CN205368469U - High -efficient step fork fraction gyration reducing furnace - Google Patents

High -efficient step fork fraction gyration reducing furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205368469U
CN205368469U CN201620194340.7U CN201620194340U CN205368469U CN 205368469 U CN205368469 U CN 205368469U CN 201620194340 U CN201620194340 U CN 201620194340U CN 205368469 U CN205368469 U CN 205368469U
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kiln
kiln body
main
fraction
support
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李宾
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Abstract

The utility model provides a high -efficient step fork fraction gyration reducing furnace, include: main kiln body, vice kiln body, step fork fraction main support, but wherein there is the regulating gate of a horizontal hunting in this step fork fraction main support for the direction of delivery of control prereduction material, and built fender material dam by laying bricks or stones in the kiln, but the stirring of strength imparting material and heat transfer. The utility model provides a high -efficient step fork fraction gyration reducing furnace has solved the rotary kiln and has smelted the ring formation, unable continuous production's problem, and as a vice kiln body shutdown maintenance, another (reserve) vice kiln body is in time smelted, does not influence the continuous production of direct reduction ferronickel assembly line, has realized normal production.

Description

Efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace
Technical field
This utility model belongs to Non-ferrous Metallurgy field, is specifically related to a kind of efficiently step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace.
Background technology
Lateritic nickel ore accounts for more than the 70% of whole world nickel resources, and storage capacity, much larger than sulphide ore, has resources advantage, in recent years rarely has large-scale nickel sulfide ore to find;Strengthen lateritic nickel ore and be developed into certainty.
2010, world nickel consumption figure 146.4 ten thousand t, China nickel consumption 53.4 ten thousand t, account for whole world nickel consumption figure about 36%.Nickel is consumed in every profession and trade and more and more applies, and particularly accounts for 60% in rustless steel production application.And stainless use is more and more extensive, rustless steel production and application ferronickel ratio is increasing year by year.
The smelting of tradition ferronickel mainly has blast furnace process, electric furnace reduction to smelt and rotary kiln drying-rotary kiln reduction-electric furnace reduction smelts (RKEF technique).Said method, can produce the ferro-nickel product of different grade.But, blast furnace process and electric furnace reduction are smelted to exist all to some extent and are polluted problem heavy, that energy consumption is high, level of resource utilization is low.
And large-scale roasting reduction rotary kiln is one of key equipment in whole smelting laterite-nickel ores technological process, Ore enters rotary kiln after drying, mineral surface moisture and water of crystallization is removed after being heated to 800 DEG C in rotary kiln, and ferrum in partial reduction Ore, nickel and cobalt/cobalt oxide, enter electro-smelting.
Rotary kiln technology has the following advantages compared with the techniques such as RKEF, blast furnace process or electric furnace process:
(1) main energy sources of melting is coal, rather than the coke of costliness or electric energy.
(2) unrestricted choice of raw material, the various lateritic nickel ores in available Southeast Asia.
(3) produced high-nickel ferronickel quality high (containing about Ni10%-20%), can be directly used as stainless raw materials for production.
(4) coolant time at the same time as molten steel.
But the maximum ring formation problem haveing a problem in that in fusion process of rotary kiln technology, in order to clear up ring formation, rotary kiln average two weeks to month (the longest two months) will carry out shutdown maintenance, could continue after destroying ring formation to produce, this is very big for the seriality impact produced, have a strong impact on the process of production, existing solution is all optimizing reduction temperature, the aspects such as the charge ratio of reducing agent do effort, ring formation process can only be delayed at most cannot thoroughly to solve the production technology discontinuous (except more than 15 days circle cycle major injury rotary kiln refractory material) that ring formation of rotary kiln causes, the problem needing frequent shutdown maintenance.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is in that to provide a kind of efficiently step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace, this rotary reduction furnace is readily able to the melting section of ring formation to be separated with dry and prereduction section, and melting section is set to two groups, one group is that production group produces, another group is for standby group, and when production group occurs that ring formation is unsuitable for producing, standby group is converted to production group and produces, and original production group is converted to the standby group of operation being removed ring formation, thus realizing the seriality produced.
