CN205827249U - A kind of solar automatic tracking system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar energy automatic tracking system. The system includes a solar energy monitoring device and a bracket adjusting device. The solar energy monitoring device includes a light-proof box installed on a solar panel and a photosensitive resistor array arranged at the bottom of the box. A light-transmitting hole is provided in the center of the top of the box, and the photoresistor array is a parallel voltage divider circuit formed by connecting two or more photoresistors in series with ordinary metal film resistors respectively, and the voltage divider circuit is connected with a single-chip microcomputer; The bracket adjustment device is composed of an east-west adjustment mechanism and a north-south adjustment mechanism. The utility model monitors the solar energy in real time through the solar monitoring device, and adjusts the angle of the solar panel in an all-round way through the bracket adjustment device, so that the solar panel can receive as much solar energy as possible on the basis of saving power consumption to the greatest extent, ensuring It improves the accuracy of solar tracking and greatly increases the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

Description

A solar automatic tracking system

technical field

The utility model relates to a solar energy automatic tracking system, which belongs to the technical field of solar energy development and utilization.

Background technique

At present, the utilization of new energy has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life, but traditional solar panels are all fixed devices, always facing one direction, which greatly reduces the efficiency of solar energy collection; even now many can be automatically The angle-adjustable solar brackets also have the problems of complicated measuring devices, high cost, inflexible adjustment of mechanical devices, and insufficient stability.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a solar automatic tracking system with simple structure, low cost, high tracking accuracy and good stability, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time tracking solar energy on the basis of saving power consumption to the greatest extent, so that Solar panels receive as much solar energy as possible to improve the utilization rate of solar energy.

The technical scheme of the utility model: a solar energy automatic tracking method, first install a light-proof box on the solar panel, open a light-transmitting hole in the center of the top of the box, and arrange a photoresistor array at the bottom of the box at the same time, so that the photoresistor The photoresistor in the center of the array is located directly below the light-transmitting hole, and then the output signal of the photoresistor array is connected to the microcontroller; in this way, when the sunlight passing through the light-transmitting hole deviates from the photoresistor in the center of the photoresistor array and irradiates other photosensitive resistance, the microcontroller detects the change in the resistance of the corresponding photoresistor and can determine that the angle between sunlight and the solar panel is greater than a given threshold, so that the microcontroller can control the bracket adjustment device to adjust the angle of the solar panel until it passes through the light. The sunlight in the hole is irradiated on the photoresistor in the center of the photoresistor array again, so that the solar panel is always aligned with the sunlight.

In the above method, the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the mobile terminal through wireless communication. When the single-chip microcomputer starts, the single-chip microcomputer first detects the output signal of the photosensitive resistor array and the mobile terminal, and uses the output signal of the photosensitive resistor array and the mobile terminal as the setting single-chip microcomputer working mode basis, and the command execution priority of the mobile terminal is higher than that of the photoresistor array.

In the above method, when the single-chip microcomputer does not detect the output signal of the photoresistor array and the mobile terminal, the single-chip microcomputer cuts off the power supply of the motor, and the single-chip microcomputer enters a sleep mode, waiting for an interrupt to wake up.

In the above method, the single-chip microcomputer judges the light intensity by detecting a separate photoresistor and common resistance voltage divider, and judges whether it is sunny, rainy or dark according to the light intensity value, when the single-chip microcomputer detects the light on the photosensitive resistor When it is stronger than the set value, the single-chip microcomputer judges that the weather is sunny at the moment, and the single-chip microcomputer enters the working mode; when the single-chip microcomputer detects that the light intensity on the photoresistor is less than the set value, the time of the timer inside the single-chip microcomputer is 9:00～18 :00, the single-chip microcomputer judges that the weather at the moment is rainy, otherwise it is dark, when the single-chip microcomputer judges that the weather is cloudy and rainy at the moment, the single-chip microcomputer fixes the angle of the solar panel at the angle of the local ordinary solar panel; when it is judged to be dark, the single-chip microcomputer Adjust the angle of the solar panel back to the original position, and wait for the sun to track again the next day.

In the above method, when the single-chip microcomputer detects the output signal of the mobile terminal, the single-chip microcomputer sets its own working mode according to the signal type: (a) sunny mode, in this mode, the single-chip microcomputer detects the change of the resistance value of the corresponding photoresistor on the photoresistor array Finally, the single-chip microcomputer controls the bracket adjustment device to automatically adjust the angle of the solar panel; (b) cloudy mode, in which the single-chip microcomputer reduces the frequency of adjusting the angle of the solar panel; (c) rainy day mode, in which the angle of the solar panel is fixed at the local The angle of the ordinary solar panel, no longer adjust its angle until the MCU enters other working modes.

A solar automatic tracking system for implementing the above method, including a solar monitoring device and a bracket adjustment device, the solar monitoring device includes a light-proof box installed on a solar panel and a photoresistor array arranged at the bottom of the box, in The top center of the box is provided with a light-transmitting hole, and the photoresistor array is a parallel circuit formed by connecting two or more photoresistors in series with ordinary metal film resistors, and the circuit is connected to a single-chip microcomputer; the bracket adjustment device consists of The east-west direction adjustment mechanism is composed of a north-south direction adjustment mechanism. The east-west direction adjustment mechanism includes a U-shaped bracket and a first rotating shaft arranged in the U-shaped bracket. The solar panel is fixedly installed on the first rotating shaft, and the end of the first rotating shaft It is connected with the main shaft of the first stepping motor through a coupling; the north-south direction adjustment mechanism includes a base and two support plates arranged in parallel on the base, and one end of the two support plates is provided with a through connection hole, The U-shaped bracket is rotatably connected to the connection hole through the second rotating shaft at one end of the bottom, and a second stepping motor is arranged between the other ends of the two support plates, and one end of the screw rod is connected to the main shaft of the second stepping motor through a coupling connection, the screw rod is provided with a slider threaded with the screw rod, and the slider is fixedly connected with the slider mounting hole at the other end of the bottom of the U-shaped bracket; the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor The motors are respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer through the control lines.

In the above system, the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the mobile terminal through wireless communication.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model has the advantages that: the utility model monitors the solar energy in real time through the solar monitoring device, and adjusts the angle of the solar panel in all directions through the bracket adjusting device, so that the solar panel can save energy to the greatest extent. Receive as much solar energy as possible on the basis of power consumption, which ensures the accuracy of solar tracking and greatly increases the utilization efficiency of solar energy. Therefore, the utility model is not only simple in structure, has no special requirements, and the installation method is not limited by the geographical location, but also is convenient and flexible to use, and solves the economical and practicability of the application of the solar automatic tracking system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of box in the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of photoresistor array in the utility model;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the east-west direction adjustment mechanism in the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the north-south direction adjustment mechanism in the utility model;

Fig. 5 is an analysis diagram of the angle between sunlight and solar panels in the utility model;

Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram of the utility model.

Explanation of reference signs: 1-solar panel, 2-box, 3-light-transmitting hole, 4-photoresistor array, 5-photoresistor, 6-U-shaped bracket, 7-first stepping motor, 8-first rotating shaft , 9-slider mounting hole, 10-second rotating shaft, 11-base, 12-support plate, 13-connection hole, 14-second stepping motor, 15-slider, 16-screw.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment of the present utility model: the solar automatic tracking system includes a solar energy monitoring device and a bracket adjustment device, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the described solar energy monitoring device includes an opaque box 2 installed on the solar panel 1 and a box 2 arranged on the box 2. The photoresistor array 4 at the bottom is provided with a light-transmitting hole 3 in the center of the top of the box 2. The photoresistor array 4 is a parallel circuit formed by connecting 15 photoresistors 5 in series with ordinary metal film resistors respectively. Connected with the single-chip microcomputer; the bracket adjustment device is composed of an east-west direction adjustment mechanism and a north-south direction adjustment mechanism, referring to Fig. 3, the east-west direction adjustment mechanism includes a U-shaped bracket 6 and a first rotating shaft arranged in the U-shaped bracket 6 8. The solar panel 1 is fixedly installed on the first rotating shaft 8, and the end of the first rotating shaft 8 is connected to the main shaft of the first stepping motor 7 through a coupling; see FIG. 4 , the north-south direction adjustment mechanism includes a base 11 And the two support plates 12 that are arranged on the base 11 in parallel, one end of the two support plates 12 is provided with a through connection hole 13, and the U-shaped bracket 6 is rotationally connected with the connection hole 13 through the second rotating shaft 10 at one end of the bottom, A second stepping motor 14 is arranged between the other ends of the two support plates 12, and one end of the screw mandrel 16 is connected with the main shaft of the second stepping motor 14 by a coupling, 16 threaded slide block 15, the slide block 15 is fixedly connected with the slide block mounting hole 9 at the other end of the bottom of the U-shaped bracket 6; the first stepping motor 7 and the second stepping motor 14 are respectively controlled The line is connected with the microcontroller. The single-chip microcomputer is connected with the mobile terminal through wireless communication.

Working principle of the present utility model: referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, when the sunlight passing through the light-transmitting hole 3 deviates from the photoresistor 5 in the center of the photoresistor array 4 and irradiates other photoresistors 5, the single-chip microcomputer detects the corresponding photoresistor 5 After the resistance value changes, it can be judged that the included angle between the sunlight and the solar panel is greater than a given threshold (note: because this utility model is not for calculating the included angle, but for adjusting the bracket angle with maximum efficiency to store as much electric energy as possible , so there is no need for precise calculation of the included angle, but it is judged by the threshold value (where ω and θ are known), so that the single-chip microcomputer can control the bracket adjustment device to adjust the angle of the solar panel 1 until the sunlight passing through the light hole 3 again The light is irradiated on the photoresistor 5 in the center of the photoresistor array 4, so that the solar panel 1 is always aligned with the sunlight.

In addition, the single-chip microcomputer of the present utility model is connected with the mobile terminal through wireless communication. When the single-chip microcomputer is started, the single-chip microcomputer first detects the output signal of the photosensitive resistor array and the mobile terminal, and uses the output signal of the photosensitive resistor array and the mobile terminal as the key for setting the working mode of the single-chip microcomputer. According to, and the command execution priority of the mobile terminal is higher than that of the photoresistor array, that is:

(1) When the single-chip microcomputer does not detect the output signal of the photoresistor array 4 and the mobile terminal, the single-chip microcomputer cuts off the power supply of the motor, and the single-chip microcomputer enters the sleep mode, waiting for an interrupt to wake up.

(2) The single-chip microcomputer judges the light intensity by detecting a separate photosensitive resistor 5 and the common resistor voltage divider, and judges whether it is sunny, rainy or dark according to the light intensity value. When the single-chip microcomputer detects that the light intensity on the photosensitive resistor 5 is greater than When setting the value, the single-chip microcomputer judges that the weather at this moment is sunny, and the single-chip microcomputer enters the working mode; when the single-chip microcomputer detects that the light intensity on the photoresistor 5 is less than the set value, the time of the timer inside the single-chip microcomputer is 9:00～18: At 00 o'clock, the single-chip microcomputer judges that the weather at this moment is cloudy and rainy, otherwise it is dark. Adjust the angle of the solar panel 1 back to the initial position, and wait for the sunlight to be tracked again the next day.

(3) When the single-chip microcomputer detects the output signal of the mobile terminal, the single-chip microcomputer sets its own working mode according to the signal type: (a) sunny mode, in this mode, the single-chip microcomputer detects the resistance value of the corresponding photoresistor 5 on the photoresistor array 4 After the change, the single-chip microcomputer controls the bracket adjustment device to automatically adjust the angle of the solar panel 1; (b) cloudy mode, in which the single-chip microcomputer reduces the frequency of adjusting the angle of the solar panel 1; (c) rainy day mode, in which the solar panel 1’s angle The angle is fixed at the angle of the local common solar panel, and its angle will not be adjusted until the MCU enters other working modes.

Claims (2)

1. A solar automatic tracking system, including a solar monitoring device and a bracket adjustment device, characterized in that: the solar monitoring device includes a light-tight box (2) installed on the solar panel (1) and set in the box ( 2) The photoresistor array (4) at the bottom has a light-transmitting hole (3) in the top center of the box (2). The photoresistor array (4) is composed of more than two photoresistors (5) and A parallel circuit formed by ordinary metal film resistors in series, the circuit is connected to a single-chip microcomputer; the bracket adjustment device is composed of an east-west direction adjustment mechanism and a north-south direction adjustment mechanism, and the east-west direction adjustment mechanism includes a U-shaped bracket (6) and The first rotating shaft (8) set in the U-shaped bracket (6), the solar panel (1) is fixedly installed on the first rotating shaft (8), and the end of the first rotating shaft (8) is connected with the first step through a coupling The main shaft of the feeder motor (7) is connected; the north-south direction adjustment mechanism includes a base (11) and two support plates (12) arranged in parallel on the base (11), at one end of the two support plates (12) A through connection hole (13) is provided, and the U-shaped bracket (6) is rotationally connected with the connection hole (13) through the second rotating shaft (10) at one end of the bottom, and the other end of the two support plates (12) is provided with The second stepping motor (14), one end of the screw mandrel (16) is connected with the main shaft of the second stepping motor (14) through a shaft coupling, and the screw mandrel (16) is provided with a The slider (15), the slider (15) is fixedly connected with the slider mounting hole (9) at the other end of the bottom of the U-shaped bracket (6); the first stepper motor (7) and the second The stepping motors (14) are respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer through control lines. 2. The solar energy automatic tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: said single-chip microcomputer is connected with a mobile terminal through wireless communication.