CN205426774U - Protect inclined to one side photonic crystal optic fibre hydrogen sensor based on polarized light is interfered - Google Patents
Protect inclined to one side photonic crystal optic fibre hydrogen sensor based on polarized light is interfered Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于光纤氢气传感技术领域,具体涉及一种基于偏振光干涉的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器。The utility model belongs to the technical field of optical fiber hydrogen sensing, in particular to a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal optical fiber hydrogen sensor based on polarized light interference.
背景技术Background technique
氢气(H2)的能量密度高,燃烧产物无毒无害,被公认为二十一世纪最具发展潜力的二次能源。在室温和标准大气压条件下,氢气的爆炸浓度范围非常广(4 %~74.2 %),点火能量极小(0.02mJ),强烈的易燃易爆性对氢气检测装置的安全性,可靠性以及对超低浓度氢气的响应能力提出了较高要求。Hydrogen (H 2 ) has a high energy density, and its combustion products are non-toxic and harmless. It is recognized as the most promising secondary energy source in the 21st century. Under the conditions of room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, the explosive concentration range of hydrogen is very wide (4%~74.2%), the ignition energy is extremely small (0.02mJ), and the strong flammability and explosiveness have great influence on the safety, reliability and Higher requirements are put forward for the response ability of ultra-low concentration hydrogen.
光学氢气传感器,尤其是光纤氢气传感器,利用光作为媒介进行氢气浓度传感,由于传感部分不存在电学部件,具有本质防爆,灵敏度高,对电磁干扰免疫等优势,近年来引起了广泛的关注和研究。常见的光纤光栅型氢气传感器,需要额外的温度补偿措施抑制中心波长的温度漂移,检测精度不高的同时还存在对温度交叉敏感的问题。Optical hydrogen sensors, especially fiber optic hydrogen sensors, use light as a medium for hydrogen concentration sensing. Since there are no electrical components in the sensing part, it has the advantages of intrinsic explosion-proof, high sensitivity, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. It has attracted widespread attention in recent years. and research. The common fiber grating type hydrogen sensor requires additional temperature compensation measures to suppress the temperature drift of the central wavelength, the detection accuracy is not high, and there is also the problem of temperature cross-sensitivity.
保偏光子晶体光纤(PM-PCF)是具有保偏特性的光子晶体光纤,通过纤芯周围的光子晶体结构结合应力棒产生统一的应力双折射效应,能够长距离地保持偏振光的偏振态同位,其良好的温度特性,有利于制作对温度不敏感的光纤器件,能有效简化仪器结构,提高装置稳定性。Polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) is a photonic crystal fiber with polarization-maintaining characteristics. The photonic crystal structure around the fiber core combined with stress rods produces a uniform stress birefringence effect, which can maintain the polarization state of polarized light in the same place for a long distance. , its good temperature characteristics are conducive to the production of optical fiber devices that are not sensitive to temperature, can effectively simplify the instrument structure, and improve the stability of the device.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足,本实用新型的目的在于提供一种基于偏振光干涉的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器,通过干涉波谷波长的漂移量反应氢气浓度,该结构易于实现,灵敏度高,温度特性优良,能有效减轻环境温度波动对氢气浓度检测带来的不利影响。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber hydrogen sensor based on polarization interference, which can reflect the hydrogen concentration through the drift of the interference wave trough wavelength. Excellent, can effectively reduce the adverse effects of ambient temperature fluctuations on hydrogen concentration detection.
本实用新型通过以下技术方案实现:一种基于偏振光干涉的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器,由宽带光源(1),传输光纤(2),偏振控制器(3),PM-PCF(4),Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5),二维光纤夹具(6),恒温气室(7),光谱仪(8)组成;宽带光源(1)通过传输光纤(2)连接至偏振控制器(3),偏振控制器(3)通过传输光纤(2)与PM-PCF(4)左端相连,PM-PCF(4)右端通过传输光纤(2)与光谱仪(8)相连;其中,PM-PCF(4)的慢轴外侧均匀溅射Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)覆盖外周的二分之一构成氢敏感头,二维光纤夹具(6)将PM-PCF(4)固定在恒温气室(7)底部。The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions: a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber hydrogen sensor based on polarization interference, which consists of a broadband light source (1), a transmission fiber (2), a polarization controller (3), and a PM-PCF (4) , Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5), two-dimensional optical fiber fixture (6), constant temperature gas chamber (7), spectrometer (8); the broadband light source (1) is connected to the polarization controller (3) through the transmission optical fiber (2) ), the polarization controller (3) is connected to the left end of the PM-PCF (4) through the transmission fiber (2), and the right end of the PM-PCF (4) is connected to the spectrometer (8) through the transmission fiber (2); among them, the PM-PCF ( 4) A Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) is uniformly sputtered on the outside of the slow axis to form a hydrogen sensitive head, and the two-dimensional optical fiber fixture (6) fixes the PM-PCF (4) in a constant temperature gas chamber ( 7) Bottom.
所述的PM-PCF(4)的长度为30mm~50mm,Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)的镀膜长度为20mm~30mm,膜厚为40nm~50nm,Ag质量分数为20%~40%。The length of the PM-PCF (4) is 30mm-50mm, the coating length of the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) is 20mm-30mm, the film thickness is 40nm-50nm, and the mass fraction of Ag is 20%-40%.
所述的PM-PCF(4)选用的保偏光子晶体光纤的优选型号是PM-1550-01,工作波长在1550nm。The preferred model of the polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber selected by the PM-PCF (4) is PM-1550-01, and the working wavelength is 1550nm.
本实用新型的工作原理是:宽带光源(1)发射波长1500nm~1600nm的光束,通过偏振控制器(3)调整偏振态后沿传输光纤(2)入射PM-PCF。由于PM-PCF(4)的慢轴外侧均匀溅射Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)并覆盖外周的二分之一,包层表面镀膜分布沿轴向不对称,在Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)吸收氢气发生体积膨胀后,挤压包层内空气孔能对快轴、慢轴的双折射效应产生不同影响。受调制后慢轴光的偏振方向和相位发生改变,而快轴光状态保持不变,两个传输模式之间出现相位差并在传输光纤(2)内发生干涉,干涉信号沿传输光纤(2)被光谱仪(8)接收。由此可知,干涉光谱的漂移量由Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)挤压PM-PCF(4)引入的相位差决定,而Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)对氢气非常敏感,因此能够实现对环境氢气浓度的高精度传感。The working principle of the utility model is: the broadband light source (1) emits a light beam with a wavelength of 1500nm~1600nm, adjusts the polarization state through the polarization controller (3), and then enters the PM-PCF along the transmission fiber (2). Since the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) is evenly sputtered on the outside of the slow axis of PM-PCF (4) and covers half of the outer circumference, the coating distribution on the cladding surface is asymmetrical along the axial direction, and the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) After absorbing hydrogen and causing volume expansion, the air holes in the extruded cladding can have different effects on the birefringence effects of the fast axis and the slow axis. After being modulated, the polarization direction and phase of the slow-axis light change, while the state of the fast-axis light remains unchanged, a phase difference appears between the two transmission modes and interference occurs in the transmission fiber (2), and the interference signal travels along the transmission fiber (2 ) is received by the spectrometer (8). It can be seen that the drift of the interference spectrum is determined by the phase difference introduced by the Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) squeezing the PM-PCF (4), and the Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) is very sensitive to hydrogen, so it can Realize high-precision sensing of ambient hydrogen concentration.
快轴光与慢轴光之间的相位差由PM-PCF自身和Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)的挤压同时决定,可以表示为Phase difference between fast axis light and slow axis light Determined simultaneously by the extrusion of PM-PCF itself and the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5), it can be expressed as
(1) (1)
式中,整数m为干涉级次,为第m级波谷波长,、分别为PM-PCF的固有双折射和光纤长度;、分别为Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)引入的附加双折射和镀膜区域的长度。In the formula, the integer m is the interference order, is the m-th order valley wavelength, , are the intrinsic birefringence and fiber length of PM-PCF, respectively; , are the additional birefringence introduced by the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) and the length of the coating area, respectively.
Pd由于吸收H2分子晶格体积发生膨胀,挤压包层内空气孔引起慢轴的双折射改变,两个传输模式之间的相位差变为Due to the expansion of the molecular lattice volume of Pd due to the absorption of H2 , the extrusion of the air holes in the cladding causes the birefringence change of the slow axis, and the phase difference between the two transmission modes becomes
(2) (2)
由(1)式和(2)式可得,第m级干涉波谷漂移量为From (1) and (2), it can be obtained that the m-th order interference wave trough drift for
(3) (3)
附加双折射变化量决定了第m级干涉波谷漂移量,而Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)对氢气非常敏感,因此能够实现氢气浓度的高精度传感。Additional birefringence change Determines the m-th order interference trough drift, and the Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) is very sensitive to hydrogen, so it can realize high-precision sensing of hydrogen concentration.
本实用新型的有益效果是:(1)选用温度特性优良的PM-PCF制作对温度不敏感的光纤氢气传感器,无需温度补偿环节,有效简化仪器结构,节约制作成本;(2)Ag能有效抑制Pd结合H原子发生的相变,稳定金属晶格结构,缓解Pd涂层表面起泡、层错现象,提高氢敏感膜机械性能,延长装置使用寿命;因此,本实用新型具有结构简单,灵敏度高,能减轻温度波动对氢气浓度检测带来的影响等优点,为氢气浓度在线监测提供了一种切实可行的方案。The beneficial effects of the utility model are: (1) PM-PCF with excellent temperature characteristics is used to make an optical fiber hydrogen sensor that is not sensitive to temperature, and no temperature compensation link is required, which effectively simplifies the instrument structure and saves production costs; (2) Ag can effectively inhibit Pd binds H atom phase change, stabilize the metal lattice structure, alleviate the phenomenon of blistering and stacking faults on the surface of the Pd coating, improve the mechanical properties of the hydrogen-sensitive film, and prolong the service life of the device; therefore, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, and can reduce the impact of temperature fluctuations. The advantages of the influence brought by the detection of hydrogen concentration provide a practical solution for online monitoring of hydrogen concentration.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种基于偏振光干涉的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器的系统原理图。Figure 1 is a system schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber hydrogen sensor based on polarization interference.
图2是一种基于偏振光干涉的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器中氢敏感头的横截面示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hydrogen sensitive head in a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber hydrogen sensor based on polarization interference.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细描述。The utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
参见附图1,一种基于偏振光干涉的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器,其特征在于:由宽带光源(1),传输光纤(2),偏振控制器(3),PM-PCF(4),Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5),二维光纤夹具(6),恒温气室(7),光谱仪(8)组成;宽带光源(1)通过传输光纤(2)连接至偏振控制器(3),偏振控制器(3)通过传输光纤(2)与PM-PCF(4)左端相连,PM-PCF(4)右端通过传输光纤(2)与光谱仪(8)相连;二维光纤夹具(6)将PM-PCF(4)固定在恒温气室(7)底部;氢敏感头横截面参见附图2,PM-PCF(4)的慢轴外侧均匀溅射Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)覆盖外周的二分之一,PM-PCF(4)的长度为40mm,镀膜区域的长度为30mm,Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)的膜厚为40nm,Ag的质量分数为25%,PM-PCF(4)是PM-1550-01型号的保偏光子晶体光纤。Referring to accompanying drawing 1, a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber hydrogen sensor based on polarization interference is characterized in that it consists of broadband light source (1), transmission fiber (2), polarization controller (3), PM-PCF (4) , Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5), two-dimensional optical fiber fixture (6), constant temperature gas chamber (7), spectrometer (8); the broadband light source (1) is connected to the polarization controller (3) through the transmission optical fiber (2) ), the polarization controller (3) is connected to the left end of the PM-PCF (4) through the transmission fiber (2), and the right end of the PM-PCF (4) is connected to the spectrometer (8) through the transmission fiber (2); the two-dimensional fiber holder (6 ) Fix the PM-PCF (4) at the bottom of the constant temperature gas chamber (7); see the attached figure 2 for the cross-section of the hydrogen sensitive head, uniformly sputter Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) on the outside of the slow axis of the PM-PCF (4) Covering half of the outer circumference, the length of PM-PCF (4) is 40mm, the length of the coating area is 30mm, the film thickness of Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) is 40nm, the mass fraction of Ag is 25%, PM - PCF (4) is a PM-1550-01 type polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber.
传输光纤(2)利用单模光纤制作而成,传输光纤(2)和PM-PCF(4)之间使用光纤熔接机标准程序熔接,采用的光纤熔接机型号为Fujikura 60s。二维光纤夹具(6)维持PM-PCF(4)水平绷直,以免Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)因为光纤弯曲脱落和保持PM-PCF(4)固有双折射恒定。恒温气室(7)内气温保持在25摄氏度。The transmission fiber (2) is made of single-mode fiber, and the transmission fiber (2) and the PM-PCF (4) are spliced using the standard procedure of a fiber fusion splicer. The model of the fiber fusion splicer used is Fujikura 60s. The two-dimensional optical fiber clamp (6) keeps the PM-PCF (4) horizontally stretched, so as to prevent the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) from falling off due to fiber bending and keep the inherent birefringence of the PM-PCF (4) constant. Air temperature remains on 25 degrees Celsius in the constant temperature air chamber (7).
本实用新型的工作原理是:宽带光源(1)发射波长1500nm~1600nm的光束,通过偏振控制器(3)调整偏振态后沿传输光纤(2)入射PM-PCF。由于PM-PCF(4)的慢轴外侧均匀溅射Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)并覆盖外周的二分之一,包层表面镀膜分布沿轴向不对称,在Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)吸收氢气发生体积膨胀后,挤压包层内空气孔能对快轴、慢轴的双折射效应产生不同影响。受调制后慢轴光的偏振方向和相位发生改变,而快轴光状态保持不变,两个传输模式之间出现相位差并在传输光纤(2)内发生干涉,干涉信号沿传输光纤(2)被光谱仪(8)接收。由此可知,干涉光谱的漂移量由Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)挤压PM-PCF(4)引入的相位差决定,而Pd/Ag氢敏感膜(5)对氢气非常敏感,因此能够实现对环境氢气浓度的高精度传感。The working principle of the utility model is: the broadband light source (1) emits a light beam with a wavelength of 1500nm~1600nm, adjusts the polarization state through the polarization controller (3), and then enters the PM-PCF along the transmission fiber (2). Since the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) is evenly sputtered on the outside of the slow axis of PM-PCF (4) and covers half of the outer circumference, the coating distribution on the cladding surface is asymmetrical along the axial direction, and the Pd/Ag hydrogen-sensitive film (5) After absorbing hydrogen and causing volume expansion, the air holes in the extruded cladding can have different effects on the birefringence effects of the fast axis and the slow axis. After being modulated, the polarization direction and phase of the slow-axis light change, while the state of the fast-axis light remains unchanged, a phase difference appears between the two transmission modes and interference occurs in the transmission fiber (2), and the interference signal travels along the transmission fiber (2 ) is received by the spectrometer (8). It can be seen that the drift of the interference spectrum is determined by the phase difference introduced by the Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) squeezing the PM-PCF (4), and the Pd/Ag hydrogen sensitive film (5) is very sensitive to hydrogen, so it can Realize high-precision sensing of ambient hydrogen concentration.
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