zone's additional seepage resistance had also avoided being corroded by the oleic acid that adds in the mineral oil, full -automatic oiling and remote control system have been realized to this experimental apparatus, the contact of the experimenter with hazardous articles has been avoided, the experimenter's life safety has greatly been protected.

Description

A kind of new electric copying device suitable for viscous crude percolation law

Technical field

The present invention is with regard to oil and gas flow technology, the electric analog system and method for more particularly to a kind of viscous crude percolation law.

Background technology

Flow through oil reservoir mechanism experiment research method is broadly divided into core experiment and the class of water power simulated experiment two.Core experiment can Carried out using actual reservoir cores, be closer to actual geological condition, can directly measure accurate yield, pressure, aqueous Deng Changing Pattern, but the manufacture difficulty such as rock core, pit shaft, fractured model is big, and experimental period is typically longer, costly.

Water power simulated experiment is a kind of analogue experiment method developed according to the water power principle of similitude.Water power simulated experiment is The object to be studied is recurred using some physical phenomenons of electricity, i.e., using the physics represented by identical mathematical differentiation equation Phenomenon is simulating mutually.As the oil field of input exploitation becomes increasingly complex, various level of complexity wells and Hydro Fracturing Stimulation Treatment application More and more extensively, the also more and more higher of the requirement to flow through oil reservoir mechanism experiment research meanses, electrical simulation experiment can the system of arbitrarily processing Make various complicated pit shafts and fractured model, experimental period is shorter, therefore in this respect water power simulation more has relative to Rock experiment Advantage.

In heavy crude reservoir, Viscosity of Heavy Crude Oil is high, and filtrational resistance is big, can produce the phenomenon that percolation law deviates Darcy's law. Because liquid-solid interface interaction force is larger, when driving pressure only exceedes a certain initial pressure gradient, viscous crude just can start Flowing.Electrical analogue is simulated advantageously with respect to rock core.

Prior art：The electric copying device of existing percolation rule in heavy oil reservoir is as shown in figure 1, mainly by power supply, electricity Flow table, ECU, switch, ballast, simulation shaft bottom or crack, probe, reservoir composition.1-power supply；2-ammeter；3、 10-ECU：Possess frequency conversion, adjustment waveform, voltage, alternating current-direct current and data recording function；4-switch；5-ballast：Can Instantaneously voltage is improved supreme kilovolt to meet breakdown voltage condition, and the stabling current after puncturing；6-simulation shaft bottom is split Seam；7-probe：Probe is cladded with dielectric film, and 1mm metal probes are exposed in only end, shallow with during reservoir deep to reduce probe Impact of portion's electric field to testing, improves vertical certainty of measurement；8-reservoir：Depth 1m, can effectively simulate vertical percolation law； 9-copper belt simulating boundary.The free-boundary problem of oil reservoir is simulated by the breakdown voltage of electrolyte, due to normal experiment electrolyte There is no breakdown voltage, thus by mineral oil and the electrolyte of vegetable oil mixture used in the device, its electric conductivity and hit Voltage is worn related to oily itself acid number, the breakdown voltage of mineral oil is generally 55kv, by different minerals oil and vegetable oil proportioning Can reach different acid numbers, and then obtain the electrolyte of different electric conductivity and breakdown voltage, various tape starting barometric gradients can be simulated Heavy crude reservoir, therefore addition formic acid, acetic acid increase mineral oil acid number can be passed through in testing reduce the purpose of breakdown voltage, Breakdown voltage is finally caused in 1kV or so.Adjusted after frequency, waveform, voltage by ECU, ON switch, ballast Start working, voltage transient is improved to kilovolt and reaches electrolyte breakdown voltage, puncture rear voltage and recover and be stable at default shape The data such as state, its full range voltage, curent change are recorded by ECU and stored.By changing position of the probe in reservoir Measure and record the potential under different coordinates.Refer to Chinese invention patent document " a kind of suitable for percolation rule in heavy oil reservoir Electric copying device " (application publication number：CN 104533401A, Shen Qing Publication day：2015.04.22), and science and technology and engineering Periodical " considering vertical well fracture flow model in porous media and the experiment of free-boundary problem " [J] .2015 (22):17-23. songs account for celebrating, Zhou Li Duckweed, Guo Tiankui, etc.).

Prior art there are following problem：First, for existing experimental provision, the large-scale reservoir of 1 meter of depth holds Substantial amounts of mineral oil, equivalent to the equivalent of one ton of gasoline, belongs to inflammable and explosive dangerous material, is simulated using electrical breakdown method and is opened Dynamic pressure, 1kv breakdown voltages are puncturing the moment easy mineral oil for producing electric spark ignition or igniting in reservoir, experiment dress Put and do not take any fire-proof and explosion-proof anti-static precautions, it is extremely dangerous for experimental situation.Second, to gold after formic acid, acetic acid dilution Belonging to has aggressive, and the metal probe and copper belt supply boundary in experiment using 1mm is very easy violent with acid generation Chemical reaction, formic acid, acetic acid content are drastically reduced, and the mineral oil electrical conductivity of configuration is drastically reduced, the potential value error measured Greatly.3rd, formic acid is very big to health infringement, mainly causes the irritation of skin, mucous membrane, and conjunctiva can be caused after contact Inflammation, palpebral edema, rhinitis, bronchitis, severe one can cause acute chemical pneumonia.Formic acid in the experiment not to being used enters Any safeguard procedures of row.4th, formic acid reproducibility is extremely strong, and in room temperature carbon monoxide and water are slowly resolved into, due to formic acid this Plant unstable chemical property so that substantial amounts of hydrone is generated in mineral oil, increasing acid solution is defined so that Mineral oil electrical conductivity significantly increases, due to position measurement of the probe in reservoir is manually changed in the experiment and different seats are recorded Potential under mark needs substantial amounts of record time of measuring, result in the three-dimensional potential distribution error for measuring very big.5th, mineral oil 150 DEG C or so of flash-point, adds formic acid, acetic acid to reduce breakdown voltage, and 69 DEG C of the formic acid flash-point of addition, 39 DEG C of acetic acid flash-point is quick-fried The fried limit (%)：4.0～17.The high temperature electric spark that two kinds of materials are produced under discharge scenario is certain to blast on fire, extremely endangers Danger.Flash-point, is the minimum temperature for causing vaporizing liquid using certain incendiary source and catching fire under prescribed test conditions.Flash burn When being that the enough steams of liquid surface generation are mixed to form imflammable gas with air, meet burning things which may cause a fire disaster and produce of short duration flame, occur One dodges the phenomenon gone out, and the minimum temperature of flash burn is referred to as flash-point.6th, when manually injecting mineral oil to reservoir, mineral oil steams Vapour is easily contacted with electrostatic burning things which may cause a fire disaster in air causes explosion accident.7th, the water power analogue experiment installation is a kind of hand gear, is surveyed Need manual leading screw to position during amount, need the data such as hand-kept voltage x current.Workload is very big, and precision, efficiency are very It is low, easily cause than larger experimental error.8th, the experimental provision does not account for the impact of pit shaft internal resistance, heavy crude reservoir reality Pit shaft internal viscosity effect and near wellbore radial flow filtrational resistance be can not ignore in the production process of border, test adopted simulation well Or crack does not consider pit shaft and near wellbore filtrational resistance.9th, when breakdown voltage 1kV or so is measured, survey crew It is susceptible to electric shock accidents.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of electricity suitable for percolation rule in heavy oil reservoir Analogue means.

A kind of electric copying device suitable for percolation rule in heavy oil reservoir is as shown in Fig. 2 it is by power supply, ECU, electricity Control switch, ballast, graphite simulate fractured well and horizontal well crack, Graphite Probe, (top is equipped with interface conversion to sealing reservoir Device, enclosed switch), interface convertor (be connected with oil fuel tube, connection vacuum exhaust pipe, enclosed switch), vacuum air pump, constant temperature Air conditioner, oiling pipeline, pump-line, oiling liquid measure controller, number adopt instrument (including recorder and take an instrument), monitor (even Connect main control computer), fuel gas safety monitoring instrument (including combustible gas probe and warning device), control terminal computer, should Anxious CO CO-2 extinguisher (including fire smothering blanket) composition automatically.

Described takes an instrument as shown in figure 3, being fixed in sealing reservoir with plastic rails, can freely carry out two-dimentional shifting It is dynamic, and wireless signal can be transmitted, carry out normal signal communication with recorder.

Have interface convertor, enclosed switch on described plastic seal reservoir, and with oiling pipeline, pump-line phase Even.

Oleic acid of the configured in advance like example is contained with described sealing reservoir.The formic acid that used due to prior art, Acetic acid is inflammable and explosive volatile and is the dangerous material for having harm to experimenter, and first is replaced using oleic acid in the present invention Acid, acetic acid and mineral oil are improving electric conductivity.189 DEG C of oleic acid flash-point, room temperature is not volatile, decomposition is dissolved each other with mineral oil can To replace formic acid, acetic acid, make experiment condition safer.

Described interface convertor can carry out radio communication with control terminal computer, receive control terminal computer instruction Afterwards, interface convertor is connected with oiling pipeline, and by enclosed switch 1 oiling pipeline on and off is controlled, and completes oiling process Afterwards and receive after the signal that control terminal computer is given, interface convertor is connected with vacuum air pump, is controlled by enclosed switch 2 Pump-line on and off processed, after completing vacuum pump-down process, two enclosed switch of interface convertor are turned off, and complete true Sky sealing.

Described interface convertor has wireless signal transceiver and intelligent chip control device.

Described Graphite Probe is scalable, is connected to and takes in an instrument, can be controlled by the position sensor inside an instrument is taken Stroke is carrying out three-dimensional measurement.

Described oiling liquid measure controller is connected on outside plastic seal reservoir, can be sent out when liquid level rises to specified altitude assignment Penetrate wireless signal to be communicated with dc-dc converter.

Described number adopts instrument by recorder and takes an instrument and constitute, and recorder can carry out radio communication with an instrument is taken.

Described control terminal computer and recorder, there is connection line to be connected, control terminal computer is by under recorder Controlling to take an instrument up to instruction carries out taking a little.

Described control terminal computer position is a safe distance farther out with laboratory position, can be to laboratory installation Carry out remote control.

Described fuel gas safety monitoring instrument is connected with emergent automatic CO CO-2 extinguisher, can according to testing result come Automatically take measures fire extinguishing.

The structure such as Fig. 4 for graphite-semi-conducting material that described graphite simulation fractured well and simulation water horizontal well crack is adopted It is shown, the integrated semiconductor resistor of basic framework, nested semiconductor resistor in graphite outer tube, and it is tight by extrusion molding It is integrally formed, to simulate the nearly well filtrational resistance of heavy crude reservoir and pit shaft internal resistance, oil recovery pit shaft viscous force.

Described semiconductor resistor electrical conductivity can choose suitable electrical conductivity according to the internal resistance of realistic simulation well.

Described monitor is arranged on laboratory, and monitor is connected with control terminal computer, and control terminal computer can be real When monitor laboratory residing for situation.

Graphite and semiconductor resistor that described graphite tape supply boundary and graphite simulation well and horizontal well crack is adopted Through special preservative treatment and purity is higher, stable chemical nature, there is no chemical reaction with acid.

Described constant temperature air conditioning machine has temperature sensor, can lower the temperature automatically when temperature is more than 20 DEG C.

Described takes a midget tester of the instrument inside equipped with voltage-measurable and electric current, and data measured can be sent to into note Record instrument.

Described electric-controlled switch can receive the wireless signal from control terminal computer to be carried out controlling switch and is turned on or off.

Description of the drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, and drawings in the following description are only some realities of the present invention Example is applied, for those skilled in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can be being obtained according to these accompanying drawings Obtain other accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 show the electric copying device of the viscous crude percolation law that prior art is provided.

Fig. 2 show the structural representation of the electric copying device of viscous crude percolation law provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 show the concrete structure schematic diagram of sealing reservoir.

Fig. 4 show graphite-semiconductor wells barrel structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 show graphite simulation pressure break straight well structural representation.

Fig. 6 show graphite simulation frac water horizontal well structural representation.

Specific embodiment

With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description the invention will be further described：

Fig. 2 is that apparatus of the present invention constitute structure chart.A kind of electric copying device suitable for percolation rule in heavy oil reservoir, it by Power supply, ECU, electric-controlled switch, ballast, graphite simulation fractured well or horizontal well crack, Graphite Probe, sealing reservoir (top is equipped with interface convertor, enclosed switch), interface convertor (are connected with oil fuel tube, connection vacuum exhaust pipe, seal and open Close), vacuum air pump, constant temperature air conditioning machine, oiling pipeline, pump-line, oil storage tank, oiling liquid measure controller, recorder, monitoring Device (connection main control computer), fuel gas safety monitoring instrument (including a combustible gas probe and a warning device), control Terminal computer processed, emergent automatic CO CO-2 extinguisher (including fire smothering blanket) composition；1-control terminal computer；2-recorder； 3-oil storage tank；4-power supply；5-ECU and electric-controlled switch；6-ballast：Can instantaneously by voltage improve supreme kilovolt with Meet breakdown voltage condition, and the stabling current after puncturing；7-vacuum air pump；8-sealing reservoir；9-oiling liquid measure control Instrument processed；10-interface convertor；11-monitor；12-constant temperature air conditioning machine；13-fuel gas safety monitoring instrument；14-emergent Automatic CO CO-2 extinguisher.

Fig. 3 show the concrete structure schematic diagram of sealing reservoir, and it is by power supply, ECU, electric-controlled switch, ballast Device, graphite simulate fractured well or horizontal well crack, take an instrument, horizontal plastic rails, graphite tape supply boundary, longitudinal plastic rail Road, sealing reservoir composition；1-power supply；2-ECU；3-electric-controlled switch；4-ballast；5-graphite simulates fractured well Or horizontal well crack；6-take an instrument；7-horizontal plastic rails；8-graphite tape supply boundary；9-longitudinal plastic rails；10— Sealing reservoir.

Fig. 4 show graphite-semiconductor wells barrel structure schematic diagram, wherein 1-graphite material, 2-semiconductor resistor material Material.

Apparatus of the present invention workflow：During normal work, constant temperature air conditioning machine brings into operation, and control terminal computer turns to interface After the signal of parallel operation oiling, enclosed switch open, oil storage tank by oiling pipeline to sealing reservoir in oiling, reach needed for During injection flow, oiling liquid measure controller sends stop signal to interface convertor, and interface convertor sends instruction enclosed switch 1 and closes Close, interface convertor continues to send instruction enclosed switch 2 and opens, and vacuum air pump is started working, after vacuum pump-down process terminates, Interface convertor sends instruction enclosed switch 1, enclosed switch 2 and is turned off.After control terminal computer is to electric-controlled switch Continuity signal, ECU is adjusted after frequency, waveform, voltage, and electric-controlled switch conducting, ballast is started working, voltage transient is improved to thousand Volt reaches electrolyte breakdown voltage, punctures rear voltage and recovers and be stable at preset state.Control terminal computer is in the seat for having generated The lower a lot of tested point of choosing of mark system starts to measure, and by wireless signal recorder is sent to, and recorder is often sent to and takes an instrument One point coordinates to be measured, takes an instrument and receives after coordinate signal, and its internal position sensor control takes an instrument in plastic rails Upper movement, changes the position that probe stretches in reservoir, you can three-dimensional measurement potential, and by the data is activation for measuring to record Instrument, recorder is recorded after the position coordinates and potential, and recorder retransmits the position coordinates of next point to taking an instrument, with This analogizes, until having measured all tested points.When there is abnormal accident, such as instrument and equipment is poorly sealed, fuel gas volatilization Leakage, fuel gas safety monitoring instrument is reported to the police immediately, while automatic CO CO-2 extinguisher of meeting an urgent need also works automatically, control terminal Computer receives alarm signal, can monitor accident progress by monitor.

Graphite simulation pressure break straight well structural representation is illustrated in figure 5, from this model Vertical Well pressure break seepage flow can be studied Rule.

Be illustrated in figure 6 graphite simulation frac water horizontal well structural representation, from this model can research level well crack ooze Stream rule.

The beneficial effects of the present invention is, first, for the large-scale reservoir of 1 meter of depth in existing apparatus has held in a large number Mineral oil, equivalent to the equivalent of one ton of gasoline, belong to inflammable and explosive dangerous material, simulated using electrical breakdown method startup pressure Power, 1kv breakdown voltages are puncturing the moment easy mineral oil produced in electric spark ignition reservoir, present invention employs substantial amounts of Safety precaution, Control release room temperature, seals to reservoir, and reservoir is carried out to vacuumize process, effectively keeps away Mineral oil vapour is exempted from the aerial oxidation reaction of the accident and formic acid that oxygen mix occurs blast, has been provided with emergent Automatically CO CO-2 extinguisher and fuel gas safety monitoring instrument, preferably prevent and answer the accident easily occurred in right experiment； Second, the instrument for needing manually operated only has control terminal computer and in the safety zone farther out of laboratory, Even if there occurs accident, personal casualty loss is also avoided that, has greatly ensured the life security of experimenter；3rd, technical scheme The automation of water power simulated experiment DATA REASONING and collection is realized, manual hand manipulation is considerably reduced, it is to avoid measurement There is electric shock accidents in personnel, and the testing time was reduced to current 45 minute or so, significantly improves experiment by original 2 hours Efficiency, number adopts instrument positioning precision can be accurate to ± 0.01 millimeter, it will be apparent that reduce experimental error；4th, it is right first in experiment Simulation well and supply boundary have used graphite-semiconductor resistor material, have both effectively simulated pit shaft internal resistance and near wellbore zone Additional filtrational resistance it also avoid being corroded by the oleic acid added in mineral oil, and more former experimental provision substantially increases electric field and electricity The stability of gesture；5th, this experimental provision has used constant temperature air conditioning machine, is effectively controlled temperature change, is entirely testing Temperature will not reach flash temperature in journey, it is to avoid the generation of combustion explosion accident；6th, replace formic acid, acetic acid using oleic acid To increase mineral oil electric conductivity, it is to avoid the contact of the dangerous material such as the same formic acid of human body, acetic acid, greatly protect experimenter's Life security, oleic acid flash-point is higher, not volatile, increased the security of experiment；7th, this experimental provision is realized automatically Oiling process is more accurate than artificial oil injection operation in mixed mineral oil and oleic acid ratio；8th, employ in this device this Successful Application of the device in water power simulated experiment, simulates heavy crude reservoir after being and complicated boundary condition is asked for startup pressure and established Basis is determined.

Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of new electric copying device suitable for viscous crude percolation law, it is characterised in that described electric analog system includes：

Power supply, ECU, electric-controlled switch, ballast, graphite simulation fractured well and horizontal well crack, Graphite Probe, sealing storage Liquid bath, interface convertor, vacuum air pump, constant temperature air conditioning machine, oiling pipeline, pump-line, oiling liquid measure controller, number are adopted Instrument, monitor, fuel gas safety monitoring instrument, control terminal computer, emergent automatic CO CO-2 extinguisher composition.

2. as claimed in claim 1 suitable for the new electric copying device of viscous crude percolation law, it is characterised in that control terminal Computer can carry out remote control to each experimental facilities.

3. as claimed in claim 1 suitable for the new electric copying device of viscous crude percolation law, it is characterised in that graphite is simulated Fractured well and horizontal well crack have used graphite-semiconductor resistor material to simulating well and supply boundary first.

4. as claimed in claim 1 suitable for the new electric copying device of viscous crude percolation law, it is characterised in that Graphite Probe Three-dimensional movement can be carried out, three-dimensional voltage's distribiuting is accurately taken a little and measure.

5. as claimed in claim 1 suitable for the new electric copying device of viscous crude percolation law, it is characterised in that sealing liquid storage Groove holds oleic acid to replace formic acid, acetic acid, to increase mineral oil electric conductivity.