CN206104625U - Device in straight flange hole is made to turning up on hollow closed part of complicated curved surface - Google Patents

Device in straight flange hole is made to turning up on hollow closed part of complicated curved surface Download PDF

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CN206104625U
CN206104625U CN201621118288.3U CN201621118288U CN206104625U CN 206104625 U CN206104625 U CN 206104625U CN 201621118288 U CN201621118288 U CN 201621118288U CN 206104625 U CN206104625 U CN 206104625U
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mandrel
needle roller
hole
turning
section
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徐勇
张士宏
陈大勇
权伍湜
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,属于板管类零件精密成形技术领域。该装置包括滚针套、滚针和芯轴,所述芯轴在机床的带动下进行自转和轴向进给,芯轴自转带动滚针套和滚针以芯轴为中心转动,同时滚针在芯轴摩擦力与零件孔壁摩擦力的作用下进行自转,滚针套、滚针和芯轴三者相互配合实现在零件的预制鼓包上翻孔。翻孔时先在零件上预制鼓包,然后将翻孔装置逐渐压入预制孔洞内将待加工材料翻起,最后经定径和校形完成翻孔工艺。本实用新型翻孔装置简单,有效降低在空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的工艺难度,装置与零件之间的摩擦力作用较小,翻孔尺寸精度较高,能够有效防止翻孔边缘开裂。

The utility model discloses a device for turning out straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces, and belongs to the technical field of precision forming of plate and tube parts. The device includes a needle roller sleeve, a needle roller and a mandrel. The mandrel is driven by the machine tool to rotate and feed axially. The rotation of the mandrel drives the needle roller sleeve and the needle roller to rotate around the mandrel. Under the action of the friction force of the mandrel and the friction force of the hole wall of the part, the self-rotation is carried out, and the needle sleeve, the needle roller and the mandrel cooperate with each other to realize the hole turning on the prefabricated bulge of the part. When turning the hole, prefabricate the bulge on the part, then gradually press the hole turning device into the prefabricated hole to turn up the material to be processed, and finally complete the hole turning process by sizing and correcting the shape. The utility model has a simple hole-turning device, which effectively reduces the technical difficulty of turning outwards a straight-side hole on a hollow closed part, and the friction force between the device and the part is small, and the hole-turning dimensional accuracy is high, which can effectively prevent the hole from turning over Cracked edges.

Description

一种在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置A device for turning outwards straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及板管类零件精密成形技术领域,具体为一种在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of precision forming of plate and tube parts, in particular to a device for outwardly turning straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces.

背景技术Background technique

封闭的管状、板状或者其他形状空心构件与其他零件连接时通常需要翻制直边孔,翻孔通常包括装配孔、定位孔、电泳涂漆孔等,该种带有直边孔的零件广泛应用与航空、航天、核电以及汽车制造业等领域,例如汽车副车架即为典型的空心零件上翻制各种类型孔与其他部件连接,通常采用内高压工艺成形管件,然后液压冲孔的方式成形翻孔,再例如核电行业应用环形管件上加工多个向外直边翻孔的方式与其他部件进行后续焊接,用以传导液态介质进行能量交换。When connecting closed tubular, plate-shaped or other shaped hollow components with other parts, it is usually necessary to turn straight-sided holes. The turned holes usually include assembly holes, positioning holes, electrophoretic paint holes, etc. This kind of parts with straight-sided holes is widely used. It is used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, nuclear power, and automobile manufacturing. For example, the subframe of an automobile is a typical hollow part, and various types of holes are turned on it to connect with other parts. Usually, internal high-pressure technology is used to form pipe fittings, and then hydraulically punched. For example, in the nuclear power industry, a plurality of outward straight-edge turning holes are processed on annular pipe fittings for subsequent welding with other components to conduct liquid medium for energy exchange.

而传统工艺主要有普通冲头直接冲孔、薄壁管无模渐进翻孔等。对于封闭的管状或者其他异形空心构件翻孔时,常采用普通冲孔方法由管件外侧直接冲孔,中国专利申请CN201510360700.6公布了此种工艺成形方法,但问题是该成形工艺只能实现向内翻孔,而无法实现空心封闭零件向外翻孔,而空心封闭零件通常需要与外部其他部件进行焊接等连接方式,需要向外的翻孔侧壁作为连接媒介;并且复杂曲面的翻孔,由于翻孔基面带有弧度和一定的拐角,不同位置的材料翻孔后应变量不同,瞬时的冲头直接翻孔会造成翻孔边缘局部开裂,影响产品的刚度和使用寿命。The traditional process mainly includes direct punching with ordinary punches, progressive turning of thin-walled tubes without dies, etc. When turning holes in closed tubular or other special-shaped hollow members, ordinary punching methods are often used to directly punch holes from the outside of the pipe. Turning holes inward, but it is impossible to turn the hollow closed parts outward, and the hollow closed parts usually need to be connected with other external parts such as welding, and the outward turning hole side wall is required as the connection medium; and the turning holes of complex curved surfaces, Due to the radian and certain corners of the base surface of the hole, the strain of the material at different positions is different after the hole is turned, and the instantaneous punch directly turns the hole will cause partial cracking at the edge of the hole, which will affect the rigidity and service life of the product.

