CN205878647U - Spotlight hot water system - Google Patents

Spotlight hot water system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205878647U
CN205878647U CN201620800604.9U CN201620800604U CN205878647U CN 205878647 U CN205878647 U CN 205878647U CN 201620800604 U CN201620800604 U CN 201620800604U CN 205878647 U CN205878647 U CN 205878647U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
guide rod
hot water
optically focused
water tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201620800604.9U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄金
刘宇航
王海
胡艳鑫
蔡明臻
卢梓健
李晓朋
黄凯鑫
谢上子
陈木生
卓兆城
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong University of Technology filed Critical Guangdong University of Technology
Priority to CN201620800604.9U priority Critical patent/CN205878647U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN205878647U publication Critical patent/CN205878647U/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47Mountings or tracking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

The utility model provides a spotlight hot water system through position and the angle that fresnel lens was adjusted to the conditioning controller, makes it perpendicular with the incident ray of sun all day. Because the spotlight principle, the focus makes its temperature sharply rise on dropping on first pulsation heat pipe, and the hot working medium heat absorption temperature of leading in the first pulsation heat pipe risees and the gasification, expands rapidly, steps up, promotes working medium and pours into second pulsation heat pipe. The water that the second vein moved among interior working medium of heat pipe and the water tank main body carries out abundant heat exchange, the exothermic condensation of working medium, temperature pressure decrease. Because the pressure that exists is uneven, lead to forming the first pulsation heat pipe and the second pulsation heat pipe pipe inner pressure nonuniform distribution in closed circulation return circuit, intraductal working medium is formed with pulsatory circulation to realize thermal high -efficient transmission. This scheme has realized fresnel lens's fixed focus spotlight, has improved collecting efficiency, adopts the pulsation heat pipe in closed circulation return circuit, has strengthened thermal high -efficient transmission and has reached energy -conserving effect.

Description

A kind of optically focused hot water apparatus
Technical field
This utility model relates to solar energy development and utilizes technical field, particularly relates to a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus.
Background technology
Solar energy is to be distributed in regenerative resource the most extensively, almost spreads in each corner in the whole world, takes most convenient, Reserves are the abundantest, are inexhaustible.Up to now, one of product that China's solar thermal utilization is the most ripe is Solar water heater, solar water heater industry is that China has independent intellectual property right, industrial chain is complete, possess certain industry rule Mould and the market space, meet the important emerging industry of low-carbon environment-friendly requirement and sustainable development.At present, sun market sold The heat collector of energy water heater is commonly flat and electron tubes type, and expensive, by heat transfer free convection thermal-arrest, heat exchange efficiency is relatively Low, and be all fixed installation when using, together with sunlight receiver close installation usual with boiler, boiler easily limits The sunlight receiver processed optically focused to sunlight, the specification of collecting lens is not easy to change.Along with sun operating from West to East, The angle of sunlight receiver is also changed by incident illumination, the simple in construction of sunlight receiver, its direction and the change of angle Changing difficulty relatively large, the conversion of optically focused focus makes the collecting efficiency of sunlight low, relatively low to the utilization rate also ratio of the energy.
Therefore, for the problems referred to above, it is badly in need of providing a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus, it is possible to realize fixed-focus optically focused, improve Collecting efficiency.
Utility model content
This utility model provides a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus, can either pass through the fixed-focus optically focused of Fresnel Lenses, Collecting efficiency can be improved again.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, this utility model provides a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus, including Fresnel optical collector, collection Hot device and water tank;Wherein, described Fresnel Lenses condenser includes Fresnel Lenses and for fixing and regulating described luxuriant and rich with fragrance alunite The governor motion of your lens position, described governor motion includes regulating support and controlling what described regulation support rotated with sunlight Regulation controller;
Described heat collector includes heat collector shell and the first pulsating heat pipe being arranged in described heat collector shell, described collection Hot device cover top portion is transparent cover plate, and the focus of described Fresnel Lenses condenser is directed at described transparent cover plate;
Described water tank includes water tank main body and the second pulsating heat pipe being arranged in described water tank, described second pulsation heat Two ends with described first pulsating heat pipe respectively, the two ends of pipe are connected.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, described first pulsating heat pipe is the pulsation heat of conical helical pattern coiling Pipe.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, described second pulsating heat pipe is the pulsating heat pipe of helical coil.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, the outer surface of described first pulsating heat pipe scribbles the suction of high-absorbility Hot coating.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, also include being wrapped in outside the outside and/or described water tank of described heat collector The heat-insulation layer in portion.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, described heat collector shell is fixedly connected on described water tank by floor On.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, described water tank also includes the blowdown being arranged in described water tank main body Valve and be arranged on the air relief valve in described water tank main body.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, described rotation governor motion include first manual regulation guide rod, second Manually regulate guide rod, the 3rd manually regulate guide rod, three telescopic poles, transverse axis, scalable pole axis and base support;Its In,
One end of described scalable pole axis is connected with described regulation controller by shaft coupling, and is arranged on described base and props up On frame, the other end of described scalable pole axis is arranged on described transverse axis;
First manual regulation guide rod, the second-hand being respectively arranged with on the frame of described Fresnel Lenses slidably and position Dynamic regulation guide rod and the 3rd manually regulates guide rod;
Three described telescopic poles one end respectively connects described first manual regulation guide rod, described second manually regulates Guide rod and the described 3rd manually regulates guide rod;
Wherein the other end of two described telescopic poles connects the two ends of described transverse axis respectively, scalable described in another root The other end of strut connects described scalable pole axis.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, wherein two described telescopic poles slidably connect with described transverse axis Connect, telescopic pole described in another root and described scalable pole axis slidable connection.
Preferably, in above-mentioned optically focused hot water apparatus, described first manual regulation guide rod, described second manually regulate guide rod Manually regulating guide rod with the described 3rd is bow.
Above-mentioned a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus provided by the utility model, including Fresnel optical collector, heat collector and water Case.Changing Pattern according to Various Seasonal sun altitude and sooner or later sun's motion track, by the regulation control of governor motion Device processed can regulate position and the angle of Fresnel Lenses, is allowed to vertical with the incident ray of sun all day.When sunlight is vertical When being radiated on Fresnel Lenses, due to concentrating light principles, focus is made just to fall in the first pulsation of heat collector through transparent cover plate On heat pipe, utilize photo-thermal effect, make the first pulsating heat pipe temperature drastically raise, as leading in the first pulsating heat pipe of collecting end of heat Hot working fluid raises due to endothermic temperature and gasifies, and expands rapidly and boosting, promotes working medium to pour into the second pulsation as condensation end Heat pipe.Working medium in second pulsating heat pipe is owing to carrying out sufficient heat exchange, working medium exothermic condensation, temperature with the water in water tank main body Pressure reduces, and due to the pressure imbalance existed, causing the first pulsating heat pipe and the second pulsating heat pipe is that a closed cycle is returned The pulsating heat pipe overpressure skewness on road, intraductal working medium is formed with the circulation of pulsation, thus realizes the efficient biography of heat Pass.Compared with the problem such as bigger with the direction of the whole system of optically focused hot water apparatus in prior art and the change difficulty of angle, this The optically focused hot water apparatus that scheme is provided, by position and the angle of regulation controller control and regulation bracket adjustment Fresnel Lenses Degree, is allowed to vertical with the incident ray of sun all day, it is achieved that the fixed-focus optically focused of Fresnel Lenses, improves collection thermal effect Rate.Use the pulsating heat pipe in closed cycle loop, both enhanced the efficient transmission of heat, turn avoid because the extra auxiliary of addition sets Standby and the equipment cost that increases and energy expenditure, reached energy-conservation effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that this utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment Or the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in description of the prior art, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only It is embodiment of the present utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, also Other accompanying drawing can be obtained according to the accompanying drawing provided.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus provided by the utility model.
In figure, Fresnel optical collector 1, Fresnel Lenses 11, governor motion 12, regulation controller 13, regulation support 14, the One manually regulates guide rod 141, second manually regulation guide rod the 142, the 3rd manually regulation guide rod 143, telescopic pole 144, transverse axis 145, scalable pole axis 146, base support 147;Heat collector 2, heat collector shell the 201, first pulsating heat pipe 202;Water tank 3, water Box main body the 301, second pulsating heat pipe 302, air relief valve 303, blowoff valve 304.
Detailed description of the invention
This utility model core is to provide a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus, can either be gathered by the fixed-focus of Fresnel Lenses Light, can improve again collecting efficiency.
In order to make those skilled in the art be more fully understood that this utility model scheme, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment The utility model is described in further detail.
Refer to Fig. 1, this utility model is provided a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus, including Fresnel optical collector 1, heat collector 2 And water tank 3.Fresnel Lenses condenser 1 includes Fresnel Lenses 11 and for fixing and regulating Fresnel Lenses 11 position Governor motion 12, governor motion 12 includes regulating support 14 and controlling to adjust the regulation controller that support 14 rotates with sunlight 13.Heat collector 2 includes heat collector shell 201 and the first pulsating heat pipe 202 being arranged in heat collector shell 201, outside heat collector Shell 201 top is transparent cover plate, the focus alignment transparent cover plate of Fresnel Lenses condenser 1.Water tank 3 includes water tank main body 301 And the second pulsating heat pipe 302 being arranged in water tank 3, the second pulsating heat pipe 302 and the first pulsating heat pipe 202 formed one whole Body closed cycle loop, and as the condensation end of pulsating heat pipe and two parts of collecting end of heat.
Operation principle is: according to Changing Pattern and the morning and evening sun's motion track of Various Seasonal sun altitude, pass through The regulation controller 13 of governor motion 12 can regulate position and the angle of Fresnel Lenses 11, is allowed to and the incidence of sun all day Light is vertical.When sunlight vertical irradiation is on Fresnel Lenses 11, due to concentrating light principles, make focus just through transparency cover Plate falls on the first pulsating heat pipe 202 of heat collector 2, utilizes photo-thermal effect, makes the first pulsating heat pipe 202 temperature as collecting end of heat Degree drastically raises, and the heat-conducting work medium in the first pulsating heat pipe 202 raises due to endothermic temperature and gasifies, and expands rapidly and boosting, Working medium is promoted to pour into the second pulsating heat pipe 302 as condensation end in water tank 3.Working medium in second pulsating heat pipe 302 due to Carrying out sufficient heat exchange with the water in water tank main body 301, working medium exothermic condensation, temperature, pressure reduces, due to the pressure that exists not Balance, causes the first pulsating heat pipe 202 and pulsating heat pipe overpressure that the second pulsating heat pipe 302 is a closed cycle loop Skewness, intraductal working medium is formed with the circulation of pulsation, thus realizes the efficient transmission of heat.With condensing thermal in prior art The direction of the whole system of water device and the change difficulty of angle is bigger etc. that problem is compared, the optically focused hot water dress that this programme is provided Put, by position and the angle of regulation controller control and regulation bracket adjustment Fresnel Lenses, be allowed to and the incidence of sun all day Light is vertical, it is achieved that the fixed-focus optically focused of Fresnel Lenses, and water tank is without following Fresnel Lenses condenser and heat collector Rotate, in the case of being greatly improved solar energy collecting efficiency, it is achieved the fixing heat absorption of water tank and heat accumulation.Employing closed cycle is returned The pulsating heat pipe on road, had both enhanced the efficient transmission of heat, and the equipment that turn avoid increases because adding additional aids becomes Basis and energy expenditure, reached energy-conservation effect.
It is further preferred that the first pulsating heat pipe 202 selects the pulsating heat pipe that conical helical pattern coils.Second pulsation The pulsating heat pipe of helical coil selected by heat pipe 302.This helical coil mode makes it carry out sufficient heat exchange, and heat waste is imitated Rate is minimum, and heat transfer efficiency is high.Select pulsating heat pipe, mainly choose the advantage of its self-loopa of can being heated, need not use by The devices such as pump promote working medium circulation flowing, therefore reduce equipment cost.Pulsating heat pipe compared with conventional heat pipe, the spy of its maximum Point is simple in construction centreless, and shape can arbitrarily bend, and equivalent heat transfer coefficient is big, and volume is little.Pulsating heat pipe is most promising The heat transfer element of high heat flux, miniaturization and low cost.
The outer surface of the first pulsating heat pipe 202 scribbles the heat absorbing coating of high-absorbility so that it is thermal absorptivity improves.Condensing thermal Water device also includes being wrapped in the heat-insulation layer outside heat collector 2 outside and/or water tank 3, prevents internal heat to scatter and disappear.Outside heat collector Shell 201 can also be fixedly connected on water tank 3 by floor.The air relief valve in water tank main body 301 it is provided with in water tank main body 301 303 and discharge the blowoff valve 304 of the internal dirt of water tank 3.When the water heated in whole water tank, when in water tank 3, temperature raises, pressure When power becomes big, after opening air relief valve 303 discharge pressure, turn off air relief valve 303 and continue to run with.
It addition, this programme additionally provides a kind of specific embodiment regulating support, regulation support 14 includes that first manual is adjusted Joint guide rod 141, second manually regulation guide rod the 142, the 3rd manually regulation 143, three telescopic poles 144 of guide rod, transverse axis 145, Scalable pole axis 146 and base support 147.Wherein, one end of scalable pole axis 146 is by shaft coupling and regulation controller 13 Connecting, and be arranged on base support 147, the other end of scalable pole axis 146 is arranged on transverse axis 145.Fresnel Lenses 11 Frame on first manual regulation guide rod 141, the second manually regulation guide rod 142 and the 3rd that is respectively arranged with slidably and positions Manually regulation guide rod 143.One end of three telescopic poles 144 connects first manual regulation guide rod 141, second respectively and manually adjusts Joint guide rod 142 and the 3rd manually regulates guide rod 143.Wherein the other end of two telescopic poles 144 connects transverse axis 145 respectively Two ends, the other end of another root telescopic pole 144 connects scalable pole axis 146.Therefore, regulation controller 13 can be by band The rotation of dynamic scalable pole axis 146, drives transverse axis 145 and the position adjustment of three telescopic poles 144, thus adjusts Fresnel The angle of lens 11, is allowed to vertical with the incident ray of sun all day.
Wherein, according to Changing Pattern and the morning and evening sun's motion track of Various Seasonal sun altitude, controller is regulated 13 can combine with manual regulative mode, adjust the angle of Fresnel Lenses 11.Regulation controller 13 uses step-by-step adjustment side Formula control and regulation support 14 rotates with sunlight, is converted into by complicated two-dimensional tracking one-dimensional relatively easy and easily controllable Step-by-step adjustment, it is simple to computer controls, the contradiction being in harmonious proportion between tracking accuracy and operating cost.Owing to Fresnel only need to be rotated Lens concentrator 1, therefore it rotates control and has only to a low power motor, greatly reduces the life of optically focused hot water apparatus Produce cost.
It addition, wherein two telescopic poles 144 and transverse axis 145 slidable connection, another root telescopic pole 144 with can Flexible pole axis 146 slidable connection so that the relative position of telescopic pole 144 is regulated, such that it is able to regulation Fresnel Position before and after lens 11.Compared with most of Fresnel Lenses condensers, its motility greatly strengthen, can be by first Manually regulation guide rod 141, second manually regulation guide rod the 142, the 3rd manually regulation guide rod 143, telescopic pole and scalable The length regulation of pole axis, adjusts according to the actual size parameter of Fresnel Lenses, position, angle etc. and focuses, greatly facilitate Change different concentration magnification, different focal, the Fresnel Lenses of different size specification, enhance the practicality of whole device.
First manual regulation guide rod 141, second manually regulation guide rod 142 and the 3rd manual regulation guide rod 143 are bow, The curved shape of bow is more beneficial for the slip of Fresnel Lenses 11, location.
Above a kind of optically focused hot water apparatus provided by the utility model is described in detail.Tool used herein Principle of the present utility model and embodiment are set forth by body example, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand Method of the present utility model and core concept thereof.It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, do not taking off On the premise of this utility model principle, it is also possible to this utility model is carried out some improvement and modification, these improve and modify Also fall in this utility model scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. an optically focused hot water apparatus, it is characterised in that include Fresnel optical collector (1), heat collector (2) and water tank (3);Its In,
Described Fresnel Lenses condenser (1) includes Fresnel Lenses (11) and is used for fixing and regulate described Fresnel Lenses (11) governor motion (12) of position, described governor motion (12) includes regulating support (14) and controlling described regulation support (14) The regulation controller (13) rotated with sunlight;
Described heat collector (2) includes heat collector shell (201) and the first pulsation heat being arranged in described heat collector shell (201) Pipe (202), described heat collector shell (201) top is transparent cover plate, and the focus of described Fresnel Lenses condenser (1) is directed at institute State transparent cover plate;
Described water tank (3) includes water tank main body (301) and the second pulsating heat pipe (302) being arranged in described water tank (3), institute State the two ends respectively with described first pulsating heat pipe (202), the two ends of the second pulsating heat pipe (302) to be connected, described first pulsation heat Pipe (202) and the second pulsating heat pipe (302) form the pulsating heat pipe in an overall closed cycle loop.
2. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described first pulsating heat pipe (202) is cone The pulsating heat pipe of shape helical coil.
3. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described second pulsating heat pipe (302) is spiral shell The pulsating heat pipe of rotation shape coiling.
4. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that outside described first pulsating heat pipe (202) Surface scribbles the heat absorbing coating of high-absorbility.
5. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include being wrapped in described heat collector (2) The heat-insulation layer that outside and/or described water tank (3) is outside.
6. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat collector shell (201) passes through rib Plate is fixedly connected on described water tank (3).
7. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described water tank (3) also includes being arranged on institute State the blowoff valve (304) in water tank main body (301) and be arranged on the air relief valve (303) on described water tank main body (301).
8. according to the optically focused hot water apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described regulation support (14) includes first-hand Dynamic regulation guide rod (141), second manually regulate guide rod (142), the 3rd manually regulate guide rod (143), three telescopic poles (144), transverse axis (145), scalable pole axis (146) and base support (147);Wherein,
One end of described scalable pole axis (146) is connected with described regulation controller (13) by shaft coupling, and is arranged on described On base support (147), the other end of described scalable pole axis (146) is arranged on described transverse axis (145);
Be respectively arranged with slidably on the frame of described Fresnel Lenses (11) and position first manual regulation guide rod (141), Second manually regulates guide rod (142) and the 3rd manually regulates guide rod (143);
One end of three described telescopic poles (144) connects described first manual regulation guide rod (141), described second-hand respectively Dynamic regulation guide rod (142) and the described 3rd manually regulates guide rod (143);
Wherein the other end of two described telescopic poles (144) connects the two ends of described transverse axis (145) respectively, described in another root The other end of telescopic pole (144) connects described scalable pole axis (146).
Optically focused hot water apparatus described in the most according to Claim 8, it is characterised in that wherein two described telescopic poles (144) with described transverse axis (145) slidable connection, telescopic pole (144) described in another root and described scalable pole axis (146) Slidable connection.
Optically focused hot water apparatus described in the most according to Claim 8, it is characterised in that described first manual regulation guide rod (141), described second manually regulate guide rod (142) and the described 3rd manually to regulate guide rod (143) be bow.
CN201620800604.9U 2016-07-27 2016-07-27 Spotlight hot water system Expired - Fee Related CN205878647U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107195925A (en) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-22 广东工业大学 A kind of microbial fuel cell based on phase-change material
CN108087219A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-05-29 朱兰英 A kind of simple power generator
CN110220319A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-09-10 广东工业大学 A kind of polar mounts Fresnel line focus device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107195925A (en) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-22 广东工业大学 A kind of microbial fuel cell based on phase-change material
CN108087219A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-05-29 朱兰英 A kind of simple power generator
CN110220319A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-09-10 广东工业大学 A kind of polar mounts Fresnel line focus device

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Granted publication date: 20170111

Termination date: 20180727