CN205002811U - Flow sensor - Google Patents
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- CN205002811U CN205002811U CN201520330090.0U CN201520330090U CN205002811U CN 205002811 U CN205002811 U CN 205002811U CN 201520330090 U CN201520330090 U CN 201520330090U CN 205002811 U CN205002811 U CN 205002811U
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- sensing element
- flexible carrier
- flow sensor
- graphene sensing
- graphene
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- -1 graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000089409 Erythrina poeppigiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009776 Rathbunia alamosensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a flow sensor, including: graphite alkene sensing element (1), two wire (3) and flexible carrier (2). Flexible carrier (2) cladding is in on the graphite alkene sensing element (1), two wire (3) respectively with graphite alkene sensing element (1) electricity is connected, just the wire to draw forth outside the flexible carrier. Graphite alkene sensing element (1) seals in flexible carrier (2). The utility model provides a flow sensor structure is succinct, convenient to use, and sensing element not with fluid direct contact, can prevent the harm to sensing element of the flow stopping body.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to sensor technical field, is specifically related to a kind of flow sensor for directly measuring fluid flow.
Background technology
In liquid flow sensor, modal is turbine sensor.Its principle is that the liquid of flowing produces the rotation of impulsive force drive turbine to turbine, utilizes the magnet that rotarily drives of turbine to rotate.And then by electromagnetic induction generation current, measure the size of electric current to obtain the numerical value of discharge.
There are problems in actual use in traditional turbine sensor.Because turbine sensor obtains the flow information of liquid, so the performance of mechanical hook-up becomes affects the whether accurate key factor of traffic monitoring by the mode that machinery rotates.But the aging of plant equipment is inevitable, the problem such as aging, wearing and tearing of such as bearing.On the other hand, because turbine directly contacts with water, the chemical composition in water and dirt can bring destruction to turbine, the problem such as cause that burn into gets rusty, and change the moment of inertia of turbine, the accuracy of sensor is declined to a great extent.
So, in order to solve the defect that traditional flow sensors exists, be necessary to provide a kind of new liquid flow sensor, succinct mode is utilized to obtain the information of fluid flow, without the need to adopting the plant equipment such as turbine, electromagnetic induction device, avoid because the aging of physical construction and the damaged measurement accuracy caused reduce.
Utility model content
An object of the present utility model is to provide a kind of structure flow sensor simple, easy to use.
According to first aspect of the present utility model, provide a kind of flow sensor, comprising:
Graphene sensing element;
Two open traverses;
Flexible carrier;
Described flexible carrier is coated on described Graphene sensing element, and two described wires are electrically connected with described Graphene sensing element respectively, and draws outside the described flexible carrier of described wire item.
Especially, described Graphene sensing element can be sealed in described flexible carrier, and described Graphene sensing element can be filamentary structure.
Preferably, described flexible carrier can be cylindrical structural, and described Graphene sensing element can be positioned at the cylinder axis position of described flexible carrier.Described flexible carrier can also be Rectangular Plate Structure.
When described Graphene sensing element is filamentary structure, described wire can be connected to the two ends of described Graphene sensing element.
Preferably, the material of described flexible carrier can be flexible insulation hydrophobic material, and especially, the material of described flexible carrier can be dimethyl silicone polymer.
On the other hand, the utility model provides a kind of manufacture method of flow sensor, comprising:
Steps A, prepare Graphene sensing element;
Step B, on described Graphene sensing element, connect two open traverses;
Step C, around described Graphene sensing element, form flexible carrier, described Graphene sensing element seals by described flexible carrier completely;
Described flexible carrier closely engages with described Graphene sensing element, with when described flexible carrier produces deformation, makes described Graphene sensing element with the together deformation of described flexible carrier.
The utility model additionally provides the manufacture method of another kind of flow sensor, comprising:
Steps A, prepare Graphene sensing element;
Step B, around described Graphene sensing element, form flexible carrier, described Graphene sensing element exposes from described flexible carrier;
Step C, on described Graphene sensing element, connect two open traverses;
Described flexible carrier closely engages with described Graphene sensing element, with when described flexible carrier produces deformation, makes described Graphene sensing element with the together deformation of described flexible carrier.
Preferably, the preparing Graphene sensing element and can also comprise of described steps A:
Steps A 1, provide graphene oxide solution and coagulating bath;
Steps A 2, described graphene oxide solution is instilled described coagulating bath, towing track during described graphene oxide solution instillation be linear, the Graphene sensing element of generation filamentary structure;
Steps A 3, the Graphene sensing element of generation to be taken out from described coagulating bath.
In addition, the concentration of described graphene oxide solution can be 10mg/mL, and described coagulating bath can comprise solvent and solute.Water and the alcohol solvent of described solvent to be volume ratio be 3:1, described solute to be massfraction be 5% NaOH.
In the flow sensor that the utility model provides; Graphene sensing element is not directly and water stream contacts; the stabilized seal environment that flexible carrier provides can protect Graphene sensing element, and flexible carrier self is as force-summing element simultaneously, can to sensing element transmitting forces.In addition, due to the hydrophobicity of flexible carrier, it can avoid fluid to the pollution of device.And its deformation quantity of the electrical resistance of Graphene sensing element exponentially changes, high stability and sensitivity can be obtained.
By referring to the detailed description of accompanying drawing to exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, further feature of the present utility model and advantage thereof will become clear.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In the description combined and the accompanying drawing forming a part for instructions shows embodiment of the present utility model, and illustrate that one is used from and explains principle of the present utility model together with it.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the flow sensor provided in the utility model specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the schematic bottom view of the flow sensor provided in the utility model specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the flow sensor that provides in the utility model specific embodiment structural representation in using state.
Embodiment
Various exemplary embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail now with reference to accompanying drawing.It should be noted that: unless specifically stated otherwise, otherwise positioned opposite, the numerical expression of the parts of setting forth in these embodiments and step and numerical value do not limit scope of the present utility model.
Illustrative to the description only actually of at least one exemplary embodiment below, never as any restriction to the utility model and application or use.
May not discuss in detail for the known technology of person of ordinary skill in the relevant, method and apparatus, but in the appropriate case, described technology, method and apparatus should be regarded as a part for instructions.
In all examples with discussing shown here, any occurrence should be construed as merely exemplary, instead of as restriction.Therefore, other example of exemplary embodiment can have different values.
It should be noted that: represent similar terms in similar label and letter accompanying drawing below, therefore, once be defined in an a certain Xiang Yi accompanying drawing, then do not need to be further discussed it in accompanying drawing subsequently.
The utility model provides a kind of flow sensor, comprising Graphene sensing element, two open traverses and flexible carrier.Described Graphene sensing element is made up of grapheme material, described flexible carrier is formed in around described Graphene sensing element, to be coated on described Graphene sensing element and closely to engage with it, two open traverses are electrically connected with described Graphene sensing element respectively, wire is drawn outside described flexible carrier, is communicated with by Graphene sensing element with external unit.Described flexible carrier has good elasticity, and can produce the distortion such as bending, stretching under external force, described Graphene sensing element has electric conductivity and elasticity, and its resistivity changes with the deformation degree of self.Flow sensor principle of work described in the utility model is as follows, described flow sensor is placed in the liquid of flowing, described flexible carrier bends and stretcher strain under the acting force of liquid flow, because described flexible carrier closely engages with described Graphene sensing element, described Graphene sensing element together produces bending and stretcher strain with flexible carrier.External unit continues conveying electric current or signal by wire in described Graphene sensing element, when the resistivity of described Graphene sensing element changes due to deformation, external unit can detect that the electric current that flows through Graphene sensing element and signal change, thus calculate the deformation quantity of described Graphene sensing element, and then obtain the flow of fluid residing for flow sensor.
