CN110988387B - Magnetic force wind speed and direction sensor - Google Patents
Magnetic force wind speed and direction sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110988387B CN110988387B CN201911347979.9A CN201911347979A CN110988387B CN 110988387 B CN110988387 B CN 110988387B CN 201911347979 A CN201911347979 A CN 201911347979A CN 110988387 B CN110988387 B CN 110988387B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
Abstract
The application relates to a magnetic force wind speed and direction sensor, which comprises a diamagnetic shell and a bottom fixing piece, wherein a plurality of constant strength cantilever beams are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the diamagnetic shell, the constant strength cantilever beams are horizontally arranged on the inner side wall of the diamagnetic shell, the tail ends of the constant strength cantilever beams are provided with magnetic ligands, the surface of the fiber grating is adhered with the fiber grating, the middle of the bottom fixing piece is provided with a universal ball, the middle of the universal ball is provided with a channel for the rigid wire to pass through, the lower end of the rigid wire is connected with a magnetic ball, the side wall of the diamagnetic shell is provided with a plurality of long shafts, the tail ends of the long shafts are respectively connected with pulleys to form pulley blocks around which rigid wires can pass, the rigid wires sequentially pass through the magnetic balls, the universal balls and the pulleys and are finally connected to the lever, the tail end of the lever is also provided with a magnetic ligand, and the magnetic ligand at the tail end of the lever is opposite to the magnetic ligand at the tail end of the equal-strength cantilever beam horizontally arranged on the side wall in the diamagnetic shell. The magnetic force wind speed and direction sensor is high in precision, high in sensitivity, small in damage, long in service life and simple and convenient to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a magnetic force wind speed and direction sensor which is applicable to the technical field of wind direction detection.
Background
The engineering structure is constantly influenced by factors such as wind impact, rain and snow scouring and the like in the long-term use process, so that the phenomena of dynamic softening of the foundation of the engineering structure and erosion and aging of materials occur, the structural members and the integral resistance of the engineering structure are attenuated, and the safety and the durability of the structure are influenced. Therefore, the wind load condition of the structure is monitored for a long time, the performance evolution of the engineering structure is mastered, the working state of the structure is evaluated, reasonable maintenance is carried out in a targeted manner, various safety accidents are avoided, the safety of the structure is ensured, the service life is prolonged, the wind speed and the wind direction are one of main factors influencing the safety of the engineering structure, and the monitoring of the wind speed and the wind direction provides safety guarantee for the normal use of the structure. The traditional flow velocity and flow direction measuring instrument has the defects of easy signal interference, large measuring error, complex circuit, high failure rate and short service life.
The fiber grating sensor is one of the most widely used fiber sensors at present, and can measure parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, displacement, flow, liquid level and the like. The sensing principle is generally based on the change of a measured parameter to cause the change of the grating period and the effective refractive index, thereby causing the change of the characteristic wavelength of the grating, and the parameter is measured by measuring the movement amount of the characteristic wavelength. By consulting domestic and foreign data, researches on fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensors are not perfect so far, and strain is generally measured by colliding a cantilever beam where the fiber bragg grating is located and measuring changes of fiber reflection wavelength caused by expansion. And the collision can cause the cantilever beam to generate great friction force, thereby being easy to damage and having low precision. The existing fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor is difficult to be applied to safety monitoring of engineering structures due to the defects of low precision and sensitivity, short service life, large size and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a magnetic wind speed and direction sensor which is high in precision, high in sensitivity, small in damage, long in service life, simple and convenient to operate.
The magnetic wind speed and direction sensor comprises a diamagnetic shell and a bottom fixing piece, wherein a plurality of constant-strength cantilever beams are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the diamagnetic shell, the constant-strength cantilever beams are horizontally arranged on the inner side wall of the diamagnetic shell, the tail ends of the constant-strength cantilever beams are provided with magnetic ligands, the surface of the bottom fixing piece is adhered with the fiber bragg grating, the middle of the bottom fixing piece is provided with a universal ball, the middle of the universal ball is provided with a channel for a rigid wire to pass through, the lower end of the rigid wire is connected with a magnetic ball, the side wall of the diamagnetic shell is provided with a plurality of long shafts, the tail ends of the long shafts are respectively connected with pulleys to form pulley blocks for rigid wires to pass around, the rigid wire sequentially passes through the magnetic ball, the universal ball and the pulleys and is finally connected to the lever, the tail end of the lever is also provided with a magnetic ligand, and the magnetic ligand at the tail end of the lever is opposite to the magnetic ligand at the tail end of the equal-strength cantilever beam horizontally arranged on the side wall inside the diamagnetic shell.
Preferably, the universal ball is embedded in the mounting groove on the bottom consolidation piece; a thin-walled tube is nested on the rigid wire positioned outside the diamagnetic shell at the lower end of the bottom consolidation piece; the inner wall of the diamagnetic shell is provided with a groove, a rolling bearing is arranged in the groove, and the long shaft is connected with the diamagnetic shell through the rolling bearing; the pulley is matched with the long shaft through a rolling bearing and is positioned at the free end part of the long shaft; the magnetic ligand at the periphery of the diamagnetic shell is lower than the bottom surface of the bottom fastener, and the ratio of the height of the magnetic ligand at the periphery of the diamagnetic shell, which is lower than the bottom surface of the bottom fastener, to the length of the thin-walled tube is 0.1-0.5; four groups of constant-strength cantilever beams are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the diamagnetic shell, and one group of constant-strength cantilever beams is horizontally arranged on the inner side wall of the diamagnetic shell; the thin walled tube has diamagnetism.
Preferably, the pulley block amplifies the tensile force borne by the rigid wire at the end of the magnetic ball by 4 times, and the force arms at the two ends of the lever are 1: 2; the relation between the wind speed v measured by the magnetic wind speed and direction sensor and the reflection wavelength variation quantity Delta lambda detected by the horizontally arranged fiber bragg grating is as follows:
wherein S isεIs the strain sensitivity of the grating, λBThe reflection center wavelength of the fiber grating is represented by l, the length of the cantilever beam with equal strength, B, the width of the cantilever beam with equal strength, h, the thickness of the beam with equal strength, E, the Young modulus of the material of the beam with equal strength, G, the gravity of the magnetic ball, rho, the air density and s, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the magnetic ball.
The wind speed and direction measuring method based on the fiber bragg grating sensing technology effectively reduces deviation caused by mechanical friction or impact by using non-contact magnetic repulsion, can greatly improve the sensitivity of the sensor, can effectively make up for the defects of the existing wind speed and direction measuring method, and solves the challenges in optimizing and upgrading the wind speed and direction measuring aspect. The important part of the invention is that the magnetic ball is used as an induction element of wind speed and wind direction, compared with the traditional induction element, the wind resistance is greatly reduced, and the sensitivity is enhanced. And the universal ball is used as a transition connection device of the rigid wire, so that the mechanical friction of the rigid wire is reduced. The wind power is amplified step by adopting two amplifying mechanisms of a pulley block and a lever, and the sensor can accurately measure the wind speed and the wind direction even if breeze occurs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external schematic view of the magnetic anemometry sensor of the present application.
FIG. 2 is an internal view of the magnetic anemometry sensor of the present application.
FIG. 3 is another angled interior view of the magnetic anemometry sensor of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1-3, there is shown a magnetic anemometer according to the present application comprising a diamagnetic housing 1 and a bottom fixture 9. Preferably, the diamagnetic housing 1 and the bottom fixture 9 can be welded together to form a package. The diamagnetic body is used for isolating the external magnetic field from the internal magnetic field through diamagnetism, the influence of the external magnetic field on a measurement result is reduced to the maximum extent, and a tail gate port is arranged on the diamagnetic body shell and used for connecting the fiber bragg grating for measuring the internal wind speed with an external system.
Four constant-strength cantilever beams 2 are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the diamagnetic housing 1, and one constant-strength cantilever beam 2 is horizontally arranged on the inner side wall of the diamagnetic housing 1. The tail end of the equal-strength cantilever beam 2 is provided with a magnetic ligand 3, and the surface of the equal-strength cantilever beam is stuck with a fiber grating 4. The cantilever beam with the same strength can be made of materials with different Young moduli according to the actual wind speed measurement range, and meanwhile, the designed cantilever beam is also detachably arranged on the shell, so that the corresponding cantilever beam can be conveniently replaced according to the specific measurement requirement. The equal-strength cantilever beam, the magnetic ligand and the fiber bragg grating form a sensing assembly device, five groups of the devices are shared in the sensor, one group is used for measuring the wind speed in the sensor, and the other four groups are uniformly distributed on the outer side for measuring the wind direction. Preferably, the magnetic ligand may be a permanent magnet. The fiber bragg grating is adhered on the elastic beam, so that deformation can be transmitted, the deformation degree of the elastic beam can be reflected through the wavelength change of the fiber bragg grating in real time, the stress is determined, the force is finally obtained, and the wind direction and the wind speed are calculated. More preferably, the fiber gratings can be symmetrically arranged on two sides of the constant-strength cantilever beam respectively to form a double-fiber grating, so that not only can measurement errors caused by temperature be eliminated, but also the strain can be increased to 2 times of the original strain, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
The middle of the bottom fastener 9 is provided with a universal ball 10, and the universal ball 10 can be embedded in the mounting groove on the bottom fastener 9. The middle of the universal ball 10 is provided with a channel for the rigid wire 8 to pass through, and the lower end of the rigid wire 8 is connected with the magnetic ball 11. Preferably, the thin-walled tube 12 is nested on the rigid wire outside the lower end, so that the rigid wire and the magnetic ball can swing smoothly without errors of folding and wobbling of the rigid wire when wind pressure exists, and the rigid wire can be protected. The combination of the bottom fastener and the ball and the passing of the rigid wire through the ball serve to reduce the mechanical friction between the rigid wire and the bottom fastener, enhancing the life of the rigid wire and the sensitivity of the device. The rigid wire 8 has diamagnetism, so that the rigid wire and a magnetic ligand at the free end of the outer cantilever beam are prevented from generating repulsion, the stress of the magnetic ball is influenced, and the wind direction measurement accuracy is further influenced. Similarly, the thin-walled tube also has diamagnetism, and prevents magnetic interference generated when the magnetic ligand fixed on the equal-strength cantilever beam interacts with the magnetic ball. All magnetic ligands in this application are of the same polarity and are of the same polarity as the magnetic spheres to create a magnetic repulsion between each other.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of long shafts 7 are provided on the side wall of the diamagnetic housing 1, and pulleys 6 are connected to the ends of the long shafts respectively to form a pulley block around which a rigid wire can be wound. Preferably, the inner wall of diamagnetic housing 1 is provided with a groove for connecting long shaft 7 through a rolling bearing, and pulley 6 and long shaft 7 are matched through the rolling bearing and are arranged at the free end of long shaft 7. The rigid wire 8 passes through the magnetic ball 11, the universal ball 10, the plurality of pulleys 6 in sequence, and is finally connected to the lever 5. The end of the lever 5 is also provided with a magnetic ligand 3 which is arranged opposite to the magnetic ligand 3 at the end of the cantilever beam with equal strength horizontally arranged on the side wall in the diamagnetic shell and is deformed by the change of mutual repulsion. The force transmitted between the pulley block and the lever is amplified in a certain proportion through the combination of the pulley block, the lever and the rigid wire. The lever has enough strength, and does not deform when generating repulsion with the cantilever beam with equal strength, thereby ensuring the measurement precision.
The magnetic ball in the application is directly acted by wind force and serves as a wind direction sensing part, the rigid wire and the universal ball serve as conducting parts, the pulley block and the lever serve as amplifying parts, the fiber bragg grating equal-strength cantilever beam serves as a core measuring part, and the magnetic ligand serves as a non-contact stress conversion part. The magnetic ball is in direct contact with wind, and the swinging direction of the magnetic ball changes along with the change of the wind direction. When the magnetic ball is deviated to a certain direction, the magnetic ball and four repulsive forces among four fiber bragg grating magnetic strain sensing devices which are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the shell are changed to a certain degree, the stress of the fiber bragg grating equal-strength cantilever beam is not kept balanced under a windless condition due to the change of the repulsive force, then the strain capacity of the cantilever beam is changed, and the change of the wind direction is judged through the detection of the fiber bragg grating on the change of the strain capacity. Preferably, the magnetic ligands on the periphery of the diamagnetic housing 1 are just lower than the bottom surface of the bottom fastener 9 in installation, mainly to prevent the too large wind speed from causing the too large swing angle of the magnetic ball, so that the magnetic ball and the magnetic ligands collide with each other, and a large error is brought. More preferably, the ratio of the height of the magnetic ligand at the periphery of the diamagnetic housing below the bottom surface of the bottom fastener to the length of the thin-walled tube is 0.1-0.5.
Specifically, when wind in a certain direction blows a magnetic ball suspended at the bottom, the magnetic ball swings at a certain angle along the direction of the incoming wind, the force of the swinging rigid wire sleeved with the thin-walled tube is larger than the gravity of the magnetic ball when the rigid wire is static, the force is amplified and transmitted through the pulley assembly, the force is amplified for the second time when reaching the lever, finally, one end of the lever is pulled downwards by the rigid wire, the other end of the lever is fixed with a magnetic ligand, the other end of the lever upwards tilts, the magnetic ligand fixed with the magnetic ligand and the free end of the constant-strength cantilever beam generate repulsive force, the repulsive force is deformed, the repulsive force is reflected through the fiber bragg grating, and the magnitude of the wind speed is calculated through the functional relation between the wavelength and the strain. Meanwhile, when the magnetic ball is deflected to a certain direction, the magnetic ball and four repulsive forces among the four fiber grating magnetic strain sensing devices which are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the shell change to a certain degree, the change of the magnitude of the repulsive force causes the strain of the fiber grating constant-strength cantilever beam to change, and the change of the wind direction is judged by detecting the change of the strain through the fiber grating.
As shown in figure 1, when the magnetic ball is subjected to wind, the magnetic ball is deflected to the outer fiber grating strain sensing device, the increment of magnetic repulsion force on the device is the largest, the increment of magnetic repulsion force on the device and the device is smaller, and the increment of magnetic repulsion force on the device is reduced. Four corresponding strain quantities can be detected through four groups of fiber bragg grating strain sensing devices, and real-time wind direction can be known by synthesizing the four strain quantities.
The operation principle of the magnetic wind speed and direction sensor according to the present invention will be described below by taking the apparatus shown in fig. 2 as an example. Wherein, four pulleys are arranged, and the total number is two pulley blocks; the force arm at two ends of the lever is 1:2, and then the force transmitted by the rigid wire is amplified by 2 times. When wind in a certain direction blows the magnetic ball suspended at the bottom, the magnetic ball swings at a certain angle along the direction of the incoming wind, the force of the rigid wire nested with the thin-walled tube is larger than the gravity of the magnetic ball when the rigid wire is static, the force is amplified for the first time through the first group of pulley assemblies, then the force is amplified for the second time through the second pulley assemblies, the force is amplified for the third time when reaching the lever, and finally the downward pulling force of the rigid wire on the right end of the lever is 4 times of the pulling force of the rigid wire on the end of the magnetic ball. Because the force arm of the lever is 1:2, the repulsion force generated by the magnetic ligand which is equivalent to the other end fixed with the magnetic ligand and tilts upwards and the free end of the cantilever beam with equal strength horizontally arranged in the shell is 8 times of the pull force borne by the rigid wire at the end of the magnetic ball. The constant-strength cantilever beam is deformed by amplifying the tensile force, the deformation is reflected by the fiber bragg grating, and the wind speed is calculated according to the functional relation between the wavelength and the strain. The calculation principle is as follows.
When the sensor is placed in a wind field, the magnetic ball is stressed by wind force, the magnetic repulsion force between the beams with equal strength is changed, so that bending deformation is caused, and the fiber bragg gratings welded on the two surfaces of the beams are respectively stressed by tensile strain epsilon and compressive strain epsilon. Both are located in the same temperature field, and the strain sensitivity of the grating is SεThe resulting change in reflected wavelength can then be expressed as:
△λ＝△λ1-△λ2＝εSελB-(-ε)SελB＝2εSελB (1)
wherein λ isBThe central wavelength is reflected by the fiber grating.
For the cantilever beam with equal strength for measuring wind speed, the strain epsilon generated by the magnetic repulsion force generated by wind pressure after the three-stage amplification of the pulley block and the lever can be expressed as follows:
wherein G is the gravity of the magnetic ball, rho is the air density, s is the maximum cross-sectional area of the magnetic ball, l is the length of the constant-strength cantilever beam, B is the width of the constant-strength cantilever beam, h is the thickness of the constant-strength beam, and E is the Young modulus of the constant-strength beam material.
The relationship between the detected reflection wavelength variation and the wind speed can be obtained by the following two formulas:
therefore, the wind speed information can be obtained by measuring the reflection wavelength relative drift of the two gratings.
The utility model provides a magnetic force wind direction air velocity transducer, its structure is light and handy, the simple operation, anti external disturbance ability reinforce, through the amplification effect of movable pulley principle lever principle, has increased the sensitivity of sensor to through adopting magnetism conduction original paper, solved the intrinsic frictional force of mechanical wind speed air velocity sensor or the too big problem of impact, economic benefits is high, and application scope is wide, can be applied to the various circumstances that need anemometry wind direction.
Although the embodiments disclosed in the present application are described above, the descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic wind speed and direction sensor comprises a diamagnetic shell and a bottom fastener, and is characterized in that a plurality of constant-strength cantilever beams are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the diamagnetic shell, the constant-strength cantilever beams are horizontally arranged on the inner side wall of the diamagnetic shell, magnetic ligands are arranged at the tail ends of the constant-strength cantilever beams, the surface of the bottom fixing piece is adhered with the fiber bragg grating, the middle of the bottom fixing piece is provided with a universal ball, the middle of the universal ball is provided with a channel for a rigid wire to pass through, the lower end of the rigid wire is connected with a magnetic ball, the side wall of the diamagnetic shell is provided with a plurality of long shafts, the tail ends of the long shafts are respectively connected with pulleys to form pulley blocks for rigid wires to pass around, the rigid wire sequentially passes through the magnetic ball, the universal ball and the pulleys and is finally connected to the lever, the tail end of the lever is also provided with a magnetic ligand, and the magnetic ligand at the tail end of the lever is opposite to the magnetic ligand at the tail end of the equal-strength cantilever beam horizontally arranged on the side wall inside the diamagnetic shell; wherein all the magnetic ligands have the same polarity and are the same as the magnetic spheres.
2. The magnetic anemometer according to claim 1 wherein the ball gimbal is embedded in a mounting groove on the bottom fixture.
3. The magnetic anemometer according to claim 1 or 2 wherein a thin-walled tube is nested on the rigid wire at the lower end of the bottom consolidation member outside the diamagnetic housing.
4. The magnetic wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 3, wherein the inner wall of the diamagnetic housing is provided with a groove, a rolling bearing is arranged in the groove, and the long shaft is connected with the diamagnetic housing through the rolling bearing; the pulley is also matched with the long shaft through a rolling bearing and is positioned at the free end part of the long shaft.
5. The magnetic anemometer according to claim 4 wherein the ratio of the height of the peripheral magnetic ligands of the diamagnetic housing below the bottom surface of the bottom fastener to the length of the thin-walled tube is 0.1-0.5.
6. The magnetic anemometry sensor of claim 5 wherein there are four sets of equal strength cantilevers evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the diamagnetic housing, one set of equal strength cantilevers horizontally disposed on the inner sidewall of the diamagnetic housing.
7. A magnetic anemometry sensor as claimed in claim 3 wherein said thin walled tube is diamagnetic.
8. The magnetic force wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 6, wherein the pulley block amplifies the pulling force on the rigid wire at the end of the magnetic ball by 4 times, and the moment arm at the two ends of the lever is 1: 2.
9. The magnetic anemometry sensor of claim 8, wherein a relationship between a wind speed v measured by the magnetic anemometry sensor and a reflection wavelength variation Δ λ detected by a horizontally disposed fiber grating is:
wherein S isεIs the strain sensitivity of the grating, λBThe reflection center wavelength of the fiber grating is represented by l, the length of the cantilever beam with equal strength, B, the width of the cantilever beam with equal strength, h, the thickness of the beam with equal strength, E, the Young modulus of the material of the beam with equal strength, G, the gravity of the magnetic ball, rho, the air density and s, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the magnetic ball.
10. A magnetic anemometry sensor as claimed in any of claims 1-2, 4-7, 9 wherein the magnetic ligands are permanent magnets.
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