CN108225175B - Device and method for acquiring tooth surface contact mark data of bevel gear of tractor transmission system - Google Patents
Device and method for acquiring tooth surface contact mark data of bevel gear of tractor transmission system Download PDFInfo
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for acquiring tooth surface contact mark data of a bevel gear of a tractor transmission system. Comprises a supporting part, an image acquisition part and a control and processing part; the control and processing part comprises a driving motor, a data acquisition card and a computer, the support part comprises two semi-annular brackets, and one ends of the two brackets are respectively and fixedly connected to the output shafts of the two driving motors of the control and processing part; the image acquisition part comprises a camera, a light source and a concave mirror; the light source is on the inner cylindrical surface of the two brackets, and the camera and the concave mirror are arranged at the side of the two brackets and are opposite to each other. The invention has simple structure and convenient and reliable operation, aims at checking and adjusting actual conditions when the bevel gear of the tractor is assembled, can meet the requirement of simultaneously acquiring the convex and concave impression data of the bevel gear on an assembly line, and realizes on-line detection, analysis and adjustment, thereby improving the checking and adjusting efficiency of the assembly line of the drive line and improving the quality of the speed reducer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of on-line detection of the assembly quality of a bevel gear of a tractor drive train, in particular to a device and a method for acquiring tooth surface contact mark data of the bevel gear of the tractor drive train.
Description of the background
Tooth flank contact marks and assembly errors of bevel gears are important indicators in determining the performance of a tractor drive train. In design and manufacture, strict regulations and requirements are placed on the transmission error size, the position and size of the tooth flank contact patch. In an assembly workshop, the tooth surface contact marks of the convex and concave surfaces of the bevel gears are checked, the assembly requirements are not met, and corresponding adjustment is performed, so that the quality problem of the tractor is avoided.
The common inspection method for the tooth surface contact marks during the assembly of the bevel gear of the tractor is to judge the contact mark condition by naked eyes according to the experience of operators, and lack standardized automatic mark detection data acquisition devices and methods. The patent CN 201610835288.3-helicopter speed reducer spiral bevel gear tooth surface contact mark adjustment-free method provides a method for calculating the thickness of a bevel gear installation adjusting pad by using an actual measurement value; the coloring inspection method of the patent CN 201210235836.0-high-precision central transmission bevel gear simulates the real working condition of the gear to perform coloring inspection, thereby improving the repair precision; patent CN 107314760A rear axle gear pair impression photo taking system carries out off-line detection to gear manufacturing quality, installs the gear pair that awaits measuring on testing platform and utilizes actuating mechanism to form the impression rear fixed gear, can't be used for on the assembly line, can only acquire the image of gear one side at a time, and photo taking system does not have the light source simultaneously, is difficult to guarantee that the camera obtains the stable image of effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art and improve the efficiency and accuracy of tooth surface contact mark detection and adjustment during the assembly of a bevel gear of a power shifting transmission system of a tractor, the invention provides a device and a method for acquiring tooth surface contact mark data of the bevel gear of the transmission system of the tractor, which aim at checking and adjusting actual conditions during the assembly of the bevel gear of the transmission system of the tractor, can meet the requirement of simultaneously acquiring convex surface and concave surface mark data of the bevel gear on an assembly line, realize online detection, analysis and adjustment, improve the checking and adjustment efficiency of the assembly line of the transmission system and improve the quality of a speed reducer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
1. a tooth surface contact mark data acquisition device of a bevel gear of a tractor transmission system comprises:
comprises a support part, an image acquisition part and a control and processing part.
The control and processing part is used for controlling support and image acquisition and has image processing and communication functions, and comprises two driving motors, a data acquisition card and a computer which are arranged in the shell, wherein the two driving motors are arranged close to each other, and the shell is fixed through a fixing device.
The support part is used for fixing the image acquisition part and comprises two semi-annular supports, one ends of the two supports are respectively and fixedly connected to output shafts of two driving motors of the control and processing part, and the two supports are connected under the drive of the driving motors to form a complete circular ring or are symmetrically arranged in an opening angle.
The image acquisition part is used for acquiring a tooth surface contact impression image of the bevel gear of the tractor drive train and comprises a camera, a light source and a concave mirror; the light sources are arranged on the inner cylindrical surfaces of the two brackets and are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the cameras and the concave mirrors are arranged on the lateral sides of the two brackets and are arranged in opposite directions.
The camera and the concave mirror are fixed on one side of the bracket, and the other side of the bracket is provided with a shell of the control and treatment part. The light sources are uniformly distributed on the inner curved surface of the bracket, so that a stable photographing environment is provided for the camera.
The optical axes of the camera and the concave mirror are coincident and parallel to a plane formed by the two brackets, the camera lens is arranged on two sides between the two brackets in opposite directions, and faces towards the mirror surface of the concave mirror.
The focal length of the camera is equal to one half of the distance from the camera lens to the center of the concave mirror along the optical axis, and the focal length of the concave mirror is equal to one quarter of the distance from the camera lens to the center of the concave mirror along the optical axis.
2. A method for judging and identifying tooth surface contact mark data of a bevel gear of a tractor transmission system comprises the following steps:
1) The two brackets are controlled by the control and processing part to form symmetrical arrangement, the brackets rotate relative to the hinge point, the bevel gear to be measured is placed at the side of the two brackets and between the camera and the concave mirror, in particular at the same side with the camera and the concave mirror, the tooth top circle surface of the bevel gear to be measured is tangential with the optical axis of the camera or the concave mirror, and the tangential point is positioned at the midpoint position of the connecting line of the camera lens to the center of the concave mirror along the optical axis;
2) The control and processing part is used for controlling the starting of the light source, and the camera is used for collecting the tooth surface contact impression image of the bevel gear to be measured;
during acquisition, the top tooth of the bevel gear to be measured is positioned in the middle of a connecting line between the camera lens and the center of the concave mirror along the optical axis, and the radial direction of the top tooth of the bevel gear to be measured is perpendicular to the optical axis of the camera or the concave mirror.
In the specific implementation, the tooth surfaces at two sides of each tooth of the bevel gear to be tested are respectively a convex surface and a concave surface.
The tooth surface contact mark refers to a mark generated when the tooth surfaces of two gear teeth of the bevel gear to be tested are contacted with each other in the meshing rotation process.
3) The control and processing part processes and extracts characteristic data of each collected tooth surface contact impression image to obtain the identification result of the bevel gear to be tested, wherein the extracted characteristic data specifically comprises the step of extracting tooth surface contact impression characteristics in real time after image pretreatment, impression region and tooth profile region segmentation algorithm and bevel gear parameter calibration measurement.
The image of the tooth surface contact mark collected by the camera comprises tooth surfaces at two sides of the tooth. One tooth surface is directly imaged into the camera, and the other opposite tooth surface is reflected by the concave mirror and then imaged into the camera. In practice, the tooth surface contact patch image needs to be subjected to graying treatment.
In the step 3), the tooth surface contact patch image is equally divided into a sub-image of the upper half and a sub-image of the lower half, and then:
3.1 Image preprocessing: the two sub-images are respectively corresponding to tooth surfaces at two sides of the tooth, and the sub-images G (m, n) are subjected to median filtering, image sharpening and image binarization to obtain a processed image G 3 (m,n)；
The camera captures an image of size p×q pixels.
3.2 Imprint region and tooth profile region segmentation:
the invention adopts an impression region and a tooth profile region segmentation algorithm to extract and segment the tooth profile and the impression of the preprocessed image, wherein the tooth profile represents the complete tooth profile of the bevel gear in the whole image.
Will process the post-processing image G 3 (m, n) detecting by adopting an edge detection algorithm to obtain a tooth profile and an impression profile in an image, wherein the tooth profile and the impression profile are formed by a series of pixel points on the profile, the tooth height of one side of the two sides of the tooth profile is smaller than the tooth height of the other side, and the tooth height is taken as a small end of the tooth profile;
calculating the total length a of the tooth profile and the length l3 of the impression in the tooth length direction, and calculating the minimum distance from the contour of the impression to the small end of the tooth profile as a first distance l1 and the minimum distance from the contour of the impression to the tooth profile top as a second distance l2; during calculation, a tooth profile small end linear equation F1 is constructed by using each pixel point of a tooth profile small end, a tooth profile top surface edge linear equation F2 is constructed by using each pixel point of a tooth profile top edge, then the coordinate positions of each pixel point of an impression contour are respectively calculated with the tooth profile small end linear equation F1 and the tooth profile top surface edge linear equation F2 to obtain the nearest pixel point positions, and distances l1 and l2 are calculated according to the nearest pixel point positions.
The tooth flank print data for both sides of the tooth are processed in the same manner.
The length l3 of the imprint in the tooth length direction adopts an ellipse-like algorithm to calculate the long axial length of the imprint contour.
3.3 Bevel gear parameter calibration measurement:
the visual field of the camera is actually x in length, y in width and y/2 in width, and the pixel abscissa value range of the photographed image is [0, P ] as the image of the tooth surface impression at two sides of the tooth is photographed at the same time, the pixel ordinate value range of the photographed sub-image is [0, Q/2].
The distance L1, the distance L2 and the ratio B are calculated using the following formula:
wherein L1 represents the distance from the actual meshing impression to the small end of the tooth profile of the bevel gear, L2 represents the distance from the actual meshing impression to the top surface of the bevel gear, and B represents the ratio of the total length of the impression to the total length of the tooth profile; x and y respectively represent the length and width of the camera field of view;
3.4 For two sub-images corresponding to the tooth surfaces at two sides of the tooth, the distance L1, the distance L2 and the ratio B are obtained by adopting the steps 3.1) to 3.3), the average value of the same parameters of the two sub-images is L1', L2', B ', and then the result of judging whether the bevel gear to be tested is qualified or not is obtained by adopting the following mode:
if the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, namely that the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, and the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, wherein the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, and the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements is the requirements. Otherwise, if one of the three parameters of any surface does not meet the requirement, the tooth surface engagement of the bevel gear to be measured does not meet the requirement and needs to be adjusted.
In the step 3.1) of image preprocessing, the median filtering processing, the image sharpening and the image binarization are specifically carried out as follows:
3.1.1 Median filter processing: specifically, for each pixel point in the sub-image G (m, n), filtering with a 3×3 window, and replacing the original gray value of the central pixel point in the 3×3 window with the gray median value of all the pixel points in the 3×3 window, where the specific formula is as follows:
G 1 (m,n)＝Med{G(m,n)},(m,n＝0,1,2,…N-1)
wherein Med { G (m, n) } represents a median function, and G (m, n) represents a gray value of a pixel point (m, n) in the sub-image; g 1 (m, n) represents the gray value of the median filtered sub-pixel point (m, n);
3.1.2 Image sharpening): for the image pixels after median filtering, firstly calculating a gradient operator by using a Roberts algorithm, and then obtaining sharpened image pixel values, wherein the formula is as follows:
G′ 2 (m,n)＝{[G 1 (m,n)-G 1 (m+1,n)] 2 +[G 1 (m,n)-G 1 (m,n+1)] 2 }1/2
G 2 (m,n)＝G′ 2 (m,n) G′ 2 (m,n)≥T
G 2 (m,n)＝G 1 (m, n) other
Wherein G' 2 (m, n) represents the gradient operator of the Roberts algorithm, G 1 (m, n) represents the gray value of the image pixel point (m, n) after the median filtering process; g 2 (m, n) represents the gray value of the image pixel point (m, n) after the image is sharpened, and T is a non-negative threshold value;
3.1.3 Image binarization): for the sharpened image, calculating a binarization threshold value by using an Otsu algorithm, then acquiring a binarized image pixel value, and carrying out binarization processing on each pixel point:
G 3 (m,n)＝1 G 2 (m,n)>T′
G 3 (m,n)＝0 G 2 (m,n)≤T′
wherein T' represents the value calculated by Otsu algorithm as a binary threshold, G 2 (m, n) represents a gradation value of the image pixel point (m, n) after the sharpening process; g 3 (m, n) represents an image pixel after image binarization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the single camera is used for photographing once and simultaneously acquiring double-sided tooth surface contact impression data of the bevel gear of the tractor drive train, so that the inspection and adjustment efficiency of the drive train assembly line is improved, and the quality of the speed reducer is improved.
The method aims at checking and adjusting actual conditions during assembling of the bevel gears of the tractor drive lines, can meet the requirement of simultaneously acquiring convex and concave impression data of the bevel gears on an assembly line, and realizes online detection and data analysis, thereby improving the checking and adjusting efficiency of the drive lines and improving the quality of the speed reducers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tractor drive train bevel gear tooth flank contact patch data acquisition device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single camera acquiring bevel gear male-female contact patch data.
Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of intermediate data in an image used in the practice of the method of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1 camera, 2 fixing device, 3 control and processing part, 4 concave mirror, 5 support, 6 light source.
In fig. 3: each pixel point of the tooth profile small end constructs a tooth profile small end linear equation F1, each pixel point of the tooth profile tooth top edge constructs a tooth profile tooth top surface edge linear equation F2, the tooth profile total length a, the length l3 of the impression in the tooth length direction, the minimum distance l1 from the impression profile to the tooth profile small end and the minimum distance l2 from the impression profile to the tooth profile tooth top.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the tractor drive train bevel gear tooth flank contact patch data acquisition apparatus in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the tractor drive train bevel gear tooth surface contact patch data acquisition device includes: 1 camera, 2 fixing device, 3 control and processing part, 4 concave mirror, 5 support, 6 light source.
As shown in fig. 2, a single camera acquires a bevel gear convex-concave contact footprint data schematic diagram: the camera 1 is aligned with the axis of the concave mirror 4, and the lens and the mirror face are arranged in opposite directions; the distance between the two is equal to twice the focal length of the camera 1 and is equal to four times the focal length of the concave mirror 4; the gear to be measured is positioned at the midpoint of the connecting line of the two gears, and the minimum distance d between the gear to be measured and the mirror surface is smaller than the focal length f of the concave mirror 4. According to the imaging principle of the concave mirror, the image of the B surface of the measured gear is reflected by the concave mirror 4 to form an equal proportion B' image, and the camera 1 can acquire the images comprising the A surface and the B surface of the measured gear.
The embodiment of the invention and the implementation process are as follows: a gear surface contact mark data acquisition device of a bevel gear of a tractor transmission system is fixed on an assembly line. Then, two annular supports 5 are matched with the control and processing part 3 through a power structure, the two supports form a certain angle, the axes of the camera 1 and the concave mirror 4 are aligned and arranged in opposite directions, the lens of the camera 1 faces the mirror surface of the concave mirror 4, the focal length of the camera 1 is equal to one half of the distance from the lens of the camera to the concave mirror 4, and the focal length of the concave mirror 4 is equal to one quarter of the distance from the lens of the camera 1 to the concave mirror.
The control and processing part 3 controls the image acquisition part to work, the light source 6 is started, and the camera 1 acquires the image of the contact impression of the convex and concave surfaces of the bevel gear.
The control and processing part receives the bevel gear convex-concave contact impression graph, and processes and extracts impression characteristic data in real time by an image preprocessing, an impression region and tooth profile region segmentation algorithm and a bevel gear parameter calibration measurement method.
The tooth surface contact patch image is equally divided into a sub-image of the upper half and a sub-image of the lower half.
Image preprocessing: the two sub-images are respectively corresponding to tooth surfaces at two sides of the tooth, and the sub-images G (m, n) are subjected to median filtering, image sharpening and image binarization to obtain a processed image G 3 (m,n)；
The camera captures an image of size p×q pixels.
Median filtering: specifically, for each pixel point in the sub-image G (m, n), the gray median of the pixel point in the 3×3 window is used to replace the original gray value of the central pixel point in the 3×3 window, and the specific formula is as follows:
G 1 (m,n)＝Med{G(m,n)},(m,n＝0,1,2,…N-1)
wherein Med { G (m, n) } represents a median function, and G (m, n) represents a gray value of a pixel point (m, n) in the sub-image; g 1 (m, n) represents the gray value of the median filtered sub-pixel point (m, n);
image sharpening: specifically, for the image pixels after median filtering, gradient operators are calculated by Roberts firstly, and then sharpened image pixel values are obtained.
G′ 2 (m,n)＝{[G 1 (m,n)-G 1 (m+1,n)] 2 +[G 1 (m,n)-G 1 (m,n+1)] 2 }1/2
G 2 (m,n)＝G′ 2 (m,n) G′ 2 (m,n)≥T
G 2 (m,n)＝G 1 (m, n) other
Wherein G' 2 (m, n) represents the gradient operator of the Roberts algorithm, G 1 (m, n) represents the gray value of the image pixel point (m, n) after the median filtering process; g 2 (m, n) represents the gray value of the image pixel point (m, n) after the image is sharpened; t is a non-negative threshold.
Image binarization: specifically, for a sharpened image, a binarization threshold value is calculated by using an Otsu algorithm, and then a binarized image pixel value is obtained.
G 3 (m,n)＝1 G 2 (m,n)>T′
G 3 (m,n)＝0 G 2 (m,n)≤T′
Wherein T' represents the value calculated by Otsu algorithm as a binary threshold, G 2 (m, n) represents a gradation value of the image pixel point (m, n) after the sharpening process; g 3 (m, n) represents an image pixel after image binarization.
Impression area and tooth profile area segmentation: and carrying out tooth profile and impression extraction segmentation on the preprocessed image by adopting an impression region and tooth profile region segmentation algorithm, wherein the tooth profile represents the complete tooth profile of the bevel gear in the whole image.
Detecting the processed image G by adopting an edge detection algorithm to obtain a tooth profile and an impression profile in the image, wherein the tooth profile and the impression profile are formed by a series of pixel points;
in the present embodiment, a DMK23G618 black-and-white camera from Image Source company was used as camera 1, and the Image pixels were 640 (H) by 480 (V).
The CCD chip of the DMK23G618 black-and-white camera has a size of 1/4 inch, and the chip has a length of 3.2 and a width of 2.4mm. And a VL-LEM3520-MP5 lens with a focal length of 35mm is selected, and a myopia cut-off ring with a length of 5mm is added for shortening, so that the resolution of the system is improved.
Field of view= (lens focal length. CCD chip size)/myopia cut-off length.
The system resolution is the ratio of the actual size of the field of view to the number of pixels of the CCD camera image.
The calculation is as follows: the camera resolution in the horizontal and vertical directions were the same, both 0.035mm/pixel.
As shown in fig. 3, calculating the total tooth profile length a and the length l3 of the impression in the tooth length direction, and calculating the minimum distance from the profile of the impression to the small end of the tooth profile as a first distance l1 and the minimum distance from the profile of the impression to the tooth profile top as a second distance l2; during calculation, a tooth profile small end linear equation F1 is constructed by using each pixel point of a tooth profile small end, a tooth profile top surface edge linear equation F2 is constructed by using each pixel point of a tooth profile top edge, then the coordinate positions of each pixel point of an impression contour are respectively calculated with the tooth profile small end linear equation F1 and the tooth profile top surface edge linear equation F2 to obtain the nearest pixel point positions, and distances l1 and l2 are calculated according to the nearest pixel point positions.
The tooth flank print data for both sides of the tooth are processed in the same manner.
The length l3 of the impression in the tooth length direction is calculated by adopting an ellipse-like algorithm to calculate the long axial length of the contour of the impression.
Bevel gear parameter calibration measurement: the visual field of the camera is actually x in length, y in width, y/2 in width and y/2 in width, and the attribute of the DMK23G618 industrial camera can know that the value range of the abscissa of the photographed image pixel is [0,640], and the value range of the ordinate of the photographed image pixel is [0,480], and the tooth surface impression images at two sides of the tooth are photographed.
The distance L1, the distance L2 and the ratio B are calculated using the following formula:
wherein L1 represents the distance from the actual meshing impression to the small end of the tooth profile of the bevel gear, L2 represents the distance from the actual meshing impression to the top surface of the bevel gear, and B represents the ratio of the total length of the impression to the total length of the tooth profile; x and y respectively represent the actual length and width of the camera field of view;
for two sub-images corresponding to tooth surfaces on two sides of a tooth, the distance L1, the distance L2 and the ratio B are obtained by adopting the steps, the average value of the same parameters of the two sub-images is L1', L2', B ', and then the result of judging whether the bevel gear to be tested is qualified or not is obtained by adopting the following modes:
if the L is less than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 4mm, the L2 is less than or equal to 0.8mm and less than or equal to 1.6mm, and the B is more than or equal to 2/3; l1 is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 4mm, L2 is more than or equal to 0.8mm and less than or equal to 1.6mm, and B is more than or equal to 2/3, so that the tooth surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, and the product is qualified. If one of the three parameters of any one surface does not meet the requirements, the tooth surface engagement of the bevel gear to be measured does not meet the requirements and needs to be adjusted.
If the impression does not meet the requirements, the computer analyzes the image according to the stored image data, and when the contact impression is close to the large end of the tooth of the driven bevel gear, the moving distance of the driven bevel gear to the drive bevel gear and the outward moving distance of the drive bevel gear are given according to the distance of the impression close to the large end.
When the contact mark is at the small end of the tooth of the driven bevel gear, the distance of the driven bevel gear to move away from the drive bevel gear and the inward movement distance of the drive wheel are given according to the distance of the mark near the small end.
When the contact mark is on the top end of the tooth of the driven bevel gear, the distance that the driving bevel gear approaches the driven bevel gear and the distance that the driven bevel gear moves away are given.
When the contact mark is at the root of the tooth of the driven bevel gear, the distance that the drive bevel gear moves away from the driven bevel gear and the distance that the driven bevel gear approaches are given.
And finally, the control and processing part uploads the processing result to the information management system of the cloud.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a tractor drive train bevel gear tooth face contact impression data acquisition device which characterized in that: comprises a supporting part, an image acquisition part and a control and processing part;
the control and processing part comprises two driving motors, a data acquisition card and a computer which are arranged in the shell, wherein the two driving motors are arranged close to each other;
the support part comprises two semi-annular brackets (5), one ends of the two brackets (5) are respectively and fixedly connected to output shafts of two driving motors of the control and treatment part, and the two brackets (5) are connected under the drive of the driving motors to form a complete circular ring or are symmetrically arranged in an opening angle;
the image acquisition part comprises a camera (1), a light source (6) and a concave mirror (4); the light sources (6) are arranged on the inner cylindrical surfaces of the two brackets (5) and are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction, the cameras (1) and the concave mirrors (4) are arranged on the sides of the two brackets (5) and are arranged in opposite directions, and the cameras (1) are connected with the computer through the data acquisition card;
the optical axes of the camera (1) and the concave mirror (4) are coincident and parallel to a plane formed by the two brackets (5), the camera and the concave mirror are oppositely arranged at two sides between the two brackets (5), and the lens of the camera (1) faces the mirror surface of the concave mirror (4);
the focal length of the camera (1) is equal to one half of the distance from the camera lens to the center of the concave mirror along the optical axis, and the focal length of the concave mirror (4) is equal to one quarter of the distance from the camera lens to the center of the concave mirror along the optical axis;
the two brackets (5) are symmetrically arranged, the bevel gear to be measured is placed at the side of the two brackets (5) and is positioned between the camera (1) and the concave mirror (4), the tooth top circle surface of the bevel gear to be measured is tangential to the optical axis of the camera (1) or the concave mirror (4), and the tangential point is positioned at the midpoint position of the connecting line of the camera lens from the optical axis to the center of the concave mirror.
2. A method for judging and identifying tooth surface contact mark data of a bevel gear of a tractor transmission system, the method being based on the device of claim 1 and comprising the following steps:
1) The two brackets (5) are controlled by the control and processing part to form symmetrical arrangement, the bevel gear to be measured is placed at the side of the two brackets (5) and is positioned between the camera (1) and the concave mirror (4), the top circle surface of the bevel gear to be measured is tangential to the optical axis of the camera (1) or the concave mirror (4), and the tangential point is positioned at the midpoint position of the connecting line of the camera lens from the optical axis to the center of the concave mirror;
2) The control and processing part controls the starting of the light source (6), and the camera (1) collects the tooth surface contact impression image of the bevel gear to be measured;
3) The control and processing part processes and extracts characteristic data of each collected tooth surface contact impression image to obtain the identification result of the bevel gear to be tested.
3. A method for acquiring tooth surface contact patch data of a bevel gear of a tractor drive train as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the image of the tooth surface contact impression collected by the camera (1) comprises tooth surfaces at two sides of the tooth.
4. A method of acquiring tooth flank contact patch data for a tractor drive train bevel gear according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 3), the tooth surface contact patch image is equally divided into a sub-image of the upper half and a sub-image of the lower half, and then:
3.1 Image preprocessing: firstly, median filtering, image sharpening and image binarization are sequentially carried out on a sub-image G (m, n) to obtain a processed image G 3 (m,n)；
3.2 Imprint region and tooth profile region segmentation:
will process the post-processing image G 3 (m, n) detecting by adopting an edge detection algorithm to obtain a tooth profile and an impression profile in an image, wherein the tooth profile and the impression profile are formed by a series of pixel points on the profile, the tooth height of one side of the two sides of the tooth profile is smaller than the tooth height of the other side, and the tooth height is taken as a small end of the tooth profile; calculating the total length a of the tooth profile and the length l3 of the impression in the tooth length direction, and calculating the minimum distance from the contour of the impression to the small end of the tooth profile as a first distance l1 and the minimum distance from the contour of the impression to the tooth profile top as a second distance l2;
3.3 Bevel gear parameter calibration measurement:
the distance L1, the distance L2 and the ratio B are calculated using the following formula:
wherein L1 represents the distance from the actual meshing impression to the small end of the tooth profile of the bevel gear, L2 represents the distance from the actual meshing impression to the top surface of the bevel gear, and B represents the ratio of the total length of the impression to the total length of the tooth profile; x and y respectively represent the length and width of the field of view of the camera, and P, Q respectively represent the transverse and longitudinal lengths of the image acquired by the camera;
3.4 For two sub-images corresponding to the tooth surfaces at two sides of the tooth, the distance L1, the distance L2 and the ratio B are obtained by adopting the steps 3.1) to 3.3), the average value of the same parameters of the two sub-images is L1', L2', B ', and then the result of judging whether the bevel gear to be tested is qualified or not is obtained by adopting the following mode:
if the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, namely that the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, and the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, wherein the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements, and the gear surface engagement of the bevel gear to be tested meets the requirements is the requirements.
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