中国专利申请CN201510167803.0公布了一种采用无模渐进的翻孔工艺,该方法通过直径较小的工具头的高速自转运动和相匹配的围绕翻孔中心轴的周向运动,以局部小面积接触的方式逐渐成形翻孔,该技术能够成形普通工艺很难实现的复杂表面的翻孔,但是其成形效率低,成形工具运动复杂,且对辅助设备要求较高,另外,局部非对称单点接触状态造成翻孔区受力不均匀、成形精度难以保证等问题。Chinese patent application CN201510167803.0 discloses a progressive hole-turning process without dies. This method uses the high-speed rotation of the tool head with a small diameter and the matching circumferential movement around the central axis of the hole-turning to achieve a local small area. The method of contact gradually forms the turning hole. This technology can form the turning hole of the complex surface that is difficult to realize by ordinary technology, but its forming efficiency is low, the movement of the forming tool is complicated, and it has high requirements for auxiliary equipment. In addition, the local asymmetric single point The contact state causes problems such as uneven force in the turning area and difficulty in guaranteeing the forming accuracy.

此外,以上两种工艺方法中,翻孔装置与零件之间的摩擦方式均为滑动摩擦,摩擦力较大,摩擦条件较差,容易造成翻孔内壁划伤和尺寸精度差等问题。另外较大的摩擦力会伴随着相应的摩擦热,该热量积累到一定程度会加剧翻孔侧壁材料氧化,降低零件表面质量和孔壁耐腐蚀性能等问题。In addition, in the above two process methods, the friction mode between the turning device and the parts is sliding friction, the friction force is relatively large, and the friction conditions are poor, which may easily cause problems such as scratches on the inner wall of the turning hole and poor dimensional accuracy. In addition, the relatively large frictional force will be accompanied by corresponding frictional heat. The accumulation of this heat will intensify the oxidation of the side wall material of the turning hole, reduce the surface quality of the part and the corrosion resistance of the hole wall and other problems.

实用新型内容Utility model content

为了解决现有技术在翻孔工艺中,尤其是在空心封闭零件上翻孔时存在的不足之处,本实用新型的目的在于提供一种在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置及方法,本实用新型成形装置简单、生产效率高、成形质量优异、加工难度低。In order to solve the deficiencies in the existing technology in the hole turning process, especially when turning holes on hollow closed parts, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a method for turning outward straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces. The utility model has the advantages of simple forming device, high production efficiency, excellent forming quality and low processing difficulty.

为实现上述目的,本实用新型所采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the utility model is as follows:

一种在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,该装置为机械组合结构,包括滚针套、滚针和芯轴;其中:所述滚针套套装于所述芯轴外侧,滚针套的侧壁上开有四个周向均匀分布的型腔,该型腔内放置所述滚针并对所述滚针进行限位;所述芯轴与所述滚针的侧表面相接触;所述芯轴在机床的带动下进行自转和轴向进给,芯轴自转带动滚针套和滚针以芯轴为中心转动,同时滚针在芯轴与零件孔壁摩擦力的作用进行自转,滚针套、滚针和芯轴三者的配合作用下实现在空心封闭零件的预制鼓包上完成翻孔。A device for turning out straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces, the device is a mechanical combination structure, including needle roller sleeves, needle rollers and mandrels; wherein: the needle roller sleeves are fitted on the mandrel On the outside, four cavities evenly distributed in the circumferential direction are opened on the side wall of the needle roller sleeve, and the needle roller is placed in the cavity and the needle roller is limited; the mandrel and the needle roller The side surfaces are in contact; the mandrel is driven by the machine tool to rotate and feed axially, and the mandrel rotates to drive the needle roller sleeve and the needle to rotate around the mandrel, and at the same time, the needle roller rubs against the hole wall of the mandrel Under the action of force, the needle roller sleeve, the needle roller and the mandrel cooperate to complete the hole turning on the prefabricated bulge of the hollow closed part.

所述滚针为一体成形结构,由下部的滚针圆柱段与上部的滚针锥形段组成,滚针圆柱段用于翻制圆孔,滚针锥形段用于对翻孔进行校形;工作时,滚针侧表面与滚针套和芯轴相互接触完成装置的旋转运动和轴向进给。The needle roller is an integral forming structure, which is composed of the lower needle roller cylindrical section and the upper needle roller conical section. The needle roller cylindrical section is used to turn the round hole, and the needle roller conical section is used to correct the shape of the turned hole. ; When working, the side surface of the needle roller contacts with the needle roller sleeve and the mandrel to complete the rotary motion and axial feed of the device.

所述芯轴是由锥角不同的两个锥形段组成,分别是芯轴锥形段Ⅰ和芯轴锥形段Ⅱ,其中:芯轴锥形段Ⅰ用于与滚针锥形段接触配合,芯轴锥形段Ⅱ用于与滚针圆柱段接触配合;所述芯轴与滚针套相配合实现对滚针的约束限制。The mandrel is composed of two tapered sections with different cone angles, which are the mandrel cone section I and the mandrel cone section II, wherein: the mandrel cone section I is used to contact the needle roller cone section For cooperation, the tapered section II of the mandrel is used to contact and cooperate with the cylindrical section of the needle roller; the mandrel cooperates with the needle roller sleeve to realize the restriction on the needle roller.

该装置锥形段的锥形角和零件受力情况满足关系式(1):The conical angle of the conical section of the device and the stress on the part satisfy the relationship (1):

σf=μσN(0<μ<1); σ f = μσ N (0<μ<1);

关系式(1)中:σf为装置锥形段与孔壁之间的摩擦力,σN为装置锥形段对孔壁的压应力,σs为零件材料的屈服应力,θ为该装置锥形段的锥形角,μ为装置锥形段与孔壁之间摩擦系数;所述装置锥形段是指芯轴锥形段Ⅱ对应的装置部分,所述装置锥形段的锥形角即为芯轴锥形段Ⅱ的锥角(锥形面与轴向夹角)。通过关系式(1)限定了零件预制鼓包上翻孔轴向所受应力要小于零件材料的屈服应力,在该条件下能够实现在零件的预制鼓包上向外翻制直边孔,且不压塌孔侧壁。In relation (1): σ f is the friction force between the conical section of the device and the hole wall, σ N is the compressive stress of the conical section of the device on the hole wall, σ s is the yield stress of the part material, and θ is the The conical angle of the conical section, μ is the coefficient of friction between the conical section of the device and the hole wall; the conical section of the device refers to the device part corresponding to the conical section II of the mandrel, and the conical section of the device The angle is the cone angle of the cone section II of the mandrel (the angle between the cone surface and the axial direction). According to the relation (1), it is limited that the axial stress on the upturned hole of the prefabricated bulge of the part is less than the yield stress of the material of the part. Collapsing hole side walls.

该装置中,所述芯轴的中上部开有环形槽,用于存储润滑油,实现装置的有效润滑。In the device, an annular groove is opened in the middle and upper part of the mandrel for storing lubricating oil and realizing effective lubrication of the device.

所述翻孔是指该装置与待加工零件之间通过瞬时局部四点接触,配合以装置的高速自转运动,装置随时间逐渐进给,逐步完成翻孔工艺。采用上述装置在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的方法,具体包括如下步骤:The hole turning refers to that the device and the part to be processed are contacted at four points instantaneously, and in conjunction with the high-speed rotation of the device, the device is gradually fed over time, and the hole turning process is gradually completed. The method for turning outwards a straight-side hole on a hollow closed part with a complex curved surface by using the above-mentioned device specifically includes the following steps:

(1)采用液压成形等方式在空心封闭零件上成形出结构和尺寸符合要求的预制鼓包;(1) A prefabricated bulge that meets the requirements in structure and size is formed on a hollow closed part by means of hydroforming;

(2)根据预制鼓包的结构尺寸和所翻孔的尺寸数据计算出芯轴锥形段Ⅰ和芯轴锥形段Ⅱ的锥形角、滚针锥形段长度、滚针圆柱段长度参数;(2) According to the structural size of the prefabricated bulge and the size data of the turned hole, calculate the parameters of the cone angle of the mandrel cone section I and the mandrel cone section II, the length of the needle roller cone section, and the length of the needle roller cylinder section;

(3)将待翻孔零件固定于工作台上,并使预开孔中心对准芯轴轴线;(3) Fix the parts to be turned on the workbench, and align the center of the pre-drilled hole with the axis of the mandrel;

(4)使该装置的芯轴旋转并向下轴向进给,使滚针圆柱段与零件待加工部位接触,逐渐翻制圆孔;(4) Make the mandrel of the device rotate and feed downward axially, so that the cylindrical section of the needle roller contacts the part to be processed, and gradually turn the round hole;

(5)继续保持翻孔装置轴向进给(对翻孔装置提供轴向动力),待滚针锥形段与已经翻起的直壁孔完全接触后,保持装置的旋转运动8~10s,实现进一步定径和校形;(5) Continue to maintain the axial feed of the hole turning device (provide axial power to the hole turning device), and after the tapered section of the needle roller is in full contact with the straight wall hole that has been turned up, keep the rotational movement of the device for 8-10s, Realize further sizing and shaping;

(6)反向提拉翻孔装置,使其逐渐脱离零件,完成翻孔工艺过程,取出加工零件。(6) Reversely pull the hole-turning device to make it gradually detach from the parts, complete the hole-turning process, and take out the processed parts.

上述翻孔过程中,所述成形装置中芯轴为主动机构,而滚针是在成形材料和芯轴的共同的压力和摩擦力作用下发生自转和绕芯轴的公转运动,滚针套是在滚针的公转作用下被推动着与芯轴同向异速自转。In the above hole-turning process, the mandrel in the forming device is an active mechanism, and the needle roller rotates and revolves around the mandrel under the joint pressure and friction of the forming material and the mandrel. Under the action of the revolution of the needle roller, it is pushed to rotate in the same direction and at different speeds with the mandrel.

本实用新型的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1、本实用新型中的翻孔装置与零件之间的接触状态为滚动摩擦,相对于传统的滑动摩擦接触方式,其摩擦状态有明显改善,有利于提高翻孔内表面的成形质量和精度,采用四个滚针与零件局部接触变形的方式,可以有效降低翻孔过程所需成形力,实现渐进成形的效果,可以改善变形区受力状态,降低因装置与零件全部接触而产生的额外温升作用。1. The contact state between the hole turning device and the parts in the utility model is rolling friction. Compared with the traditional sliding friction contact method, the friction state is significantly improved, which is conducive to improving the forming quality and accuracy of the inner surface of the turning hole. The method of four needle rollers being partially contacted and deformed with the part can effectively reduce the forming force required for the hole turning process, realize the effect of gradual forming, improve the force state of the deformation zone, and reduce the extra temperature caused by the full contact between the device and the part. Up effect.

2、本实用新型装置为径向对称结构,装置与翻孔对称接触,改善传统工艺中非对称接触的缺陷,防止变形过程中变形区孔壁的失稳,提高所翻制圆孔的圆度和尺寸精度。2. The device of this utility model has a radially symmetrical structure, and the device is in symmetrical contact with the turning hole, which improves the defect of asymmetric contact in the traditional process, prevents the instability of the hole wall in the deformation zone during the deformation process, and improves the roundness of the turned hole and dimensional accuracy.

3、本实用新型装置的结构简易,由几个简单形状部件组成,装置运动形式单一,只需提供绕中心轴的旋转运动和轴向进给,大大降低对配套设备的操控要求;生产效率较高,翻孔装置与零件之间实现滚动摩擦,可以实现较高速度的旋转运动,配合较大的轴向进给,可以进一步提高生产效率。3. The device of the utility model has a simple structure, consisting of several parts with simple shapes, and the device has a single movement form. It only needs to provide rotational movement around the central axis and axial feed, which greatly reduces the control requirements for supporting equipment; the production efficiency is relatively low. High, the rolling friction between the turning device and the parts can be realized, and the high-speed rotary motion can be realized. With the large axial feed, the production efficiency can be further improved.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置结构示意图;其中:(a)主视图;(b)仰视图;(c)轴向剖视图,(d)芯轴两个锥形段主视图。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the device structure of the utility model on the hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces turning outwards to make straight-side holes; wherein: (a) front view; (b) bottom view; (c) axial sectional view, (d) core Front view of the two conical segments of the shaft.

图2是本实用新型装置在曲面空心零件上向外翻制直边孔的整体示意图。Fig. 2 is the overall schematic view of the device of the present invention turning outwards the straight edge hole on the curved surface hollow part.

图3是带有预制鼓包的封闭式复杂曲面空心构件上向外翻直壁孔能够实现所应该满足的条件和工作原理图。Fig. 3 is a diagram of the conditions and working principles that should be met for the outwardly turned straight wall holes on the closed complex curved hollow member with prefabricated bulges.

图4是实施例1中预制鼓包上向外翻孔的工艺流程图;其中:(a)为翻孔装置对准中心轴位置工步;(b)为翻孔装置向下轴向进给逐步翻孔工步;(c)为翻孔装置对翻孔侧壁进行校形工步;(d)为成形结束翻孔装置反向退出已加工零件表面;图(a)-(d)中:左图和右图为不同视角的剖面图。Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of turning outwards on the prefabricated bulge in embodiment 1; wherein: (a) is the work step of aligning the center axis position of the turning device; (b) is the stepwise downward axial feeding of the turning device The hole turning step; (c) is the step of correcting the shape of the turning hole side wall by the hole turning device; (d) the hole turning device reversely withdraws from the surface of the processed part after forming; in Figures (a)-(d): The left and right images are cross-sectional views from different perspectives.

图中:1-翻孔装置;2-预制鼓包;11-滚针套;12-滚针;121-滚针锥形段;122-滚针圆柱段;13-芯轴;131-芯轴锥形段Ⅰ;132-芯轴锥形段Ⅱ;3-初始坯料;4-夹具。In the figure: 1-hole turning device; 2-prefabricated bulge; 11-needle sleeve; 12-needle; 121-needle tapered section; 122-needle cylindrical section; 13-mandrel; 131-mandrel cone Section Ⅰ; 132- mandrel tapered section Ⅱ; 3- initial blank; 4- fixture.

具体实施方式detailed description

以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做详细说明。但是本发明并不限于下述具体实施方式。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

本实用新型为在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,即翻孔装置1,其结构如图1所示。该翻孔装置1包括滚针套11、滚针12和芯轴13;滚针套11套装于芯轴13外侧,滚针套11的侧壁上开有四个周向均匀分布的型腔,型腔内放置所述滚针12并对滚针12限位,保证工作过程中滚针能够绕着自身的旋转轴自转,防止滚针沿周向或者轴向来回任意窜动;所述芯轴13与所述滚针12的侧表面相接触,芯轴13在机床的带动下进行自转和轴向进给,芯轴13自转带动滚针套11和滚针12以芯轴为中心转动(公转),同时滚针12在芯轴13与零件孔壁摩擦力的作用进行自转,滚针套11、滚针12和芯轴13三者的配合作用下实现在零件的预制鼓包2上完成翻孔。The utility model is a device for turning outwards a straight-side hole on a hollow closed part with a complex curved surface, that is, a hole turning device 1, and its structure is shown in Figure 1. The hole turning device 1 includes a needle roller sleeve 11, a needle roller 12 and a mandrel 13; the needle roller sleeve 11 is set on the outside of the mandrel 13, and the side wall of the needle roller sleeve 11 is provided with four uniformly distributed cavities in the circumferential direction. The needle roller 12 is placed in the cavity and the needle roller 12 is limited to ensure that the needle roller can rotate around its own rotation axis during the working process, preventing the needle roller from moving back and forth along the circumferential or axial direction; the mandrel 13 is in contact with the side surface of the needle roller 12, the mandrel 13 is driven by the machine tool to rotate and feed axially, and the rotation of the mandrel 13 drives the needle roller sleeve 11 and the needle roller 12 to rotate around the mandrel (revolution ), at the same time, the needle roller 12 rotates under the action of the friction between the mandrel 13 and the hole wall of the part, and under the cooperation of the needle roller sleeve 11, the needle roller 12 and the mandrel 13, the hole turning is completed on the prefabricated bulge 2 of the part .

所述滚针为一体成形结构,由下部的滚针圆柱段122与上部的滚针锥形段121组成,滚针圆柱段122用于翻制圆孔,滚针锥形段121用于对翻孔进行校形;所述芯轴为该装置自转的动力来源,芯轴在机床的旋转带动下产生自转运动;芯轴是由锥角不同的两个锥形段组成,分别是芯轴锥形段Ⅰ131和芯轴锥形段Ⅱ132,芯轴锥形段Ⅰ131用于与滚针锥形段121接触配合,芯轴锥形段Ⅱ132用于与滚针圆柱段122接触配合;芯轴与滚针套相配合实现对滚针的约束限制。所述芯轴的中上部开有环形槽,用于存储润滑油,实现装置的有效润滑;在外部轴向力增大的过程中,滚针套向上运动进一步锁紧芯轴和滚针,可以实现芯轴与滚针的充分接触,完成翻孔成形。The needle roller is integrally formed, consisting of a lower needle roller cylindrical section 122 and an upper needle roller conical section 121, the needle roller cylindrical section 122 is used to turn round holes, and the needle roller conical section 121 is used to turn over The hole is corrected; the mandrel is the power source of the device's rotation, and the mandrel is driven by the rotation of the machine tool to generate an autorotation motion; the mandrel is composed of two tapered segments with different cone angles, which are respectively the mandrel cone Section I131 and mandrel tapered section II132, mandrel tapered section I131 is used to contact with needle roller tapered section 121, and mandrel tapered section II132 is used to contact and cooperate with needle roller cylindrical section 122; mandrel and needle roller The sleeve cooperates to realize the restriction on the needle roller. There is an annular groove in the middle and upper part of the mandrel, which is used to store lubricating oil and realize effective lubrication of the device; when the external axial force increases, the needle roller sleeve moves upward to further lock the mandrel and the needle roller, which can Realize the full contact between the mandrel and the needle roller, and complete the hole forming.

该装置锥形段的锥形角和零件受力情况满足关系式(1):The conical angle of the conical section of the device and the stress on the part satisfy the relationship (1):

σf=μσN(0<μ<1); σ f = μσ N (0<μ<1);

关系式(1)中:σf为装置锥形段与孔壁之间的摩擦力,σN为装置锥形段对孔壁的压应力,σs为零件材料的屈服应力,θ为该装置锥形段的锥形角,μ为装置锥形段与孔壁之间摩擦系数;所述装置锥形段是指芯轴锥形段Ⅱ对应的装置部分,所述装置锥形段的锥形角即为芯轴锥形段Ⅱ的锥角(锥形面与轴向夹角)。所述装置能够实现预制鼓包上的向外翻孔,不受封闭空心件内部空间狭小的限制,成形效果显著。该装置与待加工零件之间属于连续的点接触(瞬时局部四点接触),配合以装置的高速自转运动,装置随时间逐渐进给,完成翻孔渐进成形,最终完成翻孔。In relation (1): σ f is the friction force between the conical section of the device and the hole wall, σ N is the compressive stress of the conical section of the device on the hole wall, σ s is the yield stress of the part material, and θ is the The conical angle of the conical section, μ is the coefficient of friction between the conical section of the device and the hole wall; the conical section of the device refers to the device part corresponding to the conical section II of the mandrel, and the conical section of the device The angle is the cone angle of the cone section II of the mandrel (the angle between the cone surface and the axial direction). The device can realize the outward turning holes on the prefabricated bulge without being restricted by the narrow inner space of the closed hollow part, and the forming effect is remarkable. The device is in continuous point contact (instantaneous local four-point contact) with the part to be processed. Cooperating with the high-speed rotation of the device, the device is gradually fed over time to complete the gradual forming of the hole turning and finally complete the hole turning.

采用上述装置在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的示意图如图2,翻孔过程如下:Using the above-mentioned device to turn outwards a straight-sided hole on a hollow closed part with a complex curved surface is shown in Figure 2. The hole turning process is as follows:

(1)采用液压成形等方式成形出结构和尺寸符合要求的预制鼓包;(1) Forming a prefabricated bulge with a structure and size that meets the requirements by means of hydroforming;

(2)根据预制鼓包的结构尺寸和所翻孔的尺寸数据计算出芯轴锥形段Ⅰ和芯轴锥形段Ⅱ的锥形角、滚针锥形段长度、滚针圆柱段长度参数;(2) According to the structural size of the prefabricated bulge and the size data of the turned hole, calculate the parameters of the cone angle of the mandrel cone section I and the mandrel cone section II, the length of the needle roller cone section, and the length of the needle roller cylinder section;

(3)将待翻孔零件固定于工作台上,并使预开孔中心对准芯轴轴线;(3) Fix the parts to be turned on the workbench, and align the center of the pre-drilled hole with the axis of the mandrel;

(4)使该装置的芯轴旋转并向下轴向进给,使滚针圆柱段与零件待加工部位接触,逐渐翻制圆孔;(4) Make the mandrel of the device rotate and feed downward axially, so that the cylindrical section of the needle roller contacts the part to be processed, and gradually turn the round hole;

(5)继续保持翻孔装置轴向进给(对翻孔装置提供轴向动力),待滚针锥形段与已经翻起的直壁孔完全接触后,保持装置的旋转运动8~10s,实现进一步定径和校形;(5) Continue to maintain the axial feed of the hole turning device (provide axial power to the hole turning device), and after the tapered section of the needle roller is in full contact with the straight wall hole that has been turned up, keep the rotational movement of the device for 8-10s, Realize further sizing and shaping;

(6)反向提拉翻孔装置,使其逐渐脱离零件,完成翻孔工艺过程,取出加工零件。(6) Reversely pull the hole-turning device to make it gradually detach from the parts, complete the hole-turning process, and take out the processed parts.

实施例1:Example 1:

本实施例中待翻孔工件为空心封闭零件,并且表面为空间曲面结构,具体为环形封闭管坯(图2)。进行翻孔工艺之前,在适当的内高压成形工艺的配合下,对环形封闭管坯进行模具约束状态下的液压胀形,预制翻孔用鼓包,并且保持翻孔装置1轴线与翻孔轴线重合。为了保证该装置对预制鼓包零件的正常向外翻孔,如图3预制鼓包上向外翻孔装置工作原理图所示,所述装置需满足关系式σf=μσN(0<μ<1);即防止孔被翻起之前被装置轴向压塌失效,只有沿着径向有足够的支撑力分量时才能实现预制鼓包向外翻孔。图1为本实施例装置优选的二维结构示意图,该装置为径向对称结构,由图1可知,滚针套11上下两端为环形封闭结构,中部开有四个均布的滚针限制孔,使用时将四个滚针12从芯部装入滚针套11的内部,通过滚针限制孔约束其径向位移,滚针限制孔与滚针12之间为滑动摩擦,由润滑油提供润滑;芯轴13穿过滚针套11的芯部,在滚针套11的锥形限制作用下芯轴13达到轴向极限位置,芯轴13的两个锥形段与四个滚针12的外表面充分接触,芯轴13和滚针套11上部通过螺纹方式进行连接。如图4为预制鼓包上向外翻孔工艺流程,首先应用液压成形等方式加工出结构和尺寸符合要求的预制鼓包;然后根据预制鼓包的结构尺寸、预开孔的直径、翻孔高度等数据计算出装置的关键参数,主要有芯轴锥形段Ⅰ的锥形角、芯轴锥形段Ⅱ的锥形角、滚针锥形段长度和滚针圆柱段长度参数,选用相应规格尺寸的翻孔装置;应用相应的夹具4将初始坯料3固定在工作台上,调整装夹有翻孔装置的设备使装置轴线与翻孔预制孔的轴线相重合;开动设备提供装置所需的旋转运动和轴向向下进给,待装置锥形段(芯轴锥形段Ⅱ所处部分)外表面接触预制鼓包的上边缘后,适当调整轴向进给速度,在滚针12的自转和公转配合作用下,预制带开口的鼓包边缘沿径向向外扩展,翻孔不断进行;待翻孔装置的上部圆柱段(芯轴锥形段Ⅰ所处部分)与鼓包内壁接触时,停止轴向进给,保持芯轴旋转8~10s,对翻孔内壁进行校形;校形结束后调转轴向进给方向,使滚针脱离已经翻制孔的内壁,停止装置的旋转和轴向运动,松开夹具取下已加工零件。In this embodiment, the workpiece to be turned is a hollow closed part, and the surface is a space curved surface structure, specifically an annular closed tube blank (Fig. 2). Before carrying out the hole turning process, with the cooperation of the appropriate internal high pressure forming process, carry out hydraulic bulging of the annular closed tube blank under the mold constraint state, prefabricate the bulge for hole turning, and keep the axis of the hole turning device 1 coincident with the hole turning axis . In order to ensure that the device can turn out the holes normally on the prefabricated bulge parts, as shown in the working principle diagram of the device for turning the holes outward on the prefabricated bulge in Figure 3, the device needs to satisfy the relational formula σ f =μσ N (0<μ<1 ); That is to prevent the hole from being crushed axially by the device before it is turned up, and only when there is sufficient support force component along the radial direction can the prefabricated bulge turn outward. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the preferred two-dimensional structure of the device of this embodiment. The device is a radially symmetrical structure. When in use, put four needle rollers 12 into the inside of the needle roller sleeve 11 from the core, and constrain its radial displacement through the needle roller restriction holes. There is sliding friction between the needle roller restriction holes and the needle rollers 12, and the oil Lubrication is provided; the mandrel 13 passes through the core of the needle roller sleeve 11, and the mandrel 13 reaches the axial limit position under the conical restriction of the needle roller sleeve 11. The two tapered sections of the mandrel 13 are connected with the four needle roller The outer surface of 12 is fully contacted, and the mandrel 13 and the upper part of the needle roller sleeve 11 are connected by threads. As shown in Figure 4, the process flow of turning the holes outward on the prefabricated bulge is first processed by hydroforming and other methods to produce a prefabricated bulge with a structure and size that meets the requirements; Calculate the key parameters of the device, mainly including the cone angle of the mandrel cone section I, the cone angle of the mandrel cone section II, the length of the needle roller cone section and the length of the needle roller cylindrical section. Hole-turning device: use the corresponding fixture 4 to fix the initial blank 3 on the workbench, adjust the equipment with the hole-turning device so that the axis of the device coincides with the axis of the hole-turning prefabricated hole; start the equipment to provide the required rotational movement of the device and axial downward feed, after the outer surface of the conical section of the device (the part where the mandrel conical section II is located) contacts the upper edge of the prefabricated bulge, properly adjust the axial feed speed, and the rotation and revolution of the needle roller 12 Under the cooperative action, the edge of the prefabricated bulge with an opening expands radially outward, and the hole turning continues; when the upper cylindrical section of the hole turning device (the part where the tapered section I of the mandrel is located) contacts the inner wall of the bulge, the axial direction stops. Feed, keep the mandrel rotating for 8-10s, and correct the inner wall of the turning hole; after the shaping is finished, turn the axial feeding direction, so that the needle roller is separated from the inner wall of the turned hole, and stop the rotation and axial movement of the device. Release the clamp to remove the machined part.

上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,其特征在于:该装置为机械组合结构,包括滚针套、滚针和芯轴;其中:所述滚针套套装于所述芯轴外侧,滚针套的侧壁上开有四个周向均匀分布的型腔,该型腔内放置所述滚针并对所述滚针进行限位;所述芯轴与所述滚针的侧表面相接触;所述芯轴在机床的带动下进行自转和轴向进给,芯轴自转带动滚针套和滚针以芯轴为中心转动,同时滚针在芯轴摩擦力与零件孔壁摩擦力的作用下进行自转,滚针套、滚针和芯轴三者相互作用实现在空心封闭零件的预制鼓包上向外翻制直边孔。1. A device for making straight-sided holes outward on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces, characterized in that: the device is a mechanical combination structure, including needle roller sleeves, needle rollers and mandrels; wherein: the needle roller sleeves Set on the outside of the mandrel, four cavities evenly distributed in the circumferential direction are opened on the side wall of the needle roller sleeve, and the needle rollers are placed in the cavities and limit the needle rollers; the mandrel It is in contact with the side surface of the needle roller; the mandrel is driven by the machine tool to rotate and feed axially. Under the action of the shaft friction and the part hole wall friction, the needle roller sleeve, the needle roller and the mandrel interact to realize the outward turning of the straight edge hole on the prefabricated bulge of the hollow closed part. 2.根据权利要求1所述的在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,其特征在于:所述滚针为一体成形结构,由下部的滚针圆柱段与上部的滚针锥形段组成,滚针圆柱段用于翻制圆孔,滚针锥形段用于对翻孔进行校形;工作时,滚针侧表面与滚针套和芯轴相互接触完成装置的旋转运动和轴向进给。2. The device for turning out straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: the needle roller is integrally formed, and the cylindrical section of the needle roller at the lower part and the roller at the upper part Conical section of the needle roller, the cylindrical section of the needle roller is used to turn the round hole, and the tapered section of the needle roller is used to correct the shape of the turning hole; when working, the side surface of the needle roller contacts with the needle roller sleeve and the mandrel to complete the device. Rotary motion and axial feed. 3.根据权利要求2所述的在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,其特征在于:所述芯轴是由锥角不同的两个锥形段组成,分别是芯轴锥形段Ⅰ和芯轴锥形段Ⅱ,其中:芯轴锥形段Ⅰ用于与滚针锥形段接触配合,芯轴锥形段Ⅱ用于与滚针圆柱段接触配合;所述芯轴与滚针套相配合实现对滚针的约束限制。3. The device for turning outwards a straight-sided hole on a hollow closed part with a complex curved surface according to claim 2, wherein the mandrel is composed of two tapered segments with different taper angles, which are respectively the core Shaft tapered section I and mandrel tapered section II, wherein: mandrel tapered section I is used for contact and fit with the needle roller tapered section, and mandrel tapered section II is used for contact and fit with the needle roller cylindrical section; The mandrel cooperates with the needle roller sleeve to realize the restriction on the needle roller. 4.根据权利要求3所述的在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,其特征在于:该装置锥形段的锥形角和零件受力情况满足关系式(1):4. The device for outwardly turning straight-side holes on hollow closed parts with complex curved surfaces according to claim 3, characterized in that: the taper angle of the tapered section of the device and the stress on the parts satisfy the relational formula (1) : σf=μσN(0<μ<1); σ f = μσ N (0<μ<1); 关系式(1)中:σf为装置锥形段与孔壁之间的摩擦力,σN为装置锥形段对孔壁的压应力,σs为零件材料的屈服应力,θ为该装置锥形段的锥形角,μ为装置锥形段与孔壁之间摩擦系数;所述装置锥形段是指芯轴锥形段Ⅱ对应的装置部分,所述装置锥形段的锥形角即为芯轴锥形段Ⅱ的锥角。In relation (1): σ f is the friction force between the conical section of the device and the hole wall, σ N is the compressive stress of the conical section of the device on the hole wall, σ s is the yield stress of the part material, and θ is the The conical angle of the conical section, μ is the coefficient of friction between the conical section of the device and the hole wall; the conical section of the device refers to the device part corresponding to the conical section II of the mandrel, and the conical section of the device The angle is the cone angle of the cone section II of the mandrel. 5.根据权利要求4所述的在复杂曲面空心封闭零件上向外翻制直边孔的装置,其特征在于:所述芯轴的中上部开有环形槽,用于存储润滑油,实现装置的有效润滑。5. The device for turning outwards a straight-side hole on a hollow closed part with a complex curved surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: the upper middle part of the mandrel is provided with an annular groove for storing lubricating oil to realize the device effective lubrication.
CN201621118288.3U 2016-10-12 2016-10-12 Device in straight flange hole is made to turning up on hollow closed part of complicated curved surface Withdrawn - After Issue CN206104625U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106238539A (en) * 2016-10-12 2016-12-21 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of device and method in turned-out straight flange hole processed on complex-curved hollow closing part

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106238539A (en) * 2016-10-12 2016-12-21 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of device and method in turned-out straight flange hole processed on complex-curved hollow closing part
CN106238539B (en) * 2016-10-12 2019-01-04 中国科学院金属研究所 The device and method in turned-out straight flange hole processed on complex-curved hollow closing part

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