CN205858978U - 用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器和用于工业研磨机的驱动系统 - Google Patents

用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器和用于工业研磨机的驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN205858978U
CN205858978U CN201620567029.2U CN201620567029U CN205858978U CN 205858978 U CN205858978 U CN 205858978U CN 201620567029 U CN201620567029 U CN 201620567029U CN 205858978 U CN205858978 U CN 205858978U
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A·S·霍达里
D·A·凯克
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Danfoss AS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18Details
    • B02C17/24Driving mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/04Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates an elastic clutching, i.e. elastic actuating member, e.g. a diaphragm or a pneumatic tube
    • F16D25/042Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates an elastic clutching, i.e. elastic actuating member, e.g. a diaphragm or a pneumatic tube the elastic actuating member rotating with the clutch
    • F16D25/046Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates an elastic clutching, i.e. elastic actuating member, e.g. a diaphragm or a pneumatic tube the elastic actuating member rotating with the clutch and causing purely radial movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/02Overheat protection, i.e. means for protection against overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/18Sensors; Details or arrangements thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/102Actuator
    • F16D2500/1028Pneumatic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/104Clutch
    • F16D2500/10443Clutch type
    • F16D2500/1045Friction clutch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/11Application
    • F16D2500/1107Vehicles
    • F16D2500/111Agricultural
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/302Signal inputs from the actuator
    • F16D2500/3022Current
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/302Signal inputs from the actuator
    • F16D2500/3024Pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/304Signal inputs from the clutch
    • F16D2500/3041Signal inputs from the clutch from the input shaft
    • F16D2500/30415Speed of the input shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/304Signal inputs from the clutch
    • F16D2500/3042Signal inputs from the clutch from the output shaft
    • F16D2500/30426Speed of the output shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
    • F16D2500/70402Actuator parameters
    • F16D2500/7041Position

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种用于工业驱动器的可释放气动联轴器,该工业驱动器例如用于研磨机。变速马达具有输出轴,该输出轴设有和其一起旋转的凸缘,该凸缘上安装有多个径向可移动弧形元件,这些弧形元件在其径向内表面上具有摩擦垫。可膨胀环包围所述弧形元件并在膨胀的情况下迫使所述摩擦垫与联轴器输出轴上的环形摩擦表面进行驱动接触。弧形元件在贯穿它的轴向扭矩杆通道中具有U形底切部以用于缓解压力。在马达轴和联轴器输出轴上的分开的速度传感器向比较器提供信号,该比较器在感测到预定速度差的情况下向电气操作的阀提供信号,该阀从可膨胀环排出空气压力以释放所述联轴器。本实用新型还涉及具有这种联轴器的用于工业研磨机的驱动系统。

Description

用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器和用于工业研磨机的驱动 系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及工业轴驱动器并且特别地为用于研磨机的轴驱动器,该研磨机使用在4,000至15,000HP的范围内并且能够支持超过1,000,000英尺磅(1,350,000牛顿—米)的驱动力矩的相对较大的驱动马达。
背景技术
一般的用于这种装置的驱动器包括变速AC或DC马达,该马达通过摩擦联轴器驱动研磨机。迄今,这种摩擦联轴器已在马达输出轴上使用气动操作的可移动部件以摩擦地接合在研磨机动力输出轴上的环形被驱动表面。这种类型的联轴器已知为使用多个环形布置的径向可移动弧形元件,所述弧形元件上具有摩擦垫并且在可膨胀(充气)环的气动充气下可操作,以使得径向可移动元件上的摩擦垫接合环形被驱动表面并且将驱动轴连接到研磨机的输入轴。
在前述类型的用于研磨机的气动操作驱动联轴器中,径向可移动弧形元件使用贯穿的轴向通道,该轴向通道接收具有锚固在环形板中的端部的扭矩杆,所述环形板附接到用于一起旋转的马达动力输出轴。贯穿径向可移动弧形元件的所述轴向通道大致具有矩形横截面,该矩形横截面在径向方向上伸长的以阻止弧形元件在周向方向的移动,但是允许弧形元件在径向方向的移动。对该弧形元件设置另外的轴向通道以用于提供空气循环和冷却。但是,在使用中,由于研磨机中的非正常情况而引起的在联轴器中的扭矩的突然增加,用于扭矩杆通过弧形元件的轴向通道的径向延伸壁部分已发生结构失效。此外,在研磨机中的这种非正常情况的发生和操作研磨机所需要的扭矩突然增加的情况下,附加的扭矩载荷导致驱动马达的失效。
因此,希望能够提供一种保护用于工业研磨机的驱动马达的方法或装置,其避免由于突然的扭矩增加而失效,并且也防止在所述马达和研磨机之间的气动操作摩擦联接器中的弧形元件的结构失效。另外,增加元件对结构失效的抗性的元件设计也会惊人的昂贵。另外,对径向可移动弧形元件增加结构性材料来提供所希望的增加的结构强度会增加旋转元件的重量并且增加转动惯性力。
实用新型内容
本实用新型描述了一种针对上述问题的解决方案,以用于增加工业研磨机的气动操作式摩擦联轴器(联接器)中的弧形(拱形)元件的结构刚性,而不需要使旋转的弧形元件增加质量,该方案在于在贯穿径向可移动弧形元件的矩形轴向通道的径向内角部处设置轴向延伸的大致U形的底切部(切除部),扭矩杆被该矩形轴向通道接收。另外,本实用新型用于保护所述驱动马达不受由于研磨机中的非正常状况引起的突然扭矩增加的影响。轴速传感器设置在马达输出轴和研磨机的输入轴中,换言之,在气动操作式联轴器的输入和输出侧,这些传感器提供表征相关轴的信号。在接收来自传感器的表征预定速度差的信号后,比较器可操作以向螺线管操作式阀发送信号,所述阀排空在接合中保持摩擦联接的气动压力,因此立刻释放马达轴与研磨机轴的联接。
附图说明
图1是用于工业研磨机的驱动系统的示意图;
图2是用于附接到图1的系统的马达输出轴上的气动操作摩擦联轴器组件的立体图,其部分剖开以示出在径向可移动弧形元件中定位的扭矩杆;
图3是图2的组件的断开图,其示出了气动可膨胀操作装置;
图4用于图2的组件的一个径向可移动弧形元件的放大立体图;和
图5是图3的断开部分的放大图。
具体实施方式
参照图1-5,用于研磨机的工业驱动器总体用10表示并且包括气动操作的摩擦联轴器12,该联轴器12通过环形凸缘或盘18附接至驱动马达16的输出轴14,该环形凸缘或盘18附接至该轴14。马达输出轴14由邻近联轴器12放置的固定式枕座轴承(带座轴承,pillowblock bearing)28支承。
联轴器12具有包括环柱形外板或环22的组件20,所述环柱形外板或22具有附接至它的轴向间隔开并径向向内延伸的环形板24、26,所述环形板24、26具有保持在其中的多个径向可移动的弧形配置的元件30,每一弧形配置的元件30都具有在该元件的径向向内表面上附接至该元件的摩擦垫32。每一弧形元件30具有贯穿该元件的轴向延伸通道76,所述通道76具有在径向方向延长的大致矩形配置。贯穿弧形元件30的轴向通道76每个具有被贯穿该通道地轴向接收的扭矩杆34,所述扭矩杆34配置成与通道76的侧面紧密配合以阻止它们之间在周向方向(圆周方向)的相对移动,而允许弧形元件相对于扭矩杆34在径向方向的滑动移动。每一扭矩杆34的端部都被接收在设置于所述环形板24、26中的开孔35内,因而阻止扭矩杆相对于环形板24、26的移动。
研磨机48具有输入轴38,该输入轴38由固定式枕座轴承46支承,所述轴38具有径向向外延伸的凸缘或环形板40,所述环形板40具有柱状外环形凸缘42,该柱状外环形凸缘42与所述组件20的摩擦垫32一致地沿轴向延伸。环形凸缘42具有围绕其外周设置的环形摩擦表面44,可以理解的是,所述环形摩擦表面44能通过弧形元件30上的摩擦垫32接合。联轴器12通过在所述环22中围绕弧形元件30周向地设置的气动可膨胀元件或环36操作,并且具有贯穿该环22设置的入口23以用于向其中引入加压气体。
马达输出轴14和驱动马达具有贯穿它们居中地设置的通道50,该通道50与交叉通道(横通道)52连通,所述交叉通道52连接至管路58,该管路58的另一端连接至通道23。旋转联轴器54使通道50通过管路58连接至由附图标记60表示的加压气体源。管路58还连接至阀56的入口。
在操作时,可膨胀件36使用来自源60的气体压力膨胀,该气体压力在当前实践中处在75至125磅每平方英寸(517至862kPa)的范围内,以用于实现弧形元件30的移动,从而引起摩擦垫32与环形被驱动表面44接合并实现轴38的驱动。
轴速度传感器62邻近马达输出轴14设置,第二轴速度传感器68邻近研磨机的传动轴38设置。传感器62、68分别沿着线路64、70连接至比较器66的输入端,所述比较器66的输出端沿着线路72连接到用于操作阀56的螺线管74。当比较器66从传感器62、68的输入信号感测到预定速度差—该速度差在当前实践中设置为超过轴速度的5%—时,该比较器使螺线管操作器74来打开阀56并且通过排气端口82向大气排放管路58中的气体压力。参照图5,在扭矩杆34和弧形元件30中的通道76的径向外壁内表面之间设置有复位弹簧78,以从环形表面44向外地收回摩擦垫32。
参照图4,贯穿弧形元件30的每一轴向通道76均包括沿径向延伸的大致U形的底切部,该底切部沿径向向内延伸并且设置在由附图标记80表示的、该轴向通道的沿径向向内的角部,以提供由于扭矩杆导致的、通道76的侧壁的周向载荷的应力减轻。因此,已有弧形元件的扭矩承载能力极大地提高了,而不需要将会增加组件的旋转质量的附加材料。
本实用新型因而描述一种用于工业驱动器的驱动联轴器,特别为用于具有气动操作的摩擦联轴器的研磨机类型的。在其输入侧和输出侧的速度传感器提供给比较器表征联轴器的输入和输出轴的速度的信号。该比较器响应于感测到的超过5%的速度差来发射信号到螺线管以操作排泄阀来释放来自气动膨胀元件的气体压力,以用于立刻使驱动联接器释放,从而保护驱动马达免于由于突然的扭矩增加的破坏。来自驱动联轴器的每一径向可移动弧形元件均具有扭矩杆,该扭矩杆沿着其轴向被接收以用于周向地约束该扭矩杆,并且允许该扭矩杆的径向移动以用于和联轴器的输出轴的摩擦接合。用于扭矩杆的矩形截面通道具有设置在其径向向内的角部的底切部,以缓解压力并且增加弧形元件的扭矩承载能力,而不需要增加在弧形元件中的机构的数量。本实用新型的联轴器因而具有显著的增加的扭矩量,而不需重设计或改变花费,并且通过马达与输出轴的快速脱离联接,也能够保护驱动马达以免于受突然的扭矩增加的影响。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器,包括:
(a)可旋转的输入轴,它包括沿周向布置的多个径向可移动元件,所述径向可移动元件上具有驱动摩擦表面;
(b)可膨胀件,它能在流体加压下操作以使径向可移动元件径向移动;
(c)可旋转的输出轴,它具有围绕所述驱动摩擦表面设置的环形被驱动摩擦表面;
(d)第一速度传感器,它设置为用于感测输入轴的旋转速度并且能操作以提供表征所述输入轴的旋转速度的电信号;
(e)第二速度传感器,它设置为用于感测输出轴的旋转速度并且提供表征所述输出轴的旋转速度的电信号;
(f)流体压力管路,它连接至该可膨胀件并且能在连接至加压流体源的情况下操作以实现所述可膨胀件的膨胀,其中,在该可膨胀件膨胀时,该径向可移动元件被移动以迫使该驱动摩擦表面与该被驱动摩擦表面进行接触,从而实现输入轴与输出轴的旋转联接;
(g)电气致动的阀,它连接到所述流体压力管路并且能在通电时操作以实现该可膨胀件的减压;和
(h)比较器,它连接成接收第一和第二速度传感器的信号,并且能在检测到输入轴和输出轴的预定速度差时操作以提供用于实现阀的通电和联轴器的释放的输出信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器,其特征在于,该电气致动的阀包括螺线管操作式阀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器,其特征在于,所述径向可移动元件具有弧形构型,它带有穿过该径向可移动元件沿轴向延伸的开孔和穿过所述开孔延伸的扭矩杆,所述开孔具有在径向方向上伸长的整体矩形横截面,以允许相关元件的径向移动,其中,所述开孔的在径向上的内角部是底切部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器,其特征在于,所述底切部在横截面上为整体U形形状。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于工业驱动器的可释放联轴器,其特征在于,所述流体压力管路包括处于所述输入轴中的中心孔。
6.用于工业研磨机的驱动系统,包括:
(a)具有驱动轴的马达,所述驱动轴带有沿周向布置的多个径向可移动元件,该径向可移动元件上具有驱动摩擦表面;
(b)可膨胀件,它能在流体加压下操作以实现该径向可移动元件的径向移动;
(c)可旋转的被驱动轴,它具有围绕所述驱动摩擦表面设置的环形被驱动摩擦表面;
(d)减速传动装置,它具有连接到该被驱动轴的输入轴和连接到研磨机的输出轴;
(e)流体压力管路,它连接到所述可膨胀件,并且能在连接到流体压力源的情况下操作以实现该可膨胀件的膨胀,其中,在该可膨胀件膨胀时,所述径向可移动元件被移动以迫使所述驱动摩擦表面与所述被驱动摩擦表面进行接触,由此实现该马达的驱动轴与该被驱动轴的旋转联接,以用于传输动力到减速传动装置;
(f)第一速度传感器,它设置为感测所述驱动轴的旋转速度并且能操作以提供表征所述驱动轴的旋转速度的电信号;
(g)第二速度传感器,它设置为感测所述被驱动轴的旋转速度并且能操作以提供表征所述被驱动轴的旋转速度的电信号;
(h)电气致动的阀,它连接到所述流体压力管路并且能在通电的情况下操作以实现所述可膨胀件的减压;和
(i)比较器,它连接为用于接收第一和第二速度传感器的信号,并且能在检测到所述驱动轴和所述被驱动轴的预定速度差的情况下操作以提供实现阀的通电和联轴器的释放的输出信号。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于工业研磨机的驱动系统,其特征在于,所述流体压力管路包括处于所述马达的驱动轴中的中心孔。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用于工业研磨机的驱动系统,其特征在于,所述径向可移动元件具有弧形构型,它具有穿过该径向可移动元件沿轴向延伸的开孔和穿过所述开孔延伸的扭矩杆,所述开孔具有在径向方向上伸长的整体矩形的横截面,以允许相关元件的径向移动,其中,所述开孔的在径向上的内角部为底切部。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于工业研磨机的驱动系统,其特征在于,所述底切部在横截面上为整体U形形状。
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