CN204788744U - Measure high sensitivity borehole deformeter of crustal stress - Google Patents
Measure high sensitivity borehole deformeter of crustal stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN204788744U CN204788744U CN201520383510.1U CN201520383510U CN204788744U CN 204788744 U CN204788744 U CN 204788744U CN 201520383510 U CN201520383510 U CN 201520383510U CN 204788744 U CN204788744 U CN 204788744U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a measure high sensitivity borehole deformeter of crustal stress sets up four group's ring type sensors in the deformation gauge shell, each group's ring type sensor comprises two thick arc steel sheets, two alternate end -to -end connection of thin arc steel sheet, a slice influence electricity barrier is pasted respectively to the inside and outside both sides of the circular arc center of every thin arc steel sheet with corresponding, be provided with the response contact in the circular arc outside top of every thick arc steel sheet in the heart. Eight response contacts pass respectively on four group's ring type sensors deformation gauge shell periphery on eight inspection holes to meeting an emergency in the rock mass is awaited measuring in the detection. It warp to utilize the stress relief method to measure the rock mass, meet an emergency and warp the relation through what mark, calculate and obtain measuring aperture aperture deflection, go out the crustal stress according to the deflection inverse.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the geostress survey being mainly used in rock mass, belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field, refers to a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress particularly.
Background technology
Terrestrial stress composes a kind of stress be stored in rock mass, and it is not only the principal element of geologic media and crustal stability assessment, is also one of capsule information of Geological Engineering design and construction.In current engineering, most widely used method for measuring stress is hydraulic fracturing and stress relief by overcoring.Due to hydraulic fracturing exists must limitation that in advance a principal direction of stress tensor is consistent with borehole axial potentially, therefore, stress relief by overcoring is considered to the hypothesis testing method of acquisition space three-dimensional stress because of its reliability and stability.In trepanning overcoring method, deformation method and strain gauge method are widely used, and mainly contain following 2 kinds of methods:
(1) packaging technology of rock-soil mechanics (nineteen eighty-three, the 4th volume the 1st phase) 36-2 type borehole deformeter and rig-site utilization;
(2) rock-soil mechanics (1987, the 8th volume the 3rd phase) hollow inclusion formula hole wall strainometer.
In stress relief by overcoring, generally by deformation method and these two kinds of modes of strain gauge method.The precision of strain gauge method and reliability are not high, troublesome poeration; And deformation method operation is relatively convenient, precision and reliability higher.Therefore, the most frequently used is that the stress relief by overcoring of deformation method is measured.
What in engineering, the use of trepanning overcoring method was maximum is 36-2 type borehole deformeter, and its sensor is endless-ringlock sensor, and boring distortion stress relief produced in trepanning stress relieving process is converted into the distortion of steel loop.But for soft rock, 36-2 type borehole deformeter sensor rigidity is comparatively large, and contact can give the larger pressure of the wall of a borehole, crushing contact position rock, measured deflection is greater than actual boring distortion, produces comparatively big error.In the ordinary course of things, carry out the solid rock of stress relief method, its boring distortion is less, and the sensitivity of 36-2 type borehole deformeter is lower, makes the precision of measurement not high.Meanwhile, the sensor of 36-2 type borehole deformeter not easily pastes foil gauge, and the recovery is low.
How effectively measurement various rock mass, particularly aperture are out of shape little situation, ensure that testing result is credible and highly sensitive, and this is difficult problem that those skilled in the art generally acknowledge and the directions of making great efforts exploration always, but there is no the appearance of gratifying technical scheme up to now.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is exactly to provide a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress to be: head is deformation gauge head, middle part is the tubular deformation gauge shell of cavity, afterbody is taper clamping device, described deformation gauge enclosure is disposed with: centrally axis is provided with tubular lock bolt, spacedly successively on described lock bolt is set with four groups of ring type sensors and three sensor holders; Often organize on ring type sensor and be provided with two inductive reactance sheets; Described each inductive reactance sheet is connected to the electric wire in data cable respectively; Described data cable is drawn at taper clamping device afterbody via cable compacting ring by the terminal block of the bottom of lock bolt;
Each described group ring type sensor is connected to form by the thick arc steel plate of two panels, the alternate head and the tail of the thin arc steel plate of two panels; A slice inductive reactance sheet is pasted accordingly respectively in the inside and outside both sides of the center of arc position of the thin arc steel plate of every sheet; Often organize the central axes of the normal direction of inductive reactance sheet and pass the round center of circle O in ring type sensor periphery; Induction contact is provided with in the heart in the circular arc outside top of the thick arc steel plate of every sheet; The central axis of described induction contact passes the center of circle O of ring type sensor periphery circle;
On each group of ring type sensor, the central axis of two induction contact and the central axis of the normal direction of two inductive reactance sheets are mutually vertical and intersect at the center of circle O justified ring type sensor periphery;
On four groups of ring type sensors, eight induction contact are each passed through eight detect aperture on described deformation gauge shell periphery.
In technique scheme, eight detect aperture outside described deformation gauge shell are divided into four groups, corresponding four groups of ring type sensors; With the central axis of deformation gauge shell for axle, one group of adjacent between two detect aperture deformation gauge casing circumference rotates difference 45 ° successively.
In technique scheme, the thick arc steel plate of the two panels in described ring type sensor is the arc plate of the annular of equal size, and arc angle is between 90 ° ~ 180 °.
In technique scheme, the thin arc steel plate of the two panels in described ring type sensor is the arc plate of the annular of equal size, and arc angle is between 90 ° ~ 180 °.
In technique scheme, the two ends of the thick arc steel plate of every sheet are provided with thick arc steel plate screw, and the central axis of this thick arc steel plate screw is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery; The two ends of the thin arc steel plate of every sheet are provided with thin arc steel plate screw, and the central axis of this thin arc steel plate screw is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery; Thick arc steel plate screw hole parts on the thick arc steel plate of every sheet is provided with step-like recesses, and thickness and the width of the thickness of this step-like recesses and