CN205893846U - Anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area - Google Patents
Anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205893846U CN205893846U CN201620718790.1U CN201620718790U CN205893846U CN 205893846 U CN205893846 U CN 205893846U CN 201620718790 U CN201620718790 U CN 201620718790U CN 205893846 U CN205893846 U CN 205893846U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- basic unit
- cutting
- joint
- precracking
- road surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
Landscapes
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses an anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area, the road surface structure includes surface course, basic unit and precracking, and basic unit, surface course arrange in proper order from supreme down that the basic unit is including going to a grassroots level and upper base layer, and the surface course includes surface course and last surface course down, and lower surface course is arranged on upper base layer, be equipped with a plurality of precracking in the basic unit, precracking is including joint -cutting in advance, cementation of fissures material and paste the seam material, the upper end of the joint -cutting in advance seam and the upper base layer up end parallel and level of precracking, and the lower extreme of joint -cutting in advance of precracking runs through upper base layer and places in and go to a grassroots level, and the watering has a cementation of fissures material in the joint -cutting in advance of precracking, and the upper base layer up end is equipped with and corresponds the subsides of hugging closely with joint -cutting upper end seam in advance and stitch the material. The utility model discloses carry out active control in construction and crack that produces in the health preserving phase in the operation phase to semi rigid base course, change the extension law in the structure of road surface, the destruction of can the reflection of effectual reduction crack causing bituminous paving.
Description
Technical field
This utility model is related to field of road, and more particularly, to a kind of semi-rigid type base being applied to high temperature difference area resists
Split pavement structure.
Background technology
Recent two decades come, and highway in China development is swift and violent, road network layout gradual perfection, and industrial grade improves constantly, and has
Support to power society, economic sustained and rapid development.But meanwhile, the high speed of highway transportation, heavy loading are to highway base
The construction of Infrastructure and operation bring severe challenge.Under fully loaded transportation condition, for extenuating the dynamic effect to roadbed for the vehicular load, half
In the range of China and its extensively, China is also accumulated from a large amount of warps at aspects such as the construction of semi-rigid pavement, uses for rigid base
Test.However, engineering staff finds in practice, semi-rigid asphalt pavement has serious reflection crack problem, and this is
Become the Main Bottleneck of containment China Semi-Rigid Pavement Structure development.
Reflection crack be cracking old asphalt pavement internal fissure under the repeated action of traffic load and temperature load
Extend to the phenomenon of asphalt surface course.For semi-rigid asphalt pavement, usually because semi-rigid type base is in thermograde and wet
Produce contraction fissure first in the case of degree change, then in the presence of traffic load crack be reflected up to asphalt surface course and
Form the gap run through.It destroys globality and the seriality of pavement structure, and leads to structural strength to a certain extent
Weaken (as at crack, flexure increases, the modulus of resilience reduces etc.).Additionally, in the case of sleety weather, rainwater easily invades road surface,
Lead to basic unit's deliquescing, lead to pavement structure to decline under the repeat function of traffic load, purt mud phenomenon, the drip of crack both sides occur
Green material is damaged, pit-hole therewith it will be apparent that reducing traffic safety performance, Pavement Performance in Distress and life cycle cause
The impact that can not estimate.
In China, the maintenance that substantial contribution carries out highway infrastructures, wherein a big chunk maintenance will be put into every year
Engineering is related to the disease that reflection crack leads to.Therefore, it is highly desirable to existing Semi-Rigid Pavement Structure is optimized, solve
The reflection crack problem of semi-rigid pavement, for improving, highway durability is significant；Particularly with high temperature difference area
Road, will produce obvious economic benefit.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the crack reflection problem overcoming existing Semi rigid bituminous surface structure to exist, and provides
A kind of be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure, for semi-rigid type base construction preserving period in and
The crack producing in the operation phase carries out active control, changes the propagation law in pavement structure, can effectively reduce crack reflection
The destruction that bituminous paving is caused.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure being applied to high temperature difference area, including surface layer, basic unit and precracking, institute
State basic unit, surface layer is sequentially arranged from bottom to up, what described basic unit included being sequentially arranged from bottom to up goes to a grassroots level and upper basic unit, described
Surface layer includes the cutting optimal being sequentially arranged from bottom to up and upper layer, and described cutting optimal is arranged on basic unit；Described basic unit
In be provided with several precrackings, described precracking include pre- joint-cutting, gap-grouting material and patch seam material, the pre- joint-cutting of described precracking
Upper end sealing is concordant with upper basic unit upper surface, and the pre- joint-cutting lower end of described precracking is run through during basic unit is placed in going to a grassroots level,
Pour in the pre- joint-cutting of described precracking and be inoculated with gap-grouting material, described upper basic unit upper surface is provided with to sew on pre-cut holds sealing corresponding tight
The patch seam material of patch.
In order to this utility model is better achieved, it is provided with waterproof layer between described upper basic unit and cutting optimal, described waterproof layer
Constructed using stone mastic asphalt laying and form.
So that upper basic unit is more firm with the base layer structure of composition of going to a grassroots level, described upper basic unit and setting between going to a grassroots level
There is sealing, sealing is run through in the pre- joint-cutting lower end of described precracking.
When practice of construction uses, the lower section of going to a grassroots level of described basic unit is provided with roadbed, and roadbed is semi-rigid type base cracking resistance road
The structure sheaf of face structural base.
Preferably, going to a grassroots level of described basic unit is constructed and is formed by cement stabilized macadam laying with upper basic unit.
Preferably, in described basic unit, the spacing between two neighboring precracking is 10m, under the pre- joint-cutting of described precracking
It is to go to a grassroots level 1/3rd of overall vertical height that end is placed in the vertical height gone to a grassroots level.
Preferably, described upper layer is constructed using the laying of ogfc asphalt forming, the thickness of upper layer is 4cm；
Described cutting optimal is constructed using the laying of gac asphalt and is formed, and the thickness of cutting optimal is 6cm.
This utility model compared with the prior art, has advantages below and a beneficial effect:
(1) conventional Pavement on Semi-rigid Type Base needs to carry out the health preserving of basic unit before making surface layer, and typically all divides two
Layer or three layers of making, conditioned time needs more than ten days；And this utility model is with little need for health preserving, directly place Min layers in order
Build, have the advantages that speed of application is fast.
(2) conventional semi-rigid type base is all random cracking, and is formed just in the intensity gone to a grassroots level in this utility model
Phase just carries out the construction of sealing and upper basic unit, and the destruction of machinery causes it to produce more fine fisssure, goes up basic unit simultaneously and carry out joint-cutting
When, switch in the thickness range gone to a grassroots level, artificial releases temperature, drying shrinkage stress, the distribution more rule in crack, this sample
The basic crack of utility model is regular high.
(3) this utility model is provided with sealing and waterproof layer in the middle of upper and lower basic unit, the top of the upper basic unit bottom all with cutting optimal
Portion is provided with sealing and waterproof layer it is ensured that rainwater will not impact to basic unit.
(4) this utility model has carried out the cementation of fissures in pre- lancing location and patch seam is processed, and by the caking property of gap-grouting material, glues
The tensile property of poly- property and patch seam material is it is ensured that the overall performance of pavement structure.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is applied to the structural representation of the semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure in high temperature difference area for this utility model；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the pre- joint-cutting of Tu1Zhong rigid base anti-crack road surface structure.
Wherein, entitled corresponding to the reference in accompanying drawing:
1- upper layer, 2- cutting optimal, 3- waterproof layer, the upper basic unit of 4-, 5- sealing, 6- goes to a grassroots level, 7- roadbed, 8-
Pre- joint-cutting, 9- patch seam material, 10- gap-grouting material.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, this utility model is described in further detail:
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 2, a kind of be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure, including surface layer,
Basic unit and precracking, basic unit, surface layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to up, and what basic unit included being sequentially arranged from bottom to up go to a grassroots level 6 and upper
Basic unit 4, surface layer includes the cutting optimal 2 being sequentially arranged from bottom to up and upper layer 1, and cutting optimal 2 is arranged on basic unit 4.Base
Layer in be provided with several precrackings, upper basic unit 4 construction after the completion of, basic unit 300h DEG C (h DEG C be conditioned time h and
The product of ambient temperature DEG C) position carries out pre- joint-cutting, and precracking includes pre- joint-cutting 8, gap-grouting material 10 and patch seam material 9, presplitting
The pre- joint-cutting 8 upper end sealing of seam is concordant with upper basic unit 4 upper surface, and pre- joint-cutting 8 lower end of precracking is run through basic unit 4 and is placed in down
In basic unit 6, pour in the pre- joint-cutting 8 of precracking and be inoculated with gap-grouting material 10, the gap-grouting material 10 of the present embodiment is preferably base joint grouting glue,
The gap-grouting material 10 of the present embodiment adopts the base joint grouting glue of Shanxi Xi Yuefa company limited research and development, and gap-grouting material 10 can be seam again
Material, gap-grouting material 10 is used for the focusing energy relying on the cohesive strength of gap-grouting material 10 to reduce base course crack, and in pre- joint-cutting 8
Gap-grouting material 10 is used for keeping the globality of cracking basic unit by the adhesion of gap-grouting material 10；Gap-grouting material 10 and base joint grouting glue
Purposes be specifically shown in document: Su little Lei. the making of high performance asphalt pavement base joint grouting glue and application [j]. Chinese Highway, 2012,
(20): 115-117.Upper basic unit 4 upper surface is provided with the patch be close to seam material 9 corresponding with pre- joint-cutting 8 upper end sealing.The present embodiment
Patch seam material 9 is preferably rubber matizhi stress absorption band, and patch seam material 9 adopts Shanxi Prov. Inst. of Traffic Sciences's independent research
Rubber matizhi stress absorption band.Rubber matizhi stress absorption band and patch seam material 9 are specifically shown in document: Liu Zhisheng. just
Soft composite pavement crack reflection prevention technique progress [j]. material Leader, 2016,30 (2): p (89).
This utility model is preferably gone up and is provided with waterproof layer 3 between basic unit 4 and cutting optimal 2, and waterproof layer 3 adopts bitumastic
Macadam-aggregate mix laying is constructed and is formed, and stone mastic asphalt is by high-load coarse aggregate, high-load breeze, larger drip
Blue or green consumption, the framework dense structure type asphalt of low content median diameter granule composition, stone mastic asphalt
First Application has been in road engineering in Capital Airport expressway construction in 1992, current stone mastic asphalt
Commonly used arriveAsphalt.
As shown in figure 1, upper basic unit 4 and go to a grassroots level and be provided with sealing 5 between 6, sealing 5 is run through in pre- joint-cutting 8 lower end of precracking,
Sealing is a technical term in field of road, a kind of thin layer compound that sealing is prepared by materials such as Colophonium, building stones, envelope
The manufacture raw material of layer is commonly referred to slurry seal es-1 type.Sealing 5 is constructed using the laying of slurry seal es-1 type as can be seen here
Form.The sealing 5 of the present embodiment can also be constructed using stone mastic asphalt laying and form.
In actual pavement structure work progress, going to a grassroots level of basic unit is provided with roadbed 7 below 6.
Going to a grassroots level of the present embodiment basic unit 6 is constructed and is formed by cement stabilized macadam laying with upper basic unit 4.
As shown in figure 1, the spacing between two neighboring precracking is 10m in basic unit, pre- joint-cutting 8 lower end of precracking is placed in
6 vertical height of going to a grassroots level preferably goes to a grassroots level 1/3rd of 6 overall vertical height, under the pre- joint-cutting of this utility model 8
It is to go to a grassroots level the 1/4～1/3 of 6 overall vertical height that end is placed in 6 vertical height of going to a grassroots level.
The preferred upper layer of this utility model 1 is constructed using the laying of ogfc asphalt and is formed, ogfc asphalt
For one of asphalt, and commonly referred to open-shelf range asphalt.Specific practice is shown in the Chinese people
Republic's industry standard (standard specification for construction and acceptance of highway asphalt pavement jtg f40 2004) table 5.3.2-4；The thickness of upper layer 1
For 4cm.Cutting optimal 2 is constructed using the laying of gac asphalt and is formed, and the thickness of cutting optimal 2 is 6cm, and gac asphalt is
The bituminous concrete ac type of improvement, specific practice is shown in People's Republic of China's industry standard, and (asphalt highway construction technology is advised
Model jtg f40 2004) table 5.3.2-1.The cutting optimal 2 of the present embodiment is constructed using the laying of gac-13c asphalt and is formed.
This utility model semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure is mainly the crack extenuating semi-rigid asphalt pavement
Reflection is asked, therefore semi-rigid type base is divided two-layer to construct, and carries out that sealing 5 is constructed and upper basic unit 4 applies after the completion of 6 constructions of going to a grassroots level immediately
Work 66 damages to going to a grassroots level by construction machinery it is therefore intended that going to a grassroots level during forming intensity, produces fine fisssure.And
Sealing 5 carries out adding stifled to fine fisssure, and plays the effect of waterproof.After the completion of the construction of upper basic unit 4, carry out pre- joint-cutting, by by upper base
The partial fracture of layer identical with the partial fracture gone to a grassroots level reaching Fracture distribution, the crack of pre-cut reaches lower base simultaneously
Layer 6, releases temperature contracting and the drying shrinkage stress within basic unit further.The cementation of fissures now carrying out pre- joint-cutting is processed, and crack is carried out
Closure, reduces the focusing energy of base course crack by the cohesive strength of gap-grouting material 10, keeps the entirety of cracking basic unit by adhesion
Property.And carry out pasting seam process, the impact to surface layer for the basic crack is extenuated by the tensile strength of patch seam material 9.Additionally, making is prevented
Water layer 3, carries out the water-proofing treatment of globality it is ensured that the durability of basic unit to basic unit.In making waterproof layer 3, in order to prevent heat
Technology of mixing leads to deform to the over-heating of patch seam material 9, and reduces due function, using temperature during waterproof layer 3 construction
The technology of mixing carries out the making of stone mastic asphalt.Cutting optimal 2 is comprehensively to refer to gac using gac asphalt
Good high temperature performance, and upper layer 1 is to consider that the summer high temperature on highway top layer can be extenuated in high temperature difference area using ogfc
With freezed in winter disease.
A kind of semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface construction method being applied to high temperature difference area, its method and step is as follows:
A, base layer construction: roadbed 7 of constructing out first, then it is built into using cement stabilized macadam laying on roadbed 7
Go to a grassroots level 6,6 damage and produce crack to going to a grassroots level by construction machinery in 6 work progress of going to a grassroots level；Going to a grassroots level 6
If top construct dried layer sealing 5, sealing 5 be used for go to a grassroots level 6 crack place be filled with block；Then above sealing 5
By cement stabilized macadam laying be built into upper basic unit 4, in upper basic unit 4 work progress by construction machinery on basic unit 4 make
Become to destroy and produce crack；
B, precracking construction: regular pattern of fractures process is carried out simultaneously to upper basic unit 4, sealing 5,6 basic units being constituted that go to a grassroots level
Obtain the pre- joint-cutting 8 that spacing is that 10m uniformly arranges, pre- joint-cutting 8 is blocked, in advance by pouring gap-grouting material 10 in each pre- joint-cutting 8
Gap-grouting material 10 in joint-cutting 8 is used for the focusing energy relying on the cohesive strength of gap-grouting material 10 to reduce base course crack, and pre- joint-cutting 8
In gap-grouting material 10 be used for by gap-grouting material 10 adhesion keep cracking basic unit globality；In upper basic unit 4 upper surface
The setting patch seam material 9 be close to corresponding with pre- joint-cutting 8 upper end sealing, reduces basic crack by the tensile strength of patch seam material 9
Impact to surface layer；
C, basic unit's integral waterproofing are processed: if the waterproof layer that dried layer is completely covered patch seam material 9 is constructed in laying in upper basic unit 4
3, waterproof layer 3 is used for basic unit being carried out with integral waterproofing process to guarantee the durability of basic unit；
D, surface construction: above waterproof layer 3, cutting optimal 2 and upper layer 1, cutting optimal 2 are constructed in laying successively from bottom to up
The cutting optimal that thickness is 6cm is built into using the laying of gac asphalt, upper layer 1 adopts ogfc asphalt to lay structure
Building up thickness is layer above 4cm.
Above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, is not of the present utility model for limiting
Implement with interest field, all equivalence changes made according to the content described in this utility model patent protection scope and near
Like replacing, all should fall in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure it is characterised in that: include surface layer, basic unit and
Precracking, described basic unit, surface layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to up, and described basic unit includes go to a grassroots level (6) being sequentially arranged from bottom to up
With upper basic unit (4), described surface layer includes the cutting optimal (2) being sequentially arranged from bottom to up and upper layer (1), described cutting optimal (2)
It is arranged on basic unit (4)；It is provided with several precrackings, described precracking includes pre- joint-cutting (8), cementation of fissures material in described basic unit
Material (10) and patch seam material (9), pre- joint-cutting (8) the upper end sealing of described precracking is concordant with upper basic unit (4) upper surface, described pre-
Pre- joint-cutting (8) lower end in crack is run through basic unit (4) and is placed in going to a grassroots level in (6), pours in the pre- joint-cutting (8) of described precracking
It is inoculated with gap-grouting material (10), described upper basic unit (4) upper surface is provided with the patch be close to seam material corresponding with pre- joint-cutting (8) upper end sealing
(9).
2. according to described in claim 1 be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure it is characterised in that:
It is provided with waterproof layer (3) between described upper basic unit (4) and cutting optimal (2).
3., according to the semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure being applied to high temperature difference area described in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In: described upper basic unit (4) and go to a grassroots level and be provided with sealing (5) between (6), sealing is run through in pre- joint-cutting (8) lower end of described precracking
(5).
4. according to described in claim 1 be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure it is characterised in that:
The going to a grassroots level of described basic unit is provided with roadbed (7) below (6).
5. according to described in claim 3 be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure it is characterised in that:
The going to a grassroots level of described basic unit (6) is constructed by cement stabilized macadam laying with upper basic unit (4) and is formed.
6. according to described in claim 1 be applied to high temperature difference area semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure it is characterised in that:
In described basic unit, the spacing between two neighboring precracking is 10m, and pre- joint-cutting (8) lower end of described precracking is placed in goes to a grassroots level
(6) vertical height be go to a grassroots level (6) entirety vertical height 1/3rd.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620718790.1U CN205893846U (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620718790.1U CN205893846U (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205893846U true CN205893846U (en) | 2017-01-18 |
Family
ID=57770877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620718790.1U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205893846U (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205893846U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106012743A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-10-12 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Semi-rigid base layer anti-cracking pavement structure and construction method suitable for high-temperature-difference area |
| CN112195702A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-08 | 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 | Method for setting induction seams of asphalt pavement base |
-
2016
- 2016-07-08 CN CN201620718790.1U patent/CN205893846U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106012743A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-10-12 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Semi-rigid base layer anti-cracking pavement structure and construction method suitable for high-temperature-difference area |
| CN106012743B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-09-14 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure and construction method suitable for high temperature difference area |
| CN112195702A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-08 | 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 | Method for setting induction seams of asphalt pavement base |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106012743B (en) | Semi-rigid type base anti-crack road surface structure and construction method suitable for high temperature difference area | |
| CN111021178B (en) | Cement-stabilized anti-crack base newly-built pavement structure and construction method and application thereof | |
| CN108086113A (en) | A kind of road surface precast assembly fast repairing method for being suitable for southern damp-heat area | |
| CN204825551U (en) | Waterproof crack control bituminous paving structure | |
| CN102225855B (en) | Wear-resistant noise-reducing thermal-insulating modified emulsified asphalt mortar paint | |
| CN104652371B (en) | The glue of crossing set up based on old dam coagulates rock-fill dams and construction method thereof | |
| CN104452510B (en) | Immediate construction method of rural road | |
| CN205893846U (en) | Anti road surface structure of splitting of semi rigid base course suitable for high temperature difference area | |
| CN104532716A (en) | Assembly asphalt pavement for desert highway and construction method of assembly asphalt pavement | |
| CN103334365B (en) | The paving structure of a kind of fast quick-recovery road surface and bridge floor function and paving method | |
| CN213625024U (en) | Cold regeneration road surface structure of emulsified asphalt | |
| CN210657855U (en) | Filling type large-particle-size cement stabilized base asphalt pavement structure | |
| CN205421015U (en) | Bridge hinge joint seal structure | |
| CN110820466A (en) | Quick repairing method for cement concrete pavement | |
| CN112301826A (en) | Emulsified asphalt cold-recycling pavement structure and rapid curing method for pavement | |
| CN111041929A (en) | Light-emitting pervious concrete road based on recycled aggregate and construction method thereof | |
| KR100991501B1 (en) | Permeable concrete and paving method for road using the same | |
| CN204000529U (en) | Engineering asphalt pavement structure | |
| CN204435150U (en) | A kind of desert highway assembling flexible pavement | |
| CN206127797U (en) | Prefabricated piece of repairing of bituminous paving | |
| CN1115445C (en) | Construction method for preventing airport surface from forming crack and crushed stone | |
| CN210657926U (en) | Composite grid anti-cracking belt suitable for treating early cracks of semi-rigid base layer | |
| CN204185743U (en) | A kind of Desulphurization roadbed cement pavement structure | |
| CN203668790U (en) | Modified graded broken stone base pavement structure | |
| CN208055793U (en) | A kind of structure using plain concrete and reinforced concrete repairing road |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20170118 Effective date of abandoning: 20180914 |
|
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |