CN204880969U - 液化冷箱 - Google Patents

液化冷箱 Download PDF

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CN204880969U
CN204880969U CN201520632429.2U CN201520632429U CN204880969U CN 204880969 U CN204880969 U CN 204880969U CN 201520632429 U CN201520632429 U CN 201520632429U CN 204880969 U CN204880969 U CN 204880969U
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heat exchanger
liquefaction
zone heat
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姚占强
曹运兵
郝旭
侯丽丽
刘子隆
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Beijing Gaojie Energy Technology Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0258—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型的液化冷箱，包括壳体以及设置于壳体内部的预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器、重烃分离器以及冷剂分离器，壳体的侧壁的高度小于壳体的顶板的长度，重烃分离器、预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器以及冷剂分离器沿顶板的延伸方向排列于壳体的内部。本实用新型的液化冷箱对传统天然气液化冷箱内的布置进行了优化，将传统冷箱内换热器竖直排列更改为多段换热器平行布置，将冷箱内的高度控制在三米以下，从而达到撬装和可移动的目的，大大减少了现场安装的工作量。

Description

液化冷箱
技术领域
本实用新型涉及液化天然气工业，特别是涉及一种液化冷箱。
背景技术
偏远油田出产的伴生气具有气源小、分散、出产不稳定的特点，采用铺设管道的方式进行回收投资高、风险大，不回收又会带来环境污染和资源浪费；同时一些偏远油田配套的轻烃回收装置，由于采用了浅冷的回收工艺，只能回收部分轻油和混烃产品，大量的干气无法有效利用。
液化天然气(简称LNG)是天然气(简称NG)经压缩、冷却至其沸点(-161.5℃左右，与组分有关)后形成的液态天然气，主要成分是甲烷，其体积约为同量气态天然气体积的1/625，通常LNG储存在低温绝热储罐内，其无色、无味、无毒且无腐蚀性，广泛应用于石油化工、电力、城市燃气和汽车运输等行业。使用LNG作为清洁能源，具有明显的环境效益及社会效益。以LNG取代燃油后可以减少90％的二氧化硫排放和80％的氮氧化物排放，环境效益十分明显。
目前为实现伴生气液化回收，通常采用固定式液化冷箱，这种液化冷箱的侧壁的高度大于顶板的长度，换热器竖直排列于液化冷箱的内部，这样其高度远高于公路运输允许高度，不方便运输，不适合于小型伴生气液化回收装置，限制了小型天然气液化回收装置的发展。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种结构简单、适于运输的液化冷箱。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，包括壳体以及设置于所述壳体内部的预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器、重烃分离器以及冷剂分离器，所述壳体的侧壁的高度小于所述壳体的顶板的长度，所述重烃分离器、预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器以及冷剂分离器沿所述顶板的延伸方向排列于所述壳体的内部。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，所述重烃分离器、预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器以及冷剂分离器均竖直设置于所述壳体的内部。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，还包括天然气管路，所述天然气管路依次经过所述预冷段换热器、重烃分离器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，还包括液相制冷剂管路、气相制冷剂管路、制冷剂回流管路，所述气相制冷剂管路依次经过所述预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器后与冷剂分离器的进口连通，所述冷剂分离器的出口与制冷剂回流管路连通，制冷剂回流管路由所述冷剂分离器依次经过所述液化深冷段换热器、所述低温段换热器、所述预冷段换热器，所述液相制冷剂管路经过所述预冷段换热器后连接于所述低温段换热器与所述预冷段换热器之间的所述制冷剂回流管路上。
本实用新型的液化冷箱对传统天然气液化冷箱内的布置进行了优化，将传统冷箱内换热器竖直排列更改为多段换热器平行布置，壳体的侧壁的高度小于壳体的顶板的长度，将冷箱内的高度控制在三米以下，从而达到撬装和可移动的目的，大大减少了现场安装的工作量。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的液化冷箱的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本实用新型的液化冷箱，包括壳体10以及设置于壳体10内部的预冷段换热器1、低温段换热器2、液化深冷段换热器3、重烃分离器4以及冷剂分离器5。壳体10的侧壁11的高度H小于壳体10的顶板12的长度L。重烃分离器4、预冷段换热器1、低温段换热器2、液化深冷段换热器3以及冷剂分离器5沿顶板12的延伸方向依次排列于壳体10的内部。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，重烃分离器4、预冷段换热器1、低温段换热器2、液化深冷段换热器3以及冷剂分离器5均竖直设置于壳体10的内部。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，还包括天然气管路30，天然气管路30依次经过预冷段换热器1、重烃分离器4、低温段换热器2、液化深冷段换热器3。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，还包括液相制冷剂管路22、气相制冷剂管路21、制冷剂回流管路23，气相制冷剂管路21依次经过预冷段换热器1、低温段换热器2、液化深冷段换热器3后与冷剂分离器5的进口连通，冷剂分离器5的出口与制冷剂回流管路23连通，制冷剂回流管路23由冷剂分离器5依次经过液化深冷段换热器3、低温段换热器2、预冷段换热器1，液相制冷剂管路22经过预冷段换热器1后连接于低温段换热器2与预冷段换热器1之间的制冷剂回流管路23上。
本实用新型的液化冷箱对传统天然气液化冷箱内的布置进行了优化，将传统冷箱内换热器竖直排列更改为多段换热器平行布置，将冷箱内的高度控制在三米以下，从而达到撬装和可移动的目的，大大减少了现场安装的工作量。
本实用新型的液化冷箱，其中，液化深冷段换热器3、低温段换热器2、预冷段换热器1的高度均在三米以内；
预冷段换热器1出口温度控制在-30～-50℃；低温段换热器2出口温度控制在-50～-80℃，液化深冷段换热器3出口温度控制在-140℃～-160℃。重烃分离器4入口温度控制在-30～-50℃，冷剂分离器5布置在液化深冷段换热器3的左侧或者右侧。
本实用新型的液化冷箱在工作时，伴生气进入预冷段换热器1，温度降至-30℃，预冷段换热器1的高度为2.5m，从预冷段换热器1出来的伴生气进入重烃分离器4，分离出重烃组分；从重烃分离器4出来伴生气进入低温段换热器2，温度降至-70℃，低温段换热器2高度为2.8m；从低温段换热器2出来的伴生气直接进入液化深冷段换热器3，将伴生气的温度降至-160℃，液化深冷段换热器3高度为3m。
制冷侧的冷剂分离器5设置在深冷液化换热器3的右侧，制冷侧节流后的制冷工质首先进入冷剂分离器5，分离后通过气液两相分开进入换热器，从而防止换热器工作过程中，制冷工质产生偏流的现象。
本实用新型的液化冷箱除用于伴生气液化领域外，同样适用于炼厂气、化工尾气、煤层气、页岩气、致密气、沼气等气体的液化、处理。
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种液化冷箱，包括壳体以及设置于所述壳体内部的预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器、重烃分离器以及冷剂分离器，其特征在于，所述壳体的侧壁的高度小于所述壳体的顶板的长度，所述重烃分离器、预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器以及冷剂分离器沿所述顶板的延伸方向排列于所述壳体的内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液化冷箱，其特征在于，所述重烃分离器、预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器以及冷剂分离器均竖直设置于所述壳体的内部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液化冷箱，其特征在于，还包括天然气管路，所述天然气管路依次经过所述预冷段换热器、重烃分离器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液化冷箱，其特征在于，还包括液相制冷剂管路、气相制冷剂管路、制冷剂回流管路，所述气相制冷剂管路依次经过所述预冷段换热器、低温段换热器、液化深冷段换热器后与冷剂分离器的进口连通，所述冷剂分离器的出口与制冷剂回流管路连通，制冷剂回流管路由所述冷剂分离器依次经过所述液化深冷段换热器、所述低温段换热器、所述预冷段换热器，所述液相制冷剂管路经过所述预冷段换热器后连接于所述低温段换热器与所述预冷段换热器之间的所述制冷剂回流管路上。
CN201520632429.2U 2015-08-21 2015-08-21 液化冷箱 Expired - Fee Related CN204880969U (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106195612A (zh) * 2016-08-24 2016-12-07 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 一种低温流体冷能储存装置及方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106195612A (zh) * 2016-08-24 2016-12-07 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 一种低温流体冷能储存装置及方法
CN106195612B (zh) * 2016-08-24 2018-09-25 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 一种低温流体冷能储存装置及方法

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