To achieve these goals, this utility model provides following technical scheme:
This utility model provides a kind of efficiently step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace, including: a main kiln body, two secondary kiln bodies, a step fork fraction main support;
Wherein, this main kiln body is set by main kiln body support group holder, this main kiln body support group is provided with support roller, it is engaged with the bull gear being sheathed on main kiln, thus supporting this main kiln body, this main kiln body support group is additionally provided with the driving and actuating device that make this main kiln rotate on support roller, this main inclined placement of kiln body, of a relatively high upper end, position is main kiln body kiln tail, relatively low lower end, position is main kiln body kiln hood, this main kiln body is dryer section near this main kiln body kiln tail end, and next-door neighbour's dryer section the part to this main kiln body kiln hood end are prereduction section;
These two secondary kiln bodies are respectively arranged on main kiln body both sides, and close to main kiln body kiln hood position;Respectively this pair kiln status is not set by a secondary kiln body support base, respectively this pair kiln body support is provided with support roller, it is engaged with the bull gear being sheathed on each this pair kiln, thus supporting respectively this pair kiln body, respectively this pair kiln body support is additionally provided with and makes driving and the actuating device that respectively this pair kiln rotates on support roller, respectively this pair inclined placement of kiln body, of a relatively high upper end, position is secondary kiln body kiln tail, relatively low lower end, position is secondary kiln body kiln hood, and respectively this pair kiln body entirety is set to melting section;
The gradient of this main kiln body and respectively this pair kiln body is 2.5%, and main kiln body kiln hood position is higher than secondary kiln body kiln tail;
This step fork fraction main support is in " individual " font, and " people " character segment on the top of this step fork fraction main support is output portion, and support bottom is support portion;This output portion is made up of the pipeline of hollow, " people " word open top, for accepting the lateritic nickel ore that main kiln body kiln hood is sent, is provided with a regulating gate that can swing in open interior, for controlling the conveying direction of prereduction material;Bottom " people " word, two ends, left and right are respectively arranged with the discharging opening of a horizontal opening, respectively this discharging opening, are connected respectively by sealing with respectively this pair kiln body kiln tail.Preferably, described main kiln body is built into by laying bricks or stones annular backgauge dam, 3-5 road with on the described internal kiln wall of secondary kiln body by magnesium aluminate spinel composite brick, and this backgauge dam is vertical with secondary kiln body, is highly 1st/10th to ten/8th of corresponding kiln body diameter.
Other equipment relevant in the process of this utility model efficiently step used fork fraction rotary reduction furnace direct-reduction laterite nickel ore and producing ferronickel, if pressure ball equipment, mixing equipment, apparatus for feeding, coal powder injection equipment are (such as coal injection pipe, aerator, fine coal storehouse etc.), drying plant, flue gas ash removal and cleaning equipment etc. all use prior art device.
Wherein, mate the different coal powder injection burner blowing bituminous coal combustion heating of two passages, triple channel or four-way according to the size of rotary kiln model, there is sufficient combustion, flame is vivaciously strong, does not hinder kliner coating, and maintainability is strong, later period maintenance expense is low, stable and reliable working performance.
Advantage of the present utility model is:
1. change rotary structure
The melting section (secondary kiln body) of kiln body is separated by the efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that this utility model provides with dryer section and prereduction section (main kiln body); and it is equipped with two melting sections; when a melting section generation ring formation situation; control valve can control lateritic nickel ore prereduction material and enter the continuation production of another melting section; and this ring formation melting Duan Ze carries out shutting down cleaning; whole production process is continuously performed; without complete machine being carried out shutdown process when melting section ring formation, cause the interruption of production;In removing ring formation process, often destroy the refractory masses of rotary kiln simultaneously, lateritic nickel ore scorification state is also bigger to the erosion of refractory material, adopt and melting section is separated with dryer section and prereduction section, the refractory material that only can damage melting section when removing circle destroys without the refractory material that rotary reduction furnace is overall, change refractory material from without full kiln, save cost.
2. optimize rotary structure
In order to prevent step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace ring formation, also its indoor design is optimized: use high-temperature anticorrosion refractory material magnesium aluminate spinel composite brick (main kiln body and secondary kiln body) in kiln to build into backgauge dam by laying bricks or stones, material is extended at kiln residence time, it is evenly distributed, it is heated evenly, it is prevented that due to the caking that inequality of being heated causes.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are in that:
The efficient step that this utility model provides pitches fraction rotary reduction furnace and the method adopting this rotary kiln for directly reducing to produce ferronickel; can pass through change the structure of original rotary kiln and control ring formation condition; rotary kiln is made only to need thorough shutdown in a year once to carry out keeping in repair; rather than two weeks is by one month with regard to shutdown maintenance once as before; achieve the seriality of production; improve ferro-nickel recovery rate, save smelting cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The side view of the step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that Fig. 1 provides for this utility model.
The top view of the step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that Fig. 2 provides for this utility model.
The main kiln body kiln tail end view of the step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that Fig. 3 provides for this utility model.
The main kiln body kiln hood end-view of the step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that Fig. 4 provides for this utility model.
The integrally-built schematic perspective view of the step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that Fig. 5 provides for this utility model.
The profile of the step fork fraction main support of the step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that Fig. 6 provides for this utility model.
Accompanying drawing labelling
1: main kiln body;2: secondary kiln body;3: main kiln body support group;4: secondary kiln body support;5: motor;6: step fork fraction main support;61: output portion;62: support portion;63: discharging opening;64: sealing;7: support roller;8: gear;9: bull gear;11: main kiln body kiln tail;12: main kiln body kiln hood, 13: secondary kiln body kiln tail;14: secondary kiln body kiln hood;15: control valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, this utility model is described further.
Embodiment 1 testing equipment
Main equipment used by this utility model: efficiently step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace: main kiln body ∮ 5m × 60m, wherein dryer section 40m, prereduction section 20m, secondary kiln body ∮ 5m × 20m, melting section 20m;Auxiliary equipment is made up of 250 × 150mm jaw crusher, ∮ 1500mm disk pelletizing machine, flue gas dust collection system, Testo360 type smoke detecting instrument, terminal control system etc..
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, for a kind of efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace of smelting ferronickel from nickel laterite that this utility model provides, including: main kiln body 1, secondary kiln body 2, step fork fraction main support 6;Wherein, this main kiln body 1 is set by the holder of main kiln body support group 3, this main kiln body support group 3 is provided with support roller 7 and is engaged with the bull gear 9 being sheathed on main kiln body 1, thus supporting this main kiln body 1, this main kiln body support group 3 is additionally provided with the driving and actuating device 5 that make this main kiln body 1 rotate on support roller 7, in the present embodiment, this driving device is motor 5, and it connects a reductor, and gives main kiln body 1 by transmission gear 8 transmission;This main inclined placement of kiln body 1, of a relatively high upper end, position is main kiln body kiln tail 11, relatively low lower end, position is main kiln body kiln hood 12, this main kiln body 1 is dryer section near this main kiln body kiln tail 11 end, in the present embodiment, length is 40m, next-door neighbour's dryer section be prereduction section to the part of this main kiln body kiln hood 12 end, in the present embodiment, length is 20m;
These two secondary kiln bodies 2 are respectively arranged on main kiln body 1 both sides, and close to main kiln body kiln hood 12 position;Respectively this pair kiln body 2 is set by secondary kiln body support 4 holder respectively, respectively this pair kiln body support 4 is provided with support roller 7, it is engaged with the bull gear 9 being sheathed on secondary kiln body 2, thus supporting respectively this pair kiln body 2, respectively this pair kiln body support 4 is additionally provided with and makes driving and the actuating device that respectively this pair kiln body 2 rotates on support roller 7, in the present embodiment, this driving device is motor 5, and it connects a reductor, and gives secondary kiln body 2 by transmission gear 8 transmission;Respectively this inclined placement of pair kiln body 2, of a relatively high upper end, position is secondary kiln body kiln tail 13, and relatively low lower end, position be pair kiln body kiln hood 14, and respectively this pair kiln body entirety is set to melting section, and in the present embodiment, length is 20m;
The gradient of this main kiln body 1 and respectively this pair kiln body 2 is 2.5%, and main kiln body kiln hood 12 position is higher than secondary kiln body kiln tail 13;
This step fork fraction main support 6 is in " individual " font, and " people " character segment on its top is output portion 61, and support bottom is support portion 62;This output portion 61 is made up of the pipeline of hollow, " people " word open top, for accepting the lateritic nickel ore prereduction material that main kiln body kiln hood 12 is sent;It is provided with a regulating gate that can swing 15 in open interior, when controlling valve 15 and swinging aside and be overlapped on the open-topped lateral edges of " people " word, lateritic nickel ore prereduction material is transported to offside pair kiln body 2, thus controlling the conveying direction of lateritic nickel ore prereduction material;Bottom " people " word, two ends, left and right are respectively arranged with the discharging opening 63 of a horizontal opening, and respectively this discharging opening 63 is connected by sealing 64 respectively with respectively this pair kiln body kiln tail 13.
Wherein, respectively being built into by laying bricks or stones 4 annular backgauge dam, road (not shown) by magnesium aluminate spinel composite brick on described main kiln body 1 with the described internal kiln wall of secondary kiln body 2, this backgauge height of dam degree is 300mm.
Embodiment 2
Indonesia BAHODOPI mining area corruption lithotype lateritic nickel ore (nickelic), ore deposit is on average containing Ni1.76wt%, Co0.04wt%, Fe18.21wt%, SiO235.18wt%, MgO19.88wt%, water content 35wt%.
Processing step: divided by wet for lateritic nickel ore jig and be crushed to below 80mm, send into drying machine and carry out drying and processing, account for lateritic nickel ore gross weight 18wt% to water content, then sieving approach to lateritic nickel ore granularity accounts for more than 80% less than 3mm;Lateritic nickel ore and solid fuel (anchracite duff), flux (agstone and dolomite dust) are carried out batch mixing in table 1 ratio; disk pelletizing machine pressure is 20mm; send into the efficient step fork main kiln body of fraction rotary reduction furnace; dehydration is carried out in dryer section; temperature is 500 DEG C, and drying time is 70min;Carrying out prereduction subsequently into prereduction section, temperature is 900 DEG C, and pre-reduction time is 120min, forms prereduction material;The pipeline feeding side pair kiln body that prereduction material is discharged through step fork fraction main support from main kiln body kiln hood carries out melting, and smelting temperature is 1350 DEG C, and smelting time is 180min.Sintering deposit after high melt is discharged from secondary kiln body kiln hood, falls into and carries out Water Quenching in dragveyer.By the sintering deposit after shrend through broken, ball milling, cyclone classification, ball milling again, after Magnet device dry separation goes out part of nickel iron powder, continue that sintering deposit is sent into ball mill carry out ore grinding, making granularity is that-200 purposes reach more than 80%, selecting ferronickel fine powder through magnetic separator and carry out processed, isolated mine tailings use pressure filter to carry out dehydration pressure filtration and dry heaping.Kiln tail high-temp waste gas introduces dehydrator by pipeline and carries out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, dry at drying machine, the flue dust produced in the fork fraction rotary reduction furnace prereduction of efficient step and roasting process uses electric dust-removing equipment to carry out dedusting, flue gas introduces desulfurizing tower and carries out desulfurizing and purifying, finally entering air, electro-precipitating dust returns raw ore dispensing after granulating.
Wherein the chemical composition of solid fuel and solvent is respectively in shown in Table 2 and table 3, and in production, the condition for improving control ring formation is shown in Table 4.Bituminous coal is by coal powder injection equipment ejection combustion heating, it is provided that the heat energy of direct-reduction.
Table 1 lateritic nickel ore proportioning raw materials table (wt%)
Project Lateritic nickel ore Anchracite duff Agstone Dolomite dust
Proportioning 80 15 2 3
Table 2 chemistry of fuel composition (wt%)
Table 3 flux chemical composition (%)
Project SiO2 MgO CaO AL2O3 Granularity requirements
Limestone 2.0 1.0 50 0.2 ≤ 3mm, >=80%
Dolomite 2.3 20 39 0.18 ≤ 3mm, >=80%
Table 4 technological production norm control indexes table
Under these process conditions, nickel grade reaches 10%, nickel recovery 92%;Iron grade reaches 67%, iron recovery 75%, and single secondary kiln body ring formation time lengthening was to more than 4 months, after secondary kiln body ring formation, by control valve, prereduction material is passed into another secondary kiln body and carries out continuing to produce, and ring formation pair kiln body is shut down and removed circle.The continuous production time reaches 1 year, and ring formation pair kiln body, without stop production to overhaul, only need to individually be carried out removing circle operation by middle full production line.
Embodiment 3
Indonesia BAHODOPI mining area corruption lithotype lateritic nickel ore (high ferro), ore deposit is on average containing Ni0.9wt%, Co0.1wt%, Fe48.19wt%, SiO24.87wt%, MgO1.16wt%, water content 34.8%.
Processing step: divided by wet for lateritic nickel ore jig and be crushed to below 80mm, send into drying machine and carry out drying and processing, account for lateritic nickel ore gross weight 17.8wt% to water content, then sieving approach to lateritic nickel ore granularity accounts for more than 80% less than 3mm;Lateritic nickel ore and solid fuel (anchracite duff), flux (agstone and dolomite dust) are carried out batch mixing in table 5 ratio; disk pelletizing machine pressure is 20mm; send into the efficient step fork main kiln body of fraction rotary reduction furnace; dehydration is carried out in dryer section; temperature is 600 DEG C, and drying time is 50min;Carrying out prereduction subsequently into prereduction section, temperature is 1000 DEG C, and pre-reduction time is 90min, forms prereduction material;The pipeline feeding side pair kiln body that prereduction material is discharged through step fork fraction main support from main kiln body kiln hood carries out melting, and smelting temperature is 1300 DEG C, and smelting time is 180min.Sintering deposit after high melt is discharged from secondary kiln body kiln hood, falls into and carries out Water Quenching in dragveyer.By the sintering deposit after shrend through broken, ball milling, cyclone classification, ball milling again, after Magnet device dry separation goes out part of nickel iron powder, continue that sintering deposit is sent into ball mill carry out ore grinding, making granularity is that-200 purposes reach more than 80%, selecting ferronickel fine powder through magnetic separator and carry out processed, isolated mine tailings use pressure filter to carry out dehydration pressure filtration and dry heaping.Kiln tail high-temp waste gas introduces dehydrator by pipeline and carries out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, dry at drying machine, the flue dust produced in the fork fraction rotary reduction furnace prereduction of efficient step and roasting process uses electric dust-removing equipment to carry out dedusting, flue gas introduces desulfurizing tower and carries out desulfurizing and purifying, finally entering air, electro-precipitating dust returns raw ore dispensing after granulating.
Wherein the chemical composition of solid fuel and solvent is respectively in shown in Table 6 and table 7, and in production, the condition for improving control ring formation is shown in Table 8.Bituminous coal is by coal powder injection equipment ejection combustion heating, it is provided that the heat energy of direct-reduction.
Table 5 lateritic nickel ore proportioning raw materials table (wt%)
Project Lateritic nickel ore Coke powder Agstone Dolomite dust
Proportioning 85 12.5 1 1.5
Table 6 chemistry of fuel composition (wt%)
Table 7 flux chemical composition (%)
Project SiO2 MgO CaO AL2O3 Granularity requirements
Limestone 1.8 1.0 53 0.18 ≤ 3mm, >=80%
Dolomite 2.5 25 40 0.2 ≤ 3mm, >=80%
Table 8 technological production norm control indexes table
Under these process conditions, nickel grade reaches 5%, nickel recovery 75%;Iron grade reaches 65%, iron recovery 85%, and single secondary kiln body ring formation time lengthening was to more than 4 months, after secondary kiln body ring formation, by control valve, prereduction material is passed into another secondary kiln body and carries out continuing to produce, and ring formation pair kiln body is shut down and removed circle.The continuous production time, ring formation pair kiln body, without stop production to overhaul, only need to individually be carried out removing circle operation by middle full production line more than 1 year.
Can be seen that from the above; the efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace that this utility model provides, by using efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace can realize the seriality produced, it is not necessary to carry out shutting down except circle; do not result in the interruption of production, it is achieved that the sustainability of production.Meanwhile, the grade of lateritic nickel ore not being had too high requirement, the nickelic laterite of the low nickel of low ferrum, low ferrum all can produce the nickel fine powder of nickel content 5%-25%.Than other pyrogenic process nickel-iron smelting energy-saving production technology more than 40%.Consider energy-saving and emission-reduction, the reducing agent that this method lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction uses, be mainly coal dust and a small amount of flux;Heat energy needed for direct-reduction, from the combustion heating of coal injection.The waste gas of the heat produced in production process, enters back into preheating section, raw material is preheated, be fully achieved recycling of waste gas.

Claims (2)

1. an efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace, it is characterised in that including: a main kiln body, two secondary kiln bodies, a step fork fraction main support;
Wherein, this main kiln body is set by main kiln body support group holder, this main kiln body support group is provided with support roller, it is engaged with the bull gear being sheathed on main kiln, thus supporting this main kiln body, this main kiln body support group is additionally provided with the driving and actuating device that make this main kiln rotate on support roller, this main inclined placement of kiln body, of a relatively high upper end, position is main kiln body kiln tail, relatively low lower end, position is main kiln body kiln hood, this main kiln body is dryer section near this main kiln body kiln tail end, and next-door neighbour's dryer section the part to this main kiln body kiln hood end are prereduction section;
These two secondary kiln bodies, are respectively arranged on main kiln body both sides, and close to main kiln body kiln hood position;Respectively this pair kiln status is not set by a secondary kiln body support base, respectively this pair kiln body support is provided with support roller, it is engaged with the bull gear being sheathed on each this pair kiln, thus supporting respectively this pair kiln body, respectively this pair kiln body support is additionally provided with and makes driving and the actuating device that respectively this pair kiln rotates on support roller, respectively this pair inclined placement of kiln body, of a relatively high upper end, position is secondary kiln body kiln tail, relatively low lower end, position is secondary kiln body kiln hood, and respectively this pair kiln body entirety is set to melting section;
The gradient of this main kiln body and respectively this pair kiln body is 2.5%, and main kiln body kiln hood position is higher than secondary kiln body kiln tail;
This step fork fraction main support is in " individual " font, and " people " character segment on the top of this step fork fraction main support is output portion, and support bottom is support portion;This output portion is made up of the pipeline of hollow, " people " word open top, for accepting the lateritic nickel ore that main kiln body kiln hood is sent, is provided with a regulating gate that can swing in open interior, for controlling the conveying direction of prereduction material;Bottom " people " word, two ends, left and right are respectively arranged with the discharging opening of a horizontal opening, respectively this discharging opening, are connected respectively by sealing with respectively this pair kiln body kiln tail.
2. efficiently step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described main kiln body is built into by laying bricks or stones annular backgauge dam, 3-5 road with on the described internal kiln wall of secondary kiln body by magnesium aluminate spinel composite brick, this backgauge dam is vertical with secondary kiln body, is highly 1st/10th to ten/8th of corresponding kiln body diameter.
CN201620194340.7U 2016-03-14 2016-03-14 High -efficient step fork fraction gyration reducing furnace Withdrawn - After Issue CN205368469U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105586498A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-05-18 李宾 Method for producing ferronickel through efficient step forking type rotary reduction furnace in direct reduction manner

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105586498A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-05-18 李宾 Method for producing ferronickel through efficient step forking type rotary reduction furnace in direct reduction manner
WO2017157092A1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-21 李宾 Method for producing ferronickel by means of high efficiency step forking type rotary reduction furnace in direct reduction manner
CN105586498B (en) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-26 李宾 The method of efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace direct-reduction production ferronickel

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