CN205665005U - Detection apparatus for spiral bevel gear flank of tooth contact zone among automobile rear drive differential mechanism - Google Patents
Detection apparatus for spiral bevel gear flank of tooth contact zone among automobile rear drive differential mechanism Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205665005U CN205665005U CN201620518946.1U CN201620518946U CN205665005U CN 205665005 U CN205665005 U CN 205665005U CN 201620518946 U CN201620518946 U CN 201620518946U CN 205665005 U CN205665005 U CN 205665005U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bevel gear
- rear axle
- spiral bevel
- tooth surface
- axle differential
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的检测装置，包括底板、安装在底板上用于支撑汽车后桥差速器的差速器支撑座，以及用于驱动汽车后桥差速器旋转的电机；包括工业计算机,以及以固定的角度朝向待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面设置的CCD相机；所述工业计算机内设置有图像采集卡，所述CCD相机的数据传输端连接到所述图像采集卡。包括PLC控制器，以及用于驱动所述电机的电机控制器，所述电机控制器和所述工业计算机均电连接至所述PLC控制器。本实用新型具有方便实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集，结构简单，制造成本较低，操作方便；补光效果好，有利于提高照片的清晰度，提高信息采集的精确度等优点。
The utility model discloses a detection device for the contact area of the tooth surface of a spiral bevel gear in an automobile rear axle differential, comprising a bottom plate, a differential support seat installed on the bottom plate for supporting the automobile rear axle differential, and a The motor used to drive the rotation of the rear axle differential of the automobile; including an industrial computer, and a CCD camera arranged at a fixed angle towards the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear to be detected; an image acquisition card is arranged in the industrial computer, and the CCD camera The data transmission end is connected to the image acquisition card. It includes a PLC controller and a motor controller for driving the motor, and both the motor controller and the industrial computer are electrically connected to the PLC controller. The utility model has the advantages of convenient realization of information collection on the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface in the rear axle differential of the automobile, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation; The accuracy of information collection and other advantages.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及齿轮检测技术领域，特别的涉及一种汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的检测装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of gear detection, in particular to a detection device for a contact area of a spiral bevel gear tooth surface in an automobile rear axle differential.
背景技术Background technique
目前，螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区检测方法主要有目测法和数字图像检测法。目测法是普遍采用的检测方法之一，其检测原理是将汽车后桥差速器安装在滚动检验机上，在螺旋锥齿轮的齿面上涂上着色剂，齿轮运转致着色剂脱落后所得齿面接触区。此检测方法主要依赖观察者的经验，观察者视角的相对位置相对于各个齿面都是不断变化的，容易导致人工检测产品出现合格率和效率低下，受人为经验限制致使精确度不高且无法满足实时在线检测，并且目测法只能进行定性的分析，无法定量检测。At present, the detection methods of the contact area of the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear mainly include visual inspection and digital image inspection. Visual inspection is one of the commonly used detection methods. Its detection principle is to install the rear axle differential of the automobile on a rolling inspection machine, apply colorant on the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear, and the tooth surface obtained after the colorant falls off after the gear runs surface contact area. This detection method mainly relies on the experience of the observer. The relative position of the observer's viewing angle relative to each tooth surface is constantly changing, which may easily lead to low pass rate and low efficiency of manual detection products, and the accuracy is not high due to the limitation of human experience. Meet real-time online detection, and the visual method can only carry out qualitative analysis, not quantitative detection.
而数字图像检测法主要有两种，一种是利用双目视觉检测技轮齿接触区。根据大齿轮的转动摄录连续轮齿的各接触区，图像数字化处理后存储以备分析，可独显或若干交互重合以显示接触区变化。但是，该方法的缺点是双目CCD摄像机易受视场限制，测量范围小、标定复杂且价格昂贵。另一种是将轮齿表面进行着色处理并用CCD摄像机拍摄轮齿表面图像存储。随后齿轮对接触啮合并用照相机看轮齿表面以获得另一组成像。然后将接触后各轮齿成像减去未接触的相应成像，所得成像差值就是接触区。但是，该方法的缺点是接触成像不能分配到具体的坐标系中，不能得到接触区在轮齿上的相对位置和真实面积。There are two main digital image detection methods, one is to use binocular vision to detect the contact area of the gear teeth. According to the rotation of the large gear, each contact area of the continuous gear teeth is recorded, and the image is digitized and stored for analysis. It can be displayed independently or several interactive overlaps to display the change of the contact area. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the binocular CCD camera is easily limited by the field of view, the measurement range is small, the calibration is complicated, and the price is expensive. The other is to color the surface of the gear tooth and use a CCD camera to capture the image of the tooth surface and store it. The gear pair is then meshed and a camera is used to look at the tooth surfaces for another set of images. Then subtract the corresponding image of each tooth after contact from the corresponding image without contact, and the obtained imaging difference is the contact area. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the contact imaging cannot be assigned to a specific coordinate system, and the relative position and real area of the contact area on the tooth cannot be obtained.
因此亟需设计一种螺旋锥齿轮接触区的检测方法，经济有效的检测出螺旋锥齿轮接触时的接触区面积和接触区所处相对位置，这对增加齿轮的装配精度和使用寿命具有重要意义。Therefore, it is urgent to design a detection method for the contact area of the spiral bevel gear, which can economically and effectively detect the area of the contact area and the relative position of the contact area when the spiral bevel gear is in contact, which is of great significance for increasing the assembly accuracy and service life of the gear. .
为此，实用新型人设计了一种汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的检测方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：a、相机的标定：采用CCD相机以固定角度对螺旋锥齿轮的齿面接触区进行拍照，拍照时，利用标定板对相机进行标定，确定齿面上任意两点的实际距离与相机中对应两点的像素距离之间的转换比例，找出转换比例最小的两点，并选取两点的中点为相机的坐标原点；b、检测图像的拍摄：采用上述CCD相机以相同角度对涂有着色剂的螺旋锥齿轮的齿面接触区进行拍照，划定ROI区域；c、对ROI区域的图像利用灰度差值进行接触区边缘拾取，获取接触区边缘上的各点到相机的坐标原点之间的像素值，并将该像素值与对应的转换比例相乘，从而确定接触区在齿面上的实际位置和边缘，并计算出接触区的面积。For this reason, the inventor of the utility model has designed a kind of detection method of the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface in the automobile rear axle differential, and it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: The tooth surface contact area of the bevel gear is photographed. When taking pictures, use the calibration plate to calibrate the camera, determine the conversion ratio between the actual distance between any two points on the tooth surface and the pixel distance corresponding to the two points in the camera, and find out the conversion ratio The smallest two points, and choose the midpoint of the two points as the coordinate origin of the camera; b, the shooting of the detection image: use the above-mentioned CCD camera to take pictures of the tooth surface contact area of the spiral bevel gear coated with colorant at the same angle, and draw Determine the ROI area; c, use the gray value of the image in the ROI area to pick up the edge of the contact area, obtain the pixel value between each point on the edge of the contact area and the coordinate origin of the camera, and convert the pixel value to the corresponding The ratios are multiplied to determine the actual position and edge of the contact zone on the tooth surface and calculate the area of the contact zone.
但是，在检测过程中，还需要进一步考虑如何能够方便实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集等问题。However, in the detection process, it is necessary to further consider how to conveniently realize the information collection of the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface in the rear axle differential of the automobile.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对上述现有技术的不足，本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是：如何提供一种能够方便实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集，结构简单，制造成本较低，操作方便的汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的检测装置。Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: how to provide a method that can conveniently realize the information collection of the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface in the rear axle differential of the automobile, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low. Low, easy-to-operate detection device for the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface in the rear axle differential of the car.
为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型采用了如下的技术方案：In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
一种汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的检测装置，其特征在于，包括：A detection device for the tooth surface contact area of a spiral bevel gear in an automobile rear axle differential, characterized in that it comprises:
一个汽车后桥差速器驱动装置，包括底板、安装在底板上用于支撑汽车后桥差速器的差速器支撑座，以及用于驱动汽车后桥差速器旋转的电机；An automotive rear axle differential drive device, including a base plate, a differential support base mounted on the base plate for supporting the automotive rear axle differential, and a motor for driving the automotive rear axle differential to rotate;
一个机器视觉系统，包括工业计算机,以及以固定的角度朝向待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面设置的CCD相机；所述工业计算机内设置有图像采集卡，所述CCD相机的数据传输端连接到所述图像采集卡；A machine vision system includes an industrial computer, and a CCD camera set at a fixed angle towards the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear to be detected; an image acquisition card is arranged in the industrial computer, and the data transmission end of the CCD camera is connected to the image capture card;
一个测控系统，包括PLC控制器，以及用于驱动所述电机的电机控制器，所述电机控制器和所述工业计算机均电连接至所述PLC控制器。A measurement and control system includes a PLC controller and a motor controller for driving the motor, and both the motor controller and the industrial computer are electrically connected to the PLC controller.
检测前，先将待检测汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮进行清洗，然后将清洗后的汽车后桥差速器安装在差速器支撑座上，并用联轴器将汽车后桥差速器的主传动轴与电机的输出轴相连；使用着色剂对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮的轮齿进行定量着色；检测时，由PLC控制器通过电机控制器驱动电机旋转，带动汽车后桥差速器转动，同时采用CCD相机对螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区进行拍照，并将照片通过数据传输端输送到图像采集卡中，完成图像的采集。上述装置能够方便地实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集，结构简单，制造成本较低，操作方便。Before the test, first clean the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the car to be tested, then install the cleaned car rear axle differential on the differential support seat, and use the coupling to connect the car rear axle differential The main transmission shaft of the device is connected with the output shaft of the motor; the coloring agent is used to quantitatively color the teeth of the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the automobile; during detection, the PLC controller drives the motor to rotate through the motor controller to drive the car The rear axle differential rotates, and at the same time, a CCD camera is used to take pictures of the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface, and the pictures are sent to the image acquisition card through the data transmission terminal to complete the image acquisition. The above-mentioned device can conveniently realize the information collection of the contact area of the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the automobile, and has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation.
作为优化，所述机器视觉系统还包括用于增强待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面区域的光照效果的补光灯，所述补光灯通过补光灯支架安装在所述底板上。这样，通过补光灯增强待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面区域的光照效果，能够使CCD相机拍摄的照片更加清晰，有利于提高信息采集的准确性。As an optimization, the machine vision system further includes a supplementary light for enhancing the illumination effect of the tooth surface area of the spiral bevel gear to be detected, and the supplementary light is installed on the base plate through a supplementary light bracket. In this way, enhancing the illumination effect of the tooth surface area of the spiral bevel gear to be detected through the supplementary light can make the photos taken by the CCD camera clearer, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of information collection.
作为优化，所述补光灯支架包括由下向上依次嵌套设置的若干个伸缩杆，最里层的伸缩杆的顶部设置有能够绕顶点旋转的补光灯安装座，所述补光灯固定设置在所述补光灯安装座上。As an optimization, the supplementary light bracket includes several telescopic rods nested sequentially from bottom to top, and the top of the innermost telescopic rod is provided with a supplementary light mount capable of rotating around the apex, and the supplementary light is fixed It is arranged on the mounting base of the supplementary light.
使用时，可以通过伸缩杆调整补光灯支架的高度，然后将补光灯安装座绕最里层的伸缩杆的顶部旋转，调整补光灯的补光角度。这样，能够进一步提高照片的清晰度，提高信号采集的准确性。When in use, the height of the fill light bracket can be adjusted through the telescopic rod, and then the fill light mount can be rotated around the top of the innermost telescopic rod to adjust the fill light angle of the fill light. In this way, the clarity of the photo can be further improved, and the accuracy of signal collection can be improved.
作为优化，所述测控系统还包括用于检测轮齿位置的光电传感器，所述光电传感器与所述PLC控制器相连；所述PLC控制器具有用于控制CCD相机的快门工作的快门输出端，所述快门输出端电连接至所述CCD相机。As an optimization, the measurement and control system also includes a photoelectric sensor for detecting the position of the gear teeth, and the photoelectric sensor is connected with the PLC controller; the PLC controller has a shutter output terminal for controlling the shutter work of the CCD camera, so The shutter output terminal is electrically connected to the CCD camera.
检测时，光电传感器一旦检测到设定的轮齿位置，并将检测信号输入到PLC控制器中，PLC控制器根据该信号通过快门输出端控制CCD相机的快门工作，对螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区进行拍照，有利于提高拍照区域的一致性，进而提高信号采集的准确性。During detection, once the photoelectric sensor detects the set gear tooth position, and inputs the detection signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls the shutter work of the CCD camera through the shutter output terminal according to the signal, and contacts the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear. Taking pictures in different areas is beneficial to improve the consistency of the photographing area, thereby improving the accuracy of signal collection.
作为优化，所述CCD相机上安装有远心镜头，所述远心镜头内具有带通滤光片。As an optimization, a telecentric lens is installed on the CCD camera, and a bandpass filter is provided in the telecentric lens.
这样，采用远心镜头可以实现焦距的调节、视场的调节以及放大倍率的调节，避免采集的图像失真，有利于提高图像采集精度。带通滤光片可以实现光谱的过滤，避免其他波长的光线对图像采集的干扰，提高图像采集精度。In this way, the adjustment of the focal length, field of view and magnification can be realized by adopting the telecentric lens, so as to avoid the distortion of the collected image and help to improve the accuracy of image collection. The band-pass filter can filter the spectrum, avoid the interference of light of other wavelengths on image acquisition, and improve the accuracy of image acquisition.
综上所述，本实用新型具有方便实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集，结构简单，制造成本较低，操作方便；补光效果好，有利于提高照片的清晰度，提高信息采集的精确度等优点。In summary, the utility model has the advantages of convenient realization of information collection on the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface in the automobile rear axle differential, simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and convenient operation; The clarity, improve the accuracy of information collection and other advantages.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型一实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the utility model.
图2为汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮接触区示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the contact area of the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of an automobile.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
具体实施时，如图1～图2所示，一种汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的检测装置，包括：During specific implementation, as shown in Figures 1 to 2, a detection device for a contact area of a spiral bevel gear tooth surface in a rear axle differential of an automobile includes:
一个汽车后桥差速器驱动装置，包括底板11、安装在底板11上用于支撑汽车后桥差速器的差速器支撑座12，以及用于驱动汽车后桥差速器旋转的电机13；An automobile rear axle differential drive device, comprising a base plate 11, a differential support seat 12 installed on the base plate 11 for supporting the automobile rear axle differential, and a motor 13 for driving the rotation of the automobile rear axle differential ;
一个机器视觉系统，包括工业计算机21,以及以固定的角度朝向待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面设置的CCD相机22；所述工业计算机21内设置有图像采集卡，所述CCD相机22的数据传输端连接到所述图像采集卡。A machine vision system includes an industrial computer 21, and a CCD camera 22 facing the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear to be detected at a fixed angle; an image acquisition card is arranged in the industrial computer 21, and the data transmission end of the CCD camera 22 connected to the frame grabber.
一个测控系统，包括PLC控制器，以及用于驱动所述电机13的电机控制器，所述电机控制器和所述工业计算机21均电连接至所述PLC控制器。A measurement and control system includes a PLC controller and a motor controller for driving the motor 13, and the motor controller and the industrial computer 21 are both electrically connected to the PLC controller.
检测前，先将待检测汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮进行清洗，然后将清洗后的汽车后桥差速器安装在差速器支撑座上，并用联轴器将汽车后桥差速器的主传动轴与电机的输出轴相连；使用着色剂对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮的轮齿进行定量着色；检测时，由PLC控制器通过电机控制器驱动电机旋转，带动汽车后桥差速器转动，同时采用CCD相机对螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区进行拍照，并将照片通过数据传输端输送到图像采集卡中，完成图像的采集。上述装置能够方便地实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集，结构简单，制造成本较低，操作方便。Before the test, first clean the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the car to be tested, then install the cleaned car rear axle differential on the differential support seat, and use the coupling to connect the car rear axle differential The main transmission shaft of the device is connected with the output shaft of the motor; the coloring agent is used to quantitatively color the teeth of the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the automobile; during detection, the PLC controller drives the motor to rotate through the motor controller to drive the car The rear axle differential rotates, and at the same time, a CCD camera is used to take pictures of the contact area of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface, and the pictures are sent to the image acquisition card through the data transmission terminal to complete the image acquisition. The above-mentioned device can conveniently realize the information collection of the contact area of the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the automobile, and has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation.
实施时，所述机器视觉系统还包括用于增强待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面区域的光照效果的补光灯，所述补光灯通过补光灯支架安装在所述底板11上。这样，通过补光灯增强待检测螺旋锥齿轮齿面区域的光照效果，能够使CCD相机拍摄的照片更加清晰，有利于提高信息采集的准确性。During implementation, the machine vision system further includes a supplementary light for enhancing the illumination effect of the tooth surface area of the spiral bevel gear to be detected, and the supplementary light is installed on the bottom plate 11 through a supplementary light bracket. In this way, enhancing the illumination effect of the tooth surface area of the spiral bevel gear to be detected through the supplementary light can make the photos taken by the CCD camera clearer, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of information collection.
实施时，所述补光灯支架包括由下向上依次嵌套设置的若干个伸缩杆，最里层的伸缩杆的顶部设置有能够绕顶点旋转的补光灯安装座，所述补光灯固定设置在所述补光灯安装座上。During implementation, the supplementary light bracket includes several telescopic rods nested sequentially from bottom to top, and the top of the innermost telescopic rod is provided with a supplementary light mount capable of rotating around the apex, and the supplementary light is fixed It is arranged on the mounting base of the supplementary light.
使用时，可以通过伸缩杆调整补光灯支架的高度，然后将补光灯安装座绕最里层的伸缩杆的顶部旋转，调整补光灯的补光角度。这样，能够进一步提高照片的清晰度，提高信号采集的准确性。When in use, the height of the fill light bracket can be adjusted through the telescopic rod, and then the fill light mount can be rotated around the top of the innermost telescopic rod to adjust the fill light angle of the fill light. In this way, the clarity of the photo can be further improved, and the accuracy of signal collection can be improved.
实施时，所述测控系统还包括用于检测轮齿位置的光电传感器，所述光电传感器与所述PLC控制器相连；所述PLC控制器具有用于控制CCD相机的快门工作的快门输出端，所述快门输出端电连接至所述CCD相机。During implementation, the measurement and control system also includes a photoelectric sensor for detecting the position of the gear teeth, and the photoelectric sensor is connected with the PLC controller; the PLC controller has a shutter output terminal for controlling the shutter work of the CCD camera, so The shutter output terminal is electrically connected to the CCD camera.
检测时，光电传感器一旦检测到设定的轮齿位置，并将检测信号输入到PLC控制器中，PLC控制器根据该信号通过快门输出端控制CCD相机的快门工作，对螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区进行拍照，有利于提高拍照区域的一致性，进而提高信号采集的准确性。During detection, once the photoelectric sensor detects the set gear tooth position, and inputs the detection signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls the shutter work of the CCD camera through the shutter output terminal according to the signal, and contacts the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear. Taking pictures in different areas is beneficial to improve the consistency of the photographing area, thereby improving the accuracy of signal collection.
实施时，所述CCD相机22上安装有远心镜头，所述远心镜头内具有带通滤光片。During implementation, a telecentric lens is installed on the CCD camera 22, and a bandpass filter is provided in the telecentric lens.
这样，采用远心镜头可以实现焦距的调节、视场的调节以及放大倍率的调节，避免采集的图像失真，有利于提高图像采集精度。带通滤光片可以实现光谱的过滤，避免其他波长的光线对图像采集的干扰，提高图像采集精度。In this way, the adjustment of the focal length, field of view and magnification can be realized by adopting the telecentric lens, so as to avoid the distortion of the collected image and help to improve the accuracy of image collection. The band-pass filter can filter the spectrum, avoid the interference of light of other wavelengths on image acquisition, and improve the accuracy of image acquisition.
以上结构即为本实用新型的实施例，具体实施时，上述电机、工业计算机、CCD相机、图像采集卡、PLC控制器、电机控制器、补光灯以及光电传感器等各部件自身均是属于成熟的现有技术，构件自身不属于本申请对现有技术做出创造性贡献的地方，本申请对现有技术做出创造性贡献的地方在于将上述各现有部件设置在特定要求的位置，并将其组合联系起来，使其可以便于实现对汽车后桥差速器中螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触区的信息采集，提高补光效果好，达到提高信息采集的精确度的效果。The above structure is the embodiment of the present utility model. During specific implementation, the above-mentioned motors, industrial computers, CCD cameras, image acquisition cards, PLC controllers, motor controllers, fill lights and photoelectric sensors and other components themselves all belong to mature In the prior art, the component itself does not belong to the place where the present application makes the creative contribution to the prior art. The place where the present application makes the creative contribution to the prior art lies in arranging the above-mentioned existing components at specific required positions, and placing The combination and connection make it easy to realize the information collection of the contact area of the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear in the rear axle differential of the automobile, improve the light supplement effect, and achieve the effect of improving the accuracy of information collection.
具体检测时，采用如下步骤完成检测；For specific testing, the following steps are used to complete the testing;
a、相机的标定：采用CCD相机以固定角度对螺旋锥齿轮的齿面接触区进行拍照，拍照时，利用标定板对相机进行标定，确定齿面上任意两点的实际距离与相机中对应两点的像素距离之间的转换比例，找出转换比例最小的两点，并选取两点的中点为相机的坐标原点；a. Calibration of the camera: Use a CCD camera to take pictures of the tooth surface contact area of the spiral bevel gear at a fixed angle. When taking pictures, use the calibration plate to calibrate the camera to determine the actual distance between any two points on the tooth surface and the corresponding two points in the camera. The conversion ratio between the pixel distances of the points, find the two points with the smallest conversion ratio, and select the midpoint of the two points as the coordinate origin of the camera;
b、检测图像的拍摄：采用上述CCD相机以相同角度对涂有着色剂的螺旋锥齿轮的齿面接触区进行拍照，划定ROI区域；b. Shooting of the detection image: use the above-mentioned CCD camera to take pictures of the tooth surface contact area of the spiral bevel gear coated with colorant at the same angle, and delineate the ROI area;
c、对ROI区域的图像利用灰度差值进行接触区边缘拾取，获取接触区边缘上的各点到相机的坐标原点之间的像素值，并将该像素值与对应的转换比例相乘，从而确定接触区在齿面上的实际位置和边缘，并计算出接触区的面积。c. Use the grayscale difference to pick up the edge of the contact area on the image of the ROI area, obtain the pixel value between each point on the edge of the contact area and the coordinate origin of the camera, and multiply the pixel value by the corresponding conversion ratio, In order to determine the actual position and edge of the contact zone on the tooth surface, and calculate the area of the contact zone.
具体的，所述步骤a中，利用标定板对相机进行标定，具体还包括如下步骤：Specifically, in the step a, the camera is calibrated using a calibration board, which specifically includes the following steps:
a1、将标定板平铺在齿轮的齿顶，调整标定板的位置，使CCD相机视窗中的标定板图像边缘与视窗边缘平行，拍摄第一张照片，然后将标定板在齿轮的齿顶上沿齿轮的顺时针或逆时针移动，并拍摄图像，确保标定板覆盖过视窗中的齿轮的所有区域；根据标定板上图案的实际间距与相机中相应图案的像素距离，即可确定各点之间的转换比例，确定相机在齿顶面上各点的畸变系数；a1. Spread the calibration plate on the tooth top of the gear, adjust the position of the calibration plate so that the image edge of the calibration plate in the CCD camera window is parallel to the edge of the window, take the first photo, and then place the calibration plate on the tooth top of the gear Move clockwise or counterclockwise along the gear, and take images to ensure that the calibration plate covers all areas of the gear in the window; according to the actual spacing of the pattern on the calibration plate and the pixel distance of the corresponding pattern in the camera, the distance between each point can be determined. The conversion ratio between them determines the distortion coefficient of each point of the camera on the tooth top surface;
a2、将标定板依次放在视窗内的每一个齿槽内，并靠在正对相机的齿面上，沿齿槽方向移动标定板，拍摄每次移动后的图像；根据标定板上图案的实际间距与相机中相应图案的像素距离，即可确定各点之间的转换比例，确定相机在每个齿槽深度方向上各点的畸变系数。a2. Place the calibration board in each tooth slot in the window in turn, and lean against the tooth surface facing the camera, move the calibration board along the direction of the tooth slot, and take pictures after each movement; according to the pattern on the calibration board The actual spacing and the pixel distance of the corresponding pattern in the camera can determine the conversion ratio between each point and determine the distortion coefficient of each point of the camera in the direction of each alveolar depth.
这样，有利于获取更加准确的畸变系数，在对图像进行校正时更加准确，有利于提高检测的精度。In this way, it is beneficial to obtain a more accurate distortion coefficient, which is more accurate when correcting the image, and is beneficial to improving the detection accuracy.
具体地，所述步骤a中，标定板在CCD相机视窗中的图像小于视窗的四分之一。这样，可以保证拍摄过程中，尽量多的图片能够包含完整的标定板图像，有利于提高CCD相机的标定精度。Specifically, in step a, the image of the calibration plate in the window of the CCD camera is smaller than a quarter of the window. In this way, it can be ensured that as many pictures as possible can contain complete calibration plate images during the shooting process, which is beneficial to improving the calibration accuracy of the CCD camera.
具体地，所述步骤a中，在CCD相机视窗中的标定板图像上的黑白阵列灰度的差值大于100。这样，当黑白阵列灰度的差值大于100，能够提高接触区边缘拾取准确性，有利于提高检测的精度。Specifically, in the step a, the grayscale difference between the black and white arrays on the calibration plate image in the CCD camera window is greater than 100. In this way, when the difference between the gray levels of the black and white arrays is greater than 100, the accuracy of picking the edge of the contact area can be improved, which is beneficial to improving the detection accuracy.
具体地，所述步骤c中计算出接触区的面积，还包括如下步骤：Specifically, calculating the area of the contact zone in the step c also includes the following steps:
c1、对ROI区域的图像进行接触区边缘拾取后，将图像转化成二值图，设图像中的物体对应的像素位置坐标为(xi，yj)，其中，i＝0,1,…,n-1；j＝0,1,…,m-1；m，n为自然数，则所有接触区的面心位置坐标为：c1. After picking the edge of the contact area of the image in the ROI area, convert the image into a binary image, and set the pixel position coordinates corresponding to the object in the image as ( xi , y j ), where i=0,1,... ,n-1; j=0,1,...,m-1; m, n is a natural number, then the coordinates of the face centers of all contact areas are:
从而确定接触区的中心相对于齿面的角点和边缘的相对位置。The relative position of the center of the contact zone with respect to the corners and edges of the tooth flank is thus determined.
具体地，通过CCD相机所获取的图像读取其中接触区及边缘的像素数目，确定接触区图像的面积，接触区面积公式为：Specifically, read the number of pixels in the contact area and the edge through the image acquired by the CCD camera to determine the area of the contact area image. The formula for the area of the contact area is:
式中，M为y方向像素个数,，N为x方向像素个数。In the formula, M is the number of pixels in the y direction, and N is the number of pixels in the x direction.
这样，通过统计接触区边缘内部和接触区边缘上的像素数目就确定可以确定接触区的实际面积，对于二值图，若1表示接触区域图像，用0表示未接触区域图像，其像素个数即为f(x,y)＝1的统计个数，通过像素个数即可得出接触区的实际面积。In this way, the actual area of the contact area can be determined by counting the number of pixels inside the edge of the contact area and on the edge of the contact area. For a binary image, if 1 represents the image of the contact area and 0 represents the image of the non-contact area, the number of pixels That is, the statistical number of f(x,y)=1, and the actual area of the contact area can be obtained through the number of pixels.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并不以本实用新型为限制，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not limited to the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in the Within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620518946.1U CN205665005U (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Detection apparatus for spiral bevel gear flank of tooth contact zone among automobile rear drive differential mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620518946.1U CN205665005U (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Detection apparatus for spiral bevel gear flank of tooth contact zone among automobile rear drive differential mechanism |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205665005U true CN205665005U (en) | 2016-10-26 |
Family
ID=57158801
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620518946.1U Expired - Fee Related CN205665005U (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Detection apparatus for spiral bevel gear flank of tooth contact zone among automobile rear drive differential mechanism |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205665005U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108225175A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江大学 | Tractor Power Train tooth surfaces of bevel gears contact patch data acquisition facility and method |
-
2016
- 2016-05-31 CN CN201620518946.1U patent/CN205665005U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108225175A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江大学 | Tractor Power Train tooth surfaces of bevel gears contact patch data acquisition facility and method |
| CN108225175B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2023-05-02 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for acquiring contact impression data of bevel gear tooth surface of tractor drive train |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105954021B (en) | The detection method of spiral bevel gear circular tooth contact in a kind of automotive rear axle differential gear | |
| CN100342207C (en) | Detector for three-dimensional appearance of micro-member through-hole inner surface and its marking and using method | |
| CN107121093B (en) | A gear measuring device and measuring method based on active vision | |
| CN109632103B (en) | High-altitude building temperature distribution and surface crack remote monitoring system and monitoring method | |
| CN206114546U (en) | Printing defect vision detection system | |
| CN104132613B (en) | Noncontact optical volume measurement method for complex-surface and irregular objects | |
| WO2020147397A1 (en) | Machine vision system for use in curved surface inspection and inspection method | |
| CN202133629U (en) | A multi-faceted imaging measuring device | |
| CN107869954B (en) | A binocular vision volume weight measurement system and its realization method | |
| CN107514983A (en) | A system and method for measuring the surface area of an object based on three-dimensional measurement technology | |
| CN106017350A (en) | Machine-vision-based rapid detection device and detection method for medium and small module gears | |
| CN112858321A (en) | Steel plate surface defect detection system and method based on linear array CCD | |
| CN104976960A (en) | Raindrop physical property observation method and device | |
| CN109470171B (en) | Sphericity measuring device and sphericity measuring method based on machine vision technology | |
| CN1877247A (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring attitude angle of three-axis air-bearing table | |
| CN101936919A (en) | A glass quality detection device and measurement method based on computer vision | |
| CN102374996A (en) | Multicast detection device and method for full-depth tooth side face defects of bevel gear | |
| CN108394789A (en) | Cage guide surface abrasion degree detecting method and device based on computer vision | |
| CN104751464A (en) | Real sense material measurement device and method based on camera light source array modes | |
| CN103091332B (en) | Detection method and detection system of U-shaped powder pipe based on machine vision | |
| CN110570412A (en) | A Visual Judgment System for Component Errors | |
| CN115082538A (en) | 3D reconstruction system and method of multi-vision gimbal parts surface based on line structured light projection | |
| CN207832129U (en) | Engine link dimension measuring device based on machine vision | |
| CN116576785A (en) | Inner diameter and roundness compound detection system, method, equipment and medium of skeleton oil seal based on machine vision | |
| CN205665005U (en) | Detection apparatus for spiral bevel gear flank of tooth contact zone among automobile rear drive differential mechanism |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20161026 Termination date: 20170531 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |