CN205786103U - A kind of biasing effect detection device and strain detecting system - Google Patents
A kind of biasing effect detection device and strain detecting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN205786103U CN205786103U CN201620513293.8U CN201620513293U CN205786103U CN 205786103 U CN205786103 U CN 205786103U CN 201620513293 U CN201620513293 U CN 201620513293U CN 205786103 U CN205786103 U CN 205786103U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of biasing effect detection device and strain detecting system, biasing effect detection device includes: fixed part, movable part and laser range finder；There is on described fixed part the first mounting groove, described movable part has the second mounting groove；Under the non-force state of described biasing effect detection device, the center coaxial line of the second mounting groove on the center of the first mounting groove on described fixed part and described movable part；Under the force state of described biasing effect detection device, described movable part moves predeterminable range along the direction being perpendicular to described axis, drives the center of the second mounting groove on described movable part to deviate described axis predeterminable range；The direction of propagation of the laser of described laser range finder output and described axes intersect, described laser range finder is for the distance between Laser Measurement outgoing position and laser-bounce position.Compared with traditional detection scheme, the technical program have detection accurately, be adapted to mass detection, detection efficiency advantages of higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical detection technical field, be specifically related to a kind of biasing effect detection device and answer
Become detecting system.
Background technology
In machine components detection and calibrating field, reviewer it is frequently necessary to workpiece for measurement (the least steel
Pipe) apply to cut to power, and the strain that the ad-hoc location detecting workpiece for measurement before and after force occurs.Pass through
Observe and strain with cutting the change occurred to the change of power, check the workpiece for measurement tolerance energy to cutting to power
Power.Traditional strain detecting mode is to use detecting system based on " foil gauge " to detect.Foil gauge
Referring to the electricity components and parts that a kind of resistance can change with own form change, operator are executing
Add and cut before power, first use binding agent manually to paste foil gauge on workpiece for measurement correspondence position, and will
Foil gauge links together with supporting data acquisition unit, occurs because cutting to power generation at workpiece for measurement
During deformation, foil gauge also pursuit test part produces corresponding deformation together, so that the resistance value of self is also
Changing, the change of this resistance value can be detected by data acquisition unit and record.Operator
Member according to foil gauge resistance value with the change cut to power, it is possible to know that workpiece for measurement is cut under power specific
The strain occurred, such that it is able to assess the reply of this testpieces to cut the ability to power.
But, this detection method based on foil gauge, there is a following defect: first, operator use
Foil gauge is pasted together by binding agent with workpiece for measurement, but due to the existence of binding agent, the method is not
Can guarantee that foil gauge will occur the deformation of strict conformance with workpiece for measurement.When test accuracy requires higher,
Deformation difference between foil gauge and workpiece for measurement that binding agent introduces, will introduce can not neglect for result of the test
Error slightly.Second, owing to the installation method of foil gauge is pure hand paste, so just requiring operator
The finer operation technique of member and experience, simultaneously because operator cannot ensure with a batch of to be measured
The strain gauge adhesion position of workpiece is the most exactly the same, so the result of the test of every secondary stress tolerance test, all
Due to the manually-operated minute differences of operator, and error can be produced.3rd, owing to needs are for each
Workpiece for measurement pastes foil gauge, so in batch testing task, the workload of this method of testing is very big,
In having the occasion that the test time limit requires, on the one hand have to by using a large amount of operator to detect simultaneously
Method on the other hand could complete task, so that testing cost is high, as can on schedule
The operator that experience is not enriched can be there are, and be that the hand paste link in detection increases operating error.
Finally, it is contemplated that some workpiece for measurement is due to the restriction of material, it is impossible to use common adhesive, need to lead to
The method crossing welding could link together with foil gauge, and owing to welding needs to enter surface of the work to be measured
Row destroys and is difficult to restore, therefore method of testing based on foil gauge, it is more likely that it is a kind of destructive
Detection method.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, it is proposed that the present invention is to provide one to overcome the problems referred to above or at least partly
Ground solves biasing effect detection device and the strain detecting system of the problems referred to above.
According to one aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of biasing effect detection device, this device includes:
Fixed part, movable part and laser range finder；
There is on described fixed part the first mounting groove, described movable part has the second mounting groove；
Under the non-force state of described biasing effect detection device, the first mounting groove on described fixed part
Center and described movable part on the center coaxial line of the second mounting groove；At described biasing effect detection dress
Under the force state put, described movable part moves predeterminable range along the direction being perpendicular to described axis, drives
Described axis predeterminable range is deviateed at the center of the second mounting groove on described movable part；
The laser that laser instrument in described laser range finder sends is radiated on described axis, described Laser Measuring
Distance meter sends the distance between position and laser-bounce position for Laser Measurement.
Alternatively, described laser range finder also includes imageing sensor and image-signal processor；
Described imageing sensor is for receiving the reflection light of the laser that described laser instrument sends, and output is corresponding
Picture signal；
Described image-signal processor processes for the picture signal exporting described imageing sensor,
Obtain laser and send the distance between position and laser-bounce position.
Alternatively, the direction of propagation of the laser that described laser instrument sends is vertical with described axis.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of strain detecting system, this system includes: as
Biasing effect detection device described in upper any one, and, data processing equipment；
Under the force state of described biasing effect detection device, described movable part is further with preset angle speed
Degree rotates around described axis, drive the center of the second mounting groove on described movable part with preset angle speed around
Described axis rotates；
Described laser range finder sends between position and laser-bounce position according to predeterminated frequency Laser Measurement
Distance value；
Described data processing equipment is for the distance measured in Preset Time according to described laser range finder
Value, sets up the corresponding relation of distance value and time, calculates according to the corresponding relation of described distance value with time
Strain value.
Alternatively, described data processing equipment is for by the maximum range value in Preset Time and minimum range
The half of the difference between value is as strain value.
From the foregoing, the technical scheme that the present invention provides is by controlling the movable part shifting relative to fixed part
Dynamic, the other end of workpiece for measurement is imposed and cuts to power, utilize laser range finder to cutting to power workpiece for measurement
Produced biasing effect carries out quantifying to measure；Further, by controlling movable part relative to fixed part
Rotation so that laser range finder can from all angles to the deformation of the same position workpiece for measurement away from
From measuring, then obtained the strain of workpiece for measurement by the analyzing and processing of data processing equipment.With tradition
Based on foil gauge traditional workpiece for measurement cut to power tolerance testing scheme compare, the technical program has following
Advantage: first, owing to laser range finder direct irradiation is on workpiece for measurement surface, when workpiece for measurement cut to
When power deforms upon, laser range finder can capture the deformation of testpieces completely, during detection without
Crossing other medium any (being such as used for pasting the glue of foil gauge), detection is accurately.Second, this technology
Scheme is non-contact detection, eliminates and uses the detection method of foil gauge that operator are pasted foil gauge
The requirement of maneuver, in mass detection occasion, it is possible at utmost ensure the work to be measured that same batch detects
The strain measurement position of part is identical.3rd, on workpiece for measurement, any sensor is not pasted due to this programme,
Need not install the cost time, it is possible to be greatly enhanced detection efficiency at sensor.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the skill of the present invention
Art means, and can being practiced according to the content of description, and in order to allow, the present invention's is above and other
Objects, features and advantages can become apparent, below especially exemplified by the detailed description of the invention of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description of hereafter preferred implementation, various other advantage and benefit for this
Field those of ordinary skill will be clear from understanding.Accompanying drawing is only used for illustrating the purpose of preferred implementation,
And it is not considered as limitation of the present invention.And in whole accompanying drawing, be denoted by the same reference numerals
Identical parts.In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1A shows the schematic diagram of a kind of biasing effect detection device；
Figure 1B shows the signal of a kind of biasing effect detection device
Figure；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of a kind of strain detecting system；
Fig. 3 shows the signal of the corresponding relation of distance value and time according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure.
Detailed description of the invention
It is more fully described the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although accompanying drawing shows
The exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure and not
Should be limited by embodiments set forth here.On the contrary, it is provided that these embodiments are able to more thoroughly
Understand the disclosure, and complete for the scope of the present disclosure can be conveyed to those skilled in the art.
Figure 1A shows the schematic diagram of a kind of biasing effect detection device,
Specifically, present embodiment illustrates the state that do not exerts a force of biasing effect detection device.As shown in Figure 1A,
This biasing effect detection device includes: fixed part 100, movable part 200 and laser range finder 300.
There is on described fixed part 100 first mounting groove 110, described movable part 200 has the second peace
Tankage 210, one end of workpiece for measurement 400 is fixed in the first mounting groove 110 of fixed part 100, is treated
The other end surveying workpiece 400 is fixed in the second mounting groove 210 of movable part 200；At the present embodiment
Under the non-force state of biasing effect detection device, the first mounting groove 110 on described fixed part 100
The center coaxial line of the second mounting groove 210 on center and described movable part 200, this axis in the drawings with
Shown in phantom.In the present embodiment, in the direction of propagation of the laser 310 of laser range finder 300 output and figure
Axis direction shown in dotted line is vertical, at the position A that laser 310 is radiated on workpiece for measurement 400,
Reflecting at the A of position, laser range finder 300 is defeated according to the reflected light measurement laser 310 received
Distance x between out position and position A1, i.e. measure the workpiece for measurement 400 position under non-stress
Put the distance between the laser outgoing position of A and laser range finder 300.
Figure 1B shows the signal of a kind of biasing effect detection device
Figure, specifically, present embodiment illustrates the force state of biasing effect detection device.As shown in Figure 1B,
This biasing effect detection device includes: fixed part 100, movable part 200 and laser range finder 300.
There is on described fixed part 100 first mounting groove 110, described movable part 200 has the second peace
Tankage 210, one end of workpiece for measurement 400 is fixed in the first mounting groove 110 of fixed part 100, is treated
The other end surveying workpiece 400 is fixed in the second mounting groove 210 of movable part 200；At the present embodiment
Under the force state of biasing effect detection device, described movable part 200 is along being perpendicular in figure shown in dotted line
Predeterminable range is moved in the direction of axis, drives the center of the second mounting groove 210 on described movable part 200
Deviate described axis predeterminable range, and then drive the other end of workpiece for measurement 400 along being perpendicular to dotted line in figure
Predeterminable range is moved in the direction of shown axis.In the present embodiment, the laser of laser range finder 300 output
The direction of propagation of 310 is vertical with the axis direction shown in dotted line in figure, and laser 310 is radiated at workpiece for measurement
At position B on 400, reflecting at the B of position, laser range finder 300 is anti-according to receive
Penetrate distance x between the outgoing position of photo measure laser 310 and position B2, i.e. measure workpiece for measurement 400
The distance between position B and the laser outgoing position of laser range finder 300 under stress.Wherein,
B projection on axis in position overlaps with position A mentioned above, and i.e. laser range finder 300 is at figure
Invariant position in 1A-Figure 1B, the direction of propagation of the laser 310 of output is the most constant, only due to be measured
Workpiece 400 occurs strain to cause irradiation position to become position B from position A under stress.
Detecting device according to the biasing effect shown in Figure 1A-1B, never force state, to force state, is lived
There is the movement of predeterminable range in dynamic portion 200, be equivalent to execute workpiece for measurement 400 relative to fixed part 100
Cut to power with a certain size so that workpiece for measurement 400 deforms upon, and then causes laser range finder 300
In the laser 310 that sends of laser instrument irradiation position on workpiece for measurement 400 become position from position A
B, by distance x between Laser Measurement output point position and laser-bounce position under two states1With
x2, it is recognised that hanging down in the state that do not exerts a force shown in Figure 1A-1B to force state workpiece for measurement 400
Straight deformation on the direction of axis can pass through range difference (x1-x2) characterize, and then detection is published picture
Biasing effect shown in 1A-1B can pass through range difference (x1-x2) characterize, wherein, exert a force accordingly
The predeterminable range that size is moved by movable part carrys out quantization signifying.
In one embodiment of the invention, laser range finder 300 includes: laser instrument, imageing sensor
And image-signal processor；Laser instrument is used for Output of laser 310, and imageing sensor is used for receiving and described swashs
The reflection light of the laser 310 of light device output, forms corresponding picture signal；Image-signal processor is used for
The picture signal forming imageing sensor processes, it is thus achieved that laser outgoing position and laser-bounce position
Between distance.Such as, the laser instrument in laser range finder 300 is semiconductor laser, output
The red laser of 620mm-680mm wavelength, imageing sensor is a linear CCD array, and image is believed
Number processor stores the corresponding pass between the different pixels position on ccd array and distance measure
System；Laser instrument in laser range finder 300 sends laser 310, and laser 310 is radiated at workpiece for measurement 400
Appointment position on reflect, reflection light enter in laser range finder 300 at linear CCD array
Upper imaging, visual information processor according to image space determine laser-bounce position and laser outgoing position it
Between distance.
In other embodiments of the invention, the laser 310 that the laser instrument in laser range finder 300 sends
The direction of propagation in this case, can also not exert a force measuring with described axes intersect but out of plumb
After distance under state and force state, need according to the direction of propagation of laser 310 and described axis it
Between angle calcu-lation workpiece for measurement 400 in the deformation being perpendicular on axis direction, equally characterize preset
Biasing effect under the force state of distance.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of a kind of strain detecting system.Such as figure
Shown in 2, this strain detecting system includes: fixed part 100, movable part 200, laser range finder 300 and
Data processing equipment 500.
There is on fixed part 100 first mounting groove 110, movable part 200 have the second mounting groove 210,
One end of workpiece for measurement 400 is fixed in the first mounting groove 110 of fixed part 100, workpiece for measurement 400
The other end be fixed in the second mounting groove 210 of movable part 200；In the present embodiment, at the shape that do not exerts a force
Under state, on the center of the first mounting groove 110 on described fixed part 100 and described movable part 200
The center coaxial line of two mounting grooves 210, this axis is the most shown in broken lines, now workpiece for measurement 400
It is in non-stress；Under force state, described movable part 200 is along being perpendicular in figure shown in dotted line
Predeterminable range L is moved in the direction of axis, and on this basis, described movable part 200 is further with preset angle
Speed omega rotates around the axis shown in dotted line, drives the second mounting groove 210 on described movable part 200
Center is deviateed described axis predeterminable range L and rotates around described axis with preset angle speed omega, and then drives
The other end of workpiece for measurement 400 deviates axial line distance L shown in dotted line and with preset angle speed omega around described
Axis rotates, and now workpiece for measurement 400 is in stress, specifically, suffered by workpiece for measurement 400
The direction being perpendicular to the axis shown in dotted line on cut and carried out quantization signifying to power by predeterminable range L.
The direction of propagation of the laser 310 of laser range finder 300 output is vertical with the axis direction shown in dotted line,
Be radiated on workpiece for measurement 400, due to workpiece for measurement 400 there occurs under stress deformation and along with
Movable part 200 periodically moves, and the laser 310 causing laser range finder 300 to export is radiated at
Position on workpiece for measurement 400 periodically changes, but irradiation position is on the axis shown in dotted line
Projection be overlap；Laser range finder 300 receives the reflection light of laser 310 also according to predeterminated frequency f
Distance between outgoing position and the reflection position of Laser Measurement 310.
Data processing equipment 500 is connected with laser range finder 300, obtains laser range finder 300 in real time and surveys
The distance value measured, for the distance value measured in preset time T according to laser range finder 300,
Set up the corresponding relation of distance value and time, calculate to be measured according to described distance value with the corresponding relation of time
The strain value of workpiece 400.
Fig. 3 shows the signal of the corresponding relation of distance value and time according to an embodiment of the invention
One displaying distance value of figure, the specially data processing equipment 500 in this programme is corresponding with the time to close
The interface schematic diagram of system.As it is shown on figure 3, in the present embodiment, movable part 200 drives workpiece for measurement 400
The other end relative to fixed part 100 displacement L and with angular velocity omega rotate, laser range finder 300
Per interval 1/f measure a laser outgoing position and laser irradiation position on workpiece for measurement 400 it
Between distance, due to the Periodic Rotating of workpiece for measurement 400 so that laser range finder 300 measure obtain
Distance value there is cyclically-varying as shown in Figure 3 in time, wherein, for ensureing certainty of measurement, swash
The measurement interval of optar 300 is much smaller than the swing circle of movable part 200.Specifically, when work to be measured
When part 400 rotates to the position near laser range finder 300, laser range finder 300 measurement obtains
Distance value is minimum, and this distance value should be that the laser outgoing position of laser range finder 300 is to axle shown in dotted line
The vertical dimension of line and the difference of the workpiece for measurement 400 strain distance on the direction being perpendicular to described axis
Value；When workpiece for measurement 400 rotates to the position farthest away from laser range finder 300, laser range finder 300
Measuring the distance value obtained maximum, this distance value should be that the laser outgoing position of laser range finder 300 arrives
The vertical dimension of axis shown in dotted line and the workpiece for measurement 400 strain on the direction being perpendicular to described axis
Distance and value；Therefore, the distance obtained measured by data processing equipment 500 according to laser range finder 300
Value and the corresponding relation of time, using the half of the difference between maximum range value and lowest distance value as treating
Survey workpiece 400 strain value, i.e. calculate: the other end of workpiece for measurement 400 by with preset away from
From L characterize when cutting to power, being perpendicular to of being perpendicular to that the specified location of axis shown in dotted line occurs is described
The strain value of axis.In curve chart shown in this example, vertical coordinate is distance value, and its unit is (10nm),
Abscissa is the time, and distance value does in time in cyclically-varying, and this figure and will measure under non-stress
The distance value obtained represents different should changing direction as 0 point, the positive and negative of distance value, it is seen then that measure
The maximum obtained and minima are respectively 512 and-526, then strain is [512-(-526)]/2=519, i.e.
The strain of workpiece for measurement 400 is 5.19um.
According to the strain detecting system shown in Fig. 2-Fig. 3, can detect and treated when cutting to power by certain
Survey the strain that workpiece occurs in specified location, can apply to the inspection of the strain to the part in air equipment
During test is tested, for ensureing air equipment stability in flight environment of vehicle, the strain standard of every kind of part is equal
Having standardized regulation, such as, part 1 is the pipeline of an a length of 15cm, using part 1 as
During workpiece for measurement, standardized regulation specify that: on the axis of this part 1 and this part 1
The position of one end distance 5mm, the mark of the strain on the direction of axis being perpendicular to this part 1
Quasi-value is 5um；Then utilize the strain detecting system shown in Fig. 2, one end of part 1 is fixed on fixing
In the first mounting groove 110 in portion 100, that the other end of part 1 is fixed on movable part 200
In two mounting grooves 210, the laser vertical of laser range finder 300 output is radiated on part 1 and irradiates position
Putting one end that distance is fixed in the first mounting groove 110 of fixed part 1 is 5mm, by movable part 200 edge
The direction being perpendicular to axis moves a certain distance, and rotates about the axis some circles with a fixed angular speed, passes through
Laser range finder 300 adjusts the distance the measurement of value and data processing equipment 500 to measurement according to certain frequency
The process of value obtains the strain of part 1, when this strain size is equal to 5um, determines corresponding movable part
200 displacements in a direction perpendicular to the axis are 170um；The most under this standard to zero
Part 1 carries out testing fatigue, maintains this 170um displacement constant, drives movable part 200 to revolve around axis
Turn 107Circle, if part 1 ruptures during testing fatigue, illustrates the resisting fatigue of this part 1
Property is poor, does not meets standard-required；If part 1 does not occur fracture etc. bad after testing fatigue terminates
Phenomenon, illustrates that the fatigue resistance of this part 1 is good, conformance with standard requirement.
In sum, the technical scheme that the present invention provides by controlling movable part relative to the movement of fixed part,
Imposing the other end of workpiece for measurement cuts to power, utilizes laser range finder to be produced workpiece for measurement to power cutting
Raw biasing effect carries out quantifying to measure；Further, by controlling movable part turning relative to fixed part
Dynamic so that the deformation distance of the same position workpiece for measurement can be entered by laser range finder from all angles
Row is measured, then is obtained the strain of workpiece for measurement by the analyzing and processing of data processing equipment.With traditional base
Traditional workpiece for measurement in foil gauge is cut and is compared to power tolerance testing scheme, and the technical program has the advantage that
First, owing to laser range finder direct irradiation is on workpiece for measurement surface, is cut when workpiece for measurement and occurred to power
During deformation, laser range finder can capture the deformation of testpieces completely, without any during detection
Other medium (is such as used for pasting the glue of foil gauge), and detection is accurately.Second, the technical program is
Contactless, eliminate the requirement using the detection method of foil gauge that operator paste foil gauge maneuver,
In mass detection occasion, it is possible at utmost ensure the strain measurement of the workpiece for measurement that same batch detects
Position is identical.3rd, on workpiece for measurement, do not paste any sensor due to this programme, it is not necessary to passing
Sensor install the cost time, it is possible to be greatly enhanced detection efficiency.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the protection model of the present invention
Enclose.All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, all
Comprise within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a biasing effect detection device, it is characterised in that this device includes: fixed part, movable part
And laser range finder；
There is on described fixed part the first mounting groove, described movable part has the second mounting groove；
Under the non-force state of described biasing effect detection device, the first mounting groove on described fixed part
Center and described movable part on the center coaxial line of the second mounting groove；At described biasing effect detection dress
Under the force state put, described movable part moves predeterminable range along the direction being perpendicular to described axis, drives
Described axis predeterminable range is deviateed at the center of the second mounting groove on described movable part；
The direction of propagation of the laser of described laser range finder output and described axes intersect, described laser ranging
Instrument is for the distance between Laser Measurement outgoing position and laser-bounce position.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described laser range finder includes: laser
Device, imageing sensor and image-signal processor；
Laser instrument is used for Output of laser；
Described imageing sensor, for receiving the reflection light of the laser of described laser instrument output, is formed corresponding
Picture signal；
Described image-signal processor processes for the picture signal exporting described imageing sensor,
Obtain the distance between laser outgoing position and laser-bounce position.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The direction of propagation of the laser of described laser range finder output is vertical with described axis.
4. a strain detecting system, it is characterised in that this system includes: as appointed in claim 1-3
One described biasing effect detection device, and, data processing equipment；
Under the force state of described biasing effect detection device, described movable part is further with preset angle speed
Degree rotates around described axis, drives the second mounting groove on described movable part with preset angle speed around described axle
Line rotates；
Described laser range finder is according between predeterminated frequency Laser Measurement outgoing position and laser-bounce position
Distance value；
Described data processing equipment is for the distance measured in Preset Time according to described laser range finder
Value, sets up the corresponding relation of distance value and time, calculates according to the corresponding relation of described distance value with time
Strain value.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that
Described data processing equipment is for the maximum range value obtained by Preset Time inner laser stadia surveying
With the half of the difference between lowest distance value is as strain value.
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| CN201620513293.8U CN205786103U (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | A kind of biasing effect detection device and strain detecting system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107449662A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-08 | 邹如飞 | A kind of biasing effect detection means and method and strain detecting system and method |
| CN114279294A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Displacement testing method for coupler for locomotive |
-
2016
- 2016-05-31 CN CN201620513293.8U patent/CN205786103U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107449662A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-08 | 邹如飞 | A kind of biasing effect detection means and method and strain detecting system and method |
| CN107449662B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2024-04-09 | 邹如飞 | Force application effect detection device and method and strain detection system and method |
| CN114279294A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Displacement testing method for coupler for locomotive |
| CN114279294B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-10-03 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Locomotive coupler displacement testing method |
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