In a particular embodiment, due to Graphene sensing element in working order time need energising, so preferably, described Graphene sensing element can seal by described flexible carrier completely, and Graphene sensing element is not directly contacted with the external world.Described wire is connected with the inside of Graphene sensing element at described flexible carrier, and the current-carrying part in described flow sensor can not contact with working fluid.But, the utility model does not limit described flexible carrier and described Graphene sensing element must be sealed completely, under different actual service conditions, described flow sensor may only some be placed in fluid, so, described Graphene sensing element can stretch out from described flexible carrier, and described wire and described Graphene sensing element are at the external electrical connections of described flexible carrier.
As shown in Figure 1, described Graphene sensing element 1 is preferably filamentary structure, and described fiber graphite alkene sensing element is the graphene-structured of elongated flexible, is formed by lamellar anatomical connectivity tiny in a large number.Described fibrous Graphene sensing element 1 can all have larger degree of crook in all directions, and has larger range of stretch in one direction.The space that fiber graphite alkene sensing element 1 takies is relatively little, and can deform to all directions with flexible carrier 2 during work.In a preferred embodiment, fiber graphite alkene sensor can be used, but the utility model does not limit the structure of described Graphene sensing element 1, those skilled in the art can according to actual service condition, adopt rectangle, square Graphene sensing element 1, strengthen sensor susceptibility in particular directions.
Further, for the ease of the use of described flow sensor, the profile pattern of described flexible carrier 2 can be cylindrical structural.When described flexible carrier 2 is cylindrical, the cylindrical face of cylinder is preferably as the stress surface perpendicular to liquid flow direction, user is without the need to limiting the flow direction of certain specific direction towards liquid of flexible carrier 2, only the two ends of flexible carrier 2 need be fixed, make the face of cylinder perpendicular to liquid flow direction.The stress surface size of described flexible carrier 2 is the longitudinal section of cylinder.In a state of use, the two ends of described flexible carrier can be fixed, ensure that the original state of described Graphene sensing element 1 does not produce deformation, by the flow direction of the face of cylinder of described flexible carrier 2 towards liquid.The utility model does not limit described flexible carrier 2 layman pattern, and described flexible carrier 2 according to actual service condition, can be designed to other forms by those skilled in the art.Such as, in order to accept thrust that more liquid flows produce thus obtain larger deformation, described flexible carrier 2 can be designed to Rectangular Plate Structure, during use, flexible carrier 2 can be had a face stationary plane that maximized surface the amasss flow direction to liquid.This structure can make Graphene sensing element 1 produce more large deformation, thus makes change in resistance more obvious.But the shortcoming of this structure is, need, by the flow direction of flexible carrier 2 fixed-direction in the face of liquid, when often changing when liquid flow direction, to be then not suitable for using this structure.The practicality of cylindrical pliable carrier 2 is stronger, installs and uses easier.
When described flexible carrier 2 is cylindrical structural, Graphene sensing element 1 is preferably filamentary structure.Fiber graphite alkene sensing element 1 can be evenly distributed in described flexible carrier 2 along the length direction of described flexible carrier 2, as shown in Figure 1.This structure can make described Graphene sensing element 1 have higher fitness with described flexible carrier 2.More excellent, as shown in Figure 2, fiber graphite alkene sensing element 1 can just in time be positioned on the cylinder axis of flexible carrier 2, when described flexible carrier 2 produce bending, stretch time, it is identical bending and stretch that described Graphene sensing element 1 also can produce degree.The utility model does not limit shape and the structure of described flexible carrier 2, and described flexible carrier 2 can be designed to Rectangular Plate Structure or cylindroid structure etc. according to actual service condition by those skilled in the art.Such as, when described flexible carrier 2 is Rectangular Plate Structure, described Graphene sensing element 1 can be made up of many fiber graphite alkene of the longest edge being parallel to flexible carrier 2.
In flow sensor described in the utility model, described wire 3 need be electrically connected in described Graphene sensing element 1, makes monitoring current flow through described Graphene sensing element 1.Especially, when described Graphene sensing element 1 is filamentary structure, as shown in Figure 1, described wire 3 can be connected to the two ends of described Graphene sensing element 1.The resistance variations that this connected mode can make sensing element deformation produce is reflected in monitoring current completely, promotes the degree of accuracy of flow sensor.When the mechanism of described Graphene sensing element 1 be rectangle or other shapes time, those skilled in the art can select the position of connection wire 3 on sensing element according to bending, the direction that is that stretch of presetting.
Especially, in order to strengthen the susceptibility of described flow sensor fluid flow increase and decrease, the material of described flexible carrier 2 can adopt hydrophobic material.Preferably, the material of described flexible carrier 2 can be poly dimethyl oxygen alkane or other macromolecular material.Poly dimethyl oxygen alkane is insulating material, has hydrophobicity simultaneously, and it can be completely isolated with outside fluid by Graphene sensing element 1, and sensor can be prevented to be subject to the problem of fluid contamination.
For the embodiment that flexible carrier 2 is column type, fiber graphite alkene sensing element 1 is positioned at cylinder shaft core position, wire 3 is connected to the two ends of Graphene sensing element 1, as shown in Figure 3, in Fig. 3, N represents fluid flow direction, described flow sensor in use two ends is fixed, and its body normal is in the flow direction of fluid.Because two ends are fixed, flexible carrier 2 stretches under action of a fluid, bending, and graphene sensor element 1 together produces stretch bending deformation with flexible carrier 2.The resistance producing the graphene sensor element 1 of deformation changes rapidly, this response is spread out of by the wire 3 being connected to sensing element two ends, the change that external unit monitoring stream produces through the electric current of sensing element, thus obtain the deformation quantity of graphene sensor element 1, water flow numerical value of deriving to obtain.
The flow rate calculation principle of flow sensor described in the utility model is as follows:
The original length of Graphene sensing element is L;
Length after the deformation of Graphene sensing element is L ';
Angle of circumference after the deformation of Graphene sensing element is A (radian);
L ' can be calculated by angle of circumference A and original length L:
L′＝A×L/sinA
And then calculate dependent variable:
ε＝(L′–L)/L＝A/sinA-1
The pass of angle of circumference A and flow velocity V is:
(12EπR
4)A/(L
3ρ)＝V
2
Fluid flow Q can be obtained:
Q＝V*S
Wherein, E is the elastic modulus of flexible carrier 2, and I is inertia distance, and R is the section radius of flexible carrier 2, and ρ is fluid density, and S treats that fluid measured flows through the cross-sectional area in space.
On the other hand, the utility model additionally provides the method that two kinds make flow sensor described in the utility model.
Method one
The manufacture method of a kind of flow sensor that the utility model provides comprises:
Steps A, prepare Graphene sensing element;
Step B, on described Graphene sensing element, connect two open traverses;
Step C, around described Graphene sensing element, form flexible carrier, described Graphene sensing element seals by described flexible carrier completely.Described flexible carrier closely engages with described Graphene sensing element, and when described flexible carrier produces structure change, described Graphene sensing element together changes with described flexible carrier.
In method one, first wire is connected to described Graphene sensing element, then formation flexible carrier around described Graphene sensing element again.Described Graphene sensing element can seal by described flexible carrier completely, and is also sealed in flexible carrier the position that sensing element is connected with described wire.The current-carrying part of the flow sensor that method one is made is isolated from the outside completely, entirety can be placed in fluid during work.
Method two
The manufacture method of the another kind of flow sensor that the utility model provides comprises:
Steps A, prepare Graphene sensing element;
Step B, around described Graphene sensing element, form flexible carrier, described Graphene sensing element exposes from described flexible carrier;
Step C, on described Graphene sensing element, connect two open traverses.Described flexible carrier closely engages with described Graphene sensing element, and when described flexible carrier produces structure change, described Graphene sensing element together changes with described flexible carrier.
Method two is from the different of method one, first around Graphene sensing element, form flexible carrier, by the encapsulating of the main part of described Graphene sensing element therein, described Graphene sensing element has small part to be exposed at outside flexible carrier to described flexible carrier, for being connected with wire.For fiber graphite alkene sensing element, the two ends of described sensing element can be exposed from described flexible carrier.Because the coupling part of sensing element and wire is positioned at outside flexible carrier, can contacting with fluid, so two flow sensors formed are not suitable for the use-pattern that entirety is placed in fluid in method.Those skilled in the art also can again to being exposed to outer Graphene sensing element and wire seals after method two.
Especially, described Graphene sensing element is filamentary structure, and the steps A of method one and method two can also comprise:
Steps A 1, provide graphene oxide solution and coagulating bath;
Steps A 2, described graphene oxide solution is instilled described coagulating bath, towing track during described graphene oxide solution instillation is linear;
Steps A 3, the Graphene sensing element of generation to be taken out from described Graphene solidification liquid.
Can there is reduction reaction in described graphene oxide solution, graphene oxide is reduced in coagulating bath, assembles forming graphene-structured in coagulating bath.By described graphene oxide solution with in the form of linear towing instillation coagulating bath, the linear growth of the graphene-structured that reduction can be made to be formed, forms filamentary structure.Finally, the graphene-structured of generation is taken out from coagulating bath.
Preferably, described flexible carrier adopts dimethyl silicone polymer to make.Concrete, in the step C of method one or the step B of method two, by stretching for the two ends of described Graphene sensing element, can be fixed in casting mold, in casting mold, pour into a mould dimethyl silicone polymer.Described dimethyl silicone polymer solidifies rear formation flexible carrier in a mold, is encapsulated in around described Graphene sensing element, combines closely with it.
Especially, the concentration of described graphene oxide solution can be 10mg/mL, and described coagulating bath comprises solvent and solute, and water and the alcohol mixed solvent of described solvent can be volume ratio be 3:1, described solute can be the NaOH of 5% for massfraction.The Graphene of described coagulating bath for reducing, assembling in described graphene oxide solution.
The change of the flow sensor that the utility model provides to fluid flow has sensitive reaction mechanism, and the resistance variations of described Graphene sensing element exponentially changes with deformation quantity, can make response to the minor alteration of flow.On the other hand, flow sensor arrangement of the present utility model is simple, easy to use, does not wherein have complicated physical construction, avoids the aging accuracy caused of structure and declines.
Although be described in detail specific embodiments more of the present utility model by example, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, above example is only to be described, instead of in order to limit scope of the present utility model.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, when not departing from scope and spirit of the present utility model, above embodiment can be modified.Scope of the present utility model is limited by claims.
Claims (9)
1. a flow sensor, is characterized in that, comprising:
Graphene sensing element (1);
Two open traverses (3);
Flexible carrier (2);
Described flexible carrier (2) is coated on described Graphene sensing element (1), and two described wires (3) are electrically connected with described Graphene sensing element (1) respectively.
2. flow sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Graphene sensing element (1) is sealed in described flexible carrier (2).
3. flow sensor according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described Graphene sensing element (1) is filamentary structure.
4. flow sensor according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described flexible carrier (2) is cylindrical structural.
5. flow sensor according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described Graphene sensing element (1) is positioned at the cylinder axis position of described flexible carrier (2).
6. flow sensor according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described flexible carrier is Rectangular Plate Structure.
7. flow sensor according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described wire (3) is connected to the two ends of described Graphene sensing element (1).
8. flow sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described flexible carrier (2) is flexible insulation hydrophobic material.
9. flow sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described flexible carrier (2) is dimethyl silicone polymer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520330090.0U CN205002811U (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Flow sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520330090.0U CN205002811U (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Flow sensor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205002811U true CN205002811U (en) | 2016-01-27 |
Family
ID=55159695
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520330090.0U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205002811U (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Flow sensor |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN205002811U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105043469A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-11-11 | 清华大学 | Flow sensor and manufacture method thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-05-20 CN CN201520330090.0U patent/CN205002811U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105043469A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-11-11 | 清华大学 | Flow sensor and manufacture method thereof |
| CN105043469B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2019-09-27 | 清华大学 | A kind of flow sensor and its manufacturing method |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20160127 Effective date of abandoning: 20190927 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |