CN205939820U - Energy is gathered and energy storage equipment based on stake mat foundation plinth - Google Patents
Energy is gathered and energy storage equipment based on stake mat foundation plinth Download PDFInfo
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- CN205939820U CN205939820U CN201620729252.2U CN201620729252U CN205939820U CN 205939820 U CN205939820 U CN 205939820U CN 201620729252 U CN201620729252 U CN 201620729252U CN 205939820 U CN205939820 U CN 205939820U
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- pipe
- heat pipe
- energy
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- conduction material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
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- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides an energy is gathered and energy storage equipment based on stake mat foundation plinth, includes raft board and pile foundation, is equipped with energy geotechnique cloth between raft board and the soft soil layer, all is equipped with the first heat pipe of horizontal direction in raft board and the energy geotechnique cloth, and the vertical setting of pile foundation is equipped with the second heat pipe in the pile foundation in soft soil layer, and raft board and two -layer first heat pipe in the energy geotechnique cloth pass through the second joint, pass through the articulate between first heat pipe in the geotechnological cloth of the energy and the second heat pipe, the energy geotechnique cloth that raft board and raft board below set up is divided equally for a plurality of units, including many pile foundations in every unit, connects through the connecting pipe between the second heat pipe in two adjacent pile foundations, and the connecting pipe also passes through the articulate with the second heat pipe. Adopt above -mentioned structure, the length of greatly increased underground heat pipe increases heat exchange efficiency to effective shared land area of stake mat foundation plinth that utilizes promotes the utilization ratio to geothermal energy.
Description
Technical field
The utility model be related to geothermal energy resources develop field, particularly a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation with
Energy storage equipment.
Background technology
Geothermal energy resources are a kind of recyclability energy being stored in earth depths, have wide distribution, if energy
Enough rational exploitation, its economic benefit is higher, and the exploitation to geothermal energy have very big necessity, earth source heat pump skill
Art is a kind of heat supply of utilization shallow underground thermal source and Refrigeration Technique, can reach the effect of cooling in summer and Winter heat supply.State
Outer and achieve significant effect with regard to having had suitable in-depth study to the exploitation of geothermal energy resources, but China
At present fairly limited to the exploitation of underground heat, limited due to by floor space, China not on a large scale interior promote and
Using how realizing efficiently utilizing geothermal energy resources, be reasonably one using the land area that terrestrial heat pump is occupied simultaneously
Individual good problem to study.
Content of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation to fill with accumulation of energy
Put, the length of underground heat pipe can be greatly increased, increase heat exchanger effectiveness, and the soil shared by effectively utilizes pile-raft foundation
Area, the utilization rate to geothermal energy resources for the lifting.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model be employed technical scheme comprise that：A kind of energy based on pile-raft foundation
Amount collection and energy storage equipment, including raft plate and pile foundation, are provided with energy geotextiles, raft plate and energy soil between raft plate and soft layer
It is equipped with the first heat pipe of horizontal direction, pile foundation is vertically arranged in soft layer, is provided with the second heat conduction in pile foundation in work cloth
Pipe, two-layer first heat pipe in raft plate and energy geotextiles passes through the second joint and connects, the first heat conduction in energy geotextiles
Pipe is connected by joint between the second heat pipe；
Below raft plate and raft plate, the energy geotextiles of setting are divided into multiple units, include many piles in each unit
Base, is connected by connecting tube between the second heat pipe in adjacent two pile bases, and connecting tube and the second heat pipe are also by joint
Connect.
Preferably in scheme, in the first heat pipe on raft plate in each described unit, energy geotextiles first
The second heat pipe in heat pipe and multiple pile foundation is composed in series an independent loop, the two ends of independent loop respectively with heat conduction material
Material inlet pipe, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe connect, and Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe are provided with multiple independent loops, independent loop
Between be connected in parallel.
Preferably in scheme, in described Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe, the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe
Filling gas Heat Conduction Material, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe is provided with air compressor, and Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe is provided with air-conditioning system and sends out
Electric system.
Preferably in scheme, described Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe and air-conditioning system connecting pipe are additionally provided with pressure regulating valve.
Preferably in scheme, in described Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe, the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe
Liquid filling body Heat Conduction Material, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe is away from one end of the first heat pipe, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe away from the second heat pipe
One end be all connected with earth source heat pump.
Preferably in scheme, in described independent loop, Heat Conduction Material is entered by Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe, sequentially passes through raft plate
On the first heat pipe, enter Heat Conduction Material after the second heat pipe in the first heat pipe and multiple pile foundation in energy geotextiles
In outlet pipe.
Preferably in scheme, the second heat pipe colligation in described pile foundation is fixed on the longitudinal reinforcement in pile foundation.
Preferably in scheme, the first described heat pipe and the second heat pipe adopt polyethylene pipe.
Preferably in scheme, the first heat pipe in raft plate on described independent loop, the second heat pipe are equipped with
Valve, valve is arranged on one end of close Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe on the first heat pipe and on the second heat pipe near Heat Conduction Material
On one end of outlet pipe.
Preferably in scheme, the piping mode of the second described heat pipe includes at least one in spirality and U-shaped.
Preferably in scheme, the section of heat pipe, using oval, is imitated with increasing the heat exchange between heat pipe and underground heat
Rate.
A kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation provided by the utility model and energy storage equipment, by using above-mentioned knot
Structure, has the advantages that：
（1）Can be big by the use of the space embedding as heat conduction pipe fitting inside pile-raft foundation, and pile foundation depth is big, available
Geothermal energy resources enrich, and using piping mode of the present utility model, can make full use of the structure of pile-raft foundation, realize geothermal energy resources
Efficient utilization and the purpose of storage；
（2）Energy geotextiles are utilized to replace the waterproof material of raft plate bottom, simultaneously in energy geotextiles in the utility model
One layer of heat pipe of middle setting, can also realize energy exchange in the effect not affecting waterproof simultaneously；
（3）The piping mode that the utility model designs in pile foundation has two kinds：Spirality heat pipe and U-shaped heat pipe, two
Kind of mode all considerably increases the length of heat pipe in pile foundation, two kinds of pipes can direct colligation genesis analysis in pile foundation steel
On muscle, do not interfere with the stress performance of pile foundation；
（4）In the utility model, heat pipe adopts elliptic cross-section, increases the volume of the heat exchange of heat pipe, increases simultaneously
The big contact area with concrete for the heat pipe, can effectively improve the heat exchanger effectiveness of pipe fitting, be capable of geothermal energy resources
Efficient utilization；
（5）In the utility model, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe and Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe are respectively provided with valve, can conveniently carry out
Inspection in the control in single loop and later stage running, is capable of in the situation not affecting whole system normal work
Under, single or multiple loops are overhauled simultaneously；
（6）By changing the Heat Conduction Material in heat pipe（Gas conduction material or liquid thermal conductivity material）, realize different
Function, such as be can act as the cooling and warming of air-conditioning, floor can be carried out using liquid thermal conductivity material using gas conduction material
Heat or cooling, and make full use of geothermal energy and stablize and the big feature of reserves, air is pressed into heat conduction by air compressor
Pipe, makes its temperature reduce by the exchange of energy, discharges gases at high pressure and heat, using air push vapour when peak of power consumption
Turbine generate electricity it is achieved that conversion from geothermal energy to electric energy；
（7）In the utility model, heat pipe is distributed in different regions, can pre-set heat pipe, then press during construction
According to the sequence of construction construction of concrete, after completing concrete pouring construction, connecting the heat pipe to zones of different using joint
It is attached, make site operation convenient.
Brief description
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Fig. 1 is pile-raft foundation organigram of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 adopts general plane structure chart during liquid thermal conductivity material for the utility model.
Fig. 3 adopts general plane structure chart during gas conduction material for the utility model.
Fig. 4 is independent loop overlooking the structure diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is that the second heat pipe of the present utility model adopts pile foundation and the second heat pipe structural representation during helical structure
Figure.
Fig. 6 is that the second heat pipe of the present utility model adopts pile foundation and the second heat pipe structural representation during U-shaped structure.
Fig. 7 is energy geotextiles structural representation of the present utility model.
In figure：Raft plate 1, pile foundation 2, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4, valve 5, pressure regulating valve 6, air-conditioning system
7, earth source heat pump 8, electricity generation system 9, the first heat pipe 10, the second heat pipe 10 ', joint 11, energy geotextiles 12, air compresses
Machine 13, soft layer 14, connecting tube 15.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
When using gas conduction material：
It is provided with energy geotextiles 12 between raft plate 1 and soft layer 14, in raft plate 1 and energy geotextiles 12, be equipped with level
First heat pipe 10 in direction, pile foundation 2 is vertically arranged in soft layer 14, is provided with the second heat pipe 10 ', raft plate in pile foundation 2
1 and energy geotextiles 12 in two-layer the first heat pipe 10 pass through the second joint 11 ' connect, first in energy geotextiles 12
It is connected by joint 11 between heat pipe 10 and the second heat pipe 10 '；
The energy geotextiles 12 of raft plate 1 and raft plate 1 lower section setting are divided into multiple units, include many in each unit
Pile base 2, is connected by connecting tube 15 between the second heat pipe 10 ' in adjacent two pile bases 2, connecting tube 15 and the second heat conduction
Pipe 10 ' connects also by joint 11.
Preferably in scheme, in the first heat pipe 10 on the raft plate 1 in each described unit, energy geotextiles 12
The second heat pipe 10 ' in first heat pipe 10 and multiple pile foundation 2 is composed in series an independent loop, and the two ends of independent loop are divided
It is not connected with Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4 are provided with multiple independences
Loop, is connected in parallel between independent loop.
Preferably in scheme, described Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4, the first heat pipe 10 and the second heat conduction
Filling gas Heat Conduction Material in pipe 10 ', Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3 is provided with air compressor 13, and Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4 is provided with sky
Adjusting system 7 and electricity generation system 9.
Preferably in scheme, described Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4 and air-conditioning system 7 connecting pipe are additionally provided with pressure regulating valve 6.
Preferably in scheme, in described independent loop, Heat Conduction Material is entered by Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, sequentially passes through raft
The second heat pipe 10 ' in the first heat pipe 10 and multiple pile foundation 2 in the first heat pipe 10 on plate 1, energy geotextiles 12
Enter afterwards in Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4.
Preferably in scheme, the second heat pipe 10 ' colligation in described pile foundation 2 is fixed on the longitudinal reinforcement in pile foundation 2
On.
Preferably in scheme, the first described heat pipe 10 and the second heat pipe 10 ' adopt polyethylene pipe.
Preferably in scheme, on the first heat pipe 10 in the raft plate 1 on described independent loop, the second heat pipe 10 '
It is equipped with valve 5, valve 5 is arranged on one end of close Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3 on the first heat pipe 10 and the second heat pipe 10 '
On one end of upper close Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4.
Preferably in scheme, the piping mode of the second described heat pipe 10 ' includes in spirality and U-shaped at least one
Kind.
During using said structure, the concrete operating principle of whole system is as follows：
Heat-conducting gas is entered in heat pipe by earth source heat pump, in raft plate, energy geotextiles and pile foundation, is handed over by heat
Change, realize rising or the decline of heat-conducting gas temperature, gather geothermal energy resources, finally complete the gas after heat exchange and be passed directly into
In air-conditioning system, realize the cooling and warming to air-conditioning system.
Meanwhile, the valve on low power consumption period, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe, opens the valve on all Heat Conduction Material inlet pipes
Door, with air compressor, air is pressed in caisson, on the one hand converts electrical energy into air compression potential energy and is stored, separately
One side compressed air carries out energy exchange by heat pipe and underground heat, realizes temperature and rises（Winter）Or decline（Summer）；
In the peak of power consumption period, open the valve in Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe and heating high-pressure gas body make it expand against steam turbine power generation,
There is provided effective energy to supplement for building and adjust.
Said structure is applied to situation about be filled with heat pipe using gas conduction material, using gas conduction material
During material, heat exchange can be carried out using gas and geothermal energy resources, form cold air or hot-air, realize air-conditioning is freezed or
Heat, reach purpose cool in summer and warm in winter, and can power in peak times of power consumption it is ensured that the normal power supply of building.
Embodiment 2：
When using liquid thermal conductivity material：
It is provided with energy geotextiles 12 between raft plate 1 and soft layer 14, in raft plate 1 and energy geotextiles 12, be equipped with level
First heat pipe 10 in direction, pile foundation 2 is vertically arranged in soft layer 14, is provided with the second heat pipe 10 ', raft plate in pile foundation 2
1 and energy geotextiles 12 in two-layer the first heat pipe 10 pass through the second joint 11 ', the first heat conduction in energy geotextiles 12
It is connected by joint 11 between pipe 10 and the second heat pipe 10 '；
The energy geotextiles 12 of raft plate 1 and raft plate 1 lower section setting are divided into multiple units, include many in each unit
Pile foundation 2, is connected by connecting tube 15 between the second heat pipe 10 ' in adjacent two pile bases 2, connecting tube 15 and the second heat pipe
10 ' connect also by joint 11.
Preferably in scheme, in the first heat pipe 10 on the raft plate 1 in each described unit, energy geotextiles 12
The second heat pipe 10 ' in first heat pipe 10 and multiple pile foundation 2 is composed in series an independent loop, and the two ends of independent loop are divided
It is not connected with Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4 are provided with multiple independences
Loop, is connected in parallel between independent loop.
Preferably in scheme, described Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4, the first heat pipe 10 and the second heat conduction
Liquid filling body Heat Conduction Material in pipe 10 ', Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3 away from one end of the first heat pipe 10, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4 away from
One end of second heat pipe 10 ' is all connected with earth source heat pump 8.
Preferably in scheme, in described independent loop, Heat Conduction Material is entered by Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3, sequentially passes through raft
The second heat pipe 10 ' in the first heat pipe 10 and multiple pile foundation 2 in the first heat pipe 10 on plate 1, energy geotextiles 12
Enter afterwards in Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4.
Preferably in scheme, the second heat pipe 10 ' colligation in described pile foundation 2 is fixed on the longitudinal reinforcement in pile foundation 2
On.
Preferably in scheme, the first described heat pipe 10 and the second heat pipe 10 ' adopt polyethylene pipe.
Preferably in scheme, on the first heat pipe 10 in the raft plate 1 on described independent loop, the second heat pipe 10 '
It is equipped with valve 5, valve 5 is arranged on one end of close Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe 3 on the first heat pipe 10 and the second heat pipe 10 '
On one end of upper close Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe 4.
Preferably in scheme, the piping mode of the second described heat pipe 10 ' includes in spirality and U-shaped at least one
Kind.
During using said structure, the concrete operating principle of whole system is as follows：
Conductive fluid enters in heat pipe by earth source heat pump, in raft plate, energy geotextiles and pile foundation, by heat exchange,
Realize rising or the decline of heat conduction liquid temp, gather geothermal energy resources, then pass through earth-source hot-pump system to the energy collecting
Changed, realized summer cooling and the heat supply in winter of building.
Said structure is applied to situation about be filled with heat pipe using liquid thermal conductivity material, using liquid thermal conductivity material
During material, heat exchange can be carried out using liquid and geothermal energy resources, the liquid after completing heat exchange flow to the pipeline below base plate
In, play the purpose to indoor heating or cooling.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation and energy storage equipment, including raft plate（1）And pile foundation（2）, it is characterized in that：Raft plate
（1）With soft layer（14）Between be provided with energy geotextiles（12）, raft plate（1）With energy geotextiles（12）In be equipped with level side
To the first heat pipe（10）, pile foundation（2）It is vertically arranged in soft layer（14）In, pile foundation（2）Inside it is provided with the second heat pipe
（10’）, raft plate（1）With energy geotextiles（12）In two-layer first heat pipe（10）By the second joint（11’）Connect, energy
Source geotextiles（12）In the first heat pipe（10）With the second heat pipe（10’）Between pass through joint（11）Connect；
Raft plate（1）And raft plate（1）The energy geotextiles of lower section setting（12）It is divided into multiple units, include in each unit
Many piles base（2）, adjacent two pile bases（2）The second interior heat pipe（10’）Between pass through connecting tube（15）Connect, connecting tube
（15）With the second heat pipe（10’）Also by joint（11）Connect.
2. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 1 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：Described
Each unit in raft plate（1）On the first heat pipe（10）, energy geotextiles（12）On the first heat pipe（10）With many
Individual pile foundation（2）In the second heat pipe（10’）Be composed in series an independent loop, the two ends of independent loop respectively with Heat Conduction Material
Inlet pipe（3）, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）Connect, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）It is provided with and multiple independently return
Road, is connected in parallel between independent loop.
3. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：Described
Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）, the first heat pipe（10）With the second heat pipe（10’）Interior filling gas are led
Hot material, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）It is provided with air compressor（13）, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）It is provided with air-conditioning system（7）With
Electricity generation system（9）.
4. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 3 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：Described
Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）With air-conditioning system（7）Pressure regulating valve is additionally provided with connecting pipe（6）.
5. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：Described
Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）, the first heat pipe（10）With the second heat pipe（10’）Interior liquid filling body is led
Hot material, Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）Away from the first heat pipe（10）One end, Heat Conduction Material outlet pipe（4）Away from the second heat pipe
（10’）One end all and earth source heat pump（8）Connect.
6. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：Described
Independent loop in, Heat Conduction Material is by Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）Enter, sequentially pass through raft plate（1）On the first heat pipe（10）、
Energy geotextiles（12）On the first heat pipe（10）With multiple pile foundations（2）In the second heat pipe（10’）Enter heat conduction material afterwards
Material outlet pipe（4）In.
7. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 1 and 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：
Described pile foundation（2）In the second heat pipe（10’）Colligation is fixed on pile foundation（2）On interior longitudinal reinforcement.
8. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 1 and 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：
The first described heat pipe（10）With the second heat pipe（10’）Using polyethylene pipe.
9. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：Described
Independent loop on raft plate（1）In the first heat pipe（10）, the second heat pipe（10’）On be equipped with valve（5）, valve
（5）It is arranged on the first heat pipe（10）Upper close Heat Conduction Material inlet pipe（3）One end on and the second heat pipe（10’）Go up close leading
Hot material outlet pipe（4）One end on.
10. a kind of energy acquisition based on pile-raft foundation according to claim 1 and 2 and energy storage equipment it is characterised in that：
The second described heat pipe（10’）Piping mode include at least one in spirality and U-shaped.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620729252.2U CN205939820U (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | Energy is gathered and energy storage equipment based on stake mat foundation plinth |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620729252.2U CN205939820U (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | Energy is gathered and energy storage equipment based on stake mat foundation plinth |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205939820U true CN205939820U (en) | 2017-02-08 |
Family
ID=57928139
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620729252.2U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205939820U (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | Energy is gathered and energy storage equipment based on stake mat foundation plinth |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205939820U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107905247A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-13 | 湖南中大经纬地热开发科技有限公司 | A kind of raft foundation using geothermal energy resources |
| CN106016837B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-06-15 | 三峡大学 | A kind of energy acquisition and energy storage equipment based on pile-raft foundation |
-
2016
- 2016-07-12 CN CN201620729252.2U patent/CN205939820U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106016837B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-06-15 | 三峡大学 | A kind of energy acquisition and energy storage equipment based on pile-raft foundation |
| CN107905247A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-13 | 湖南中大经纬地热开发科技有限公司 | A kind of raft foundation using geothermal energy resources |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20170208 Effective date of abandoning: 20180615 |
|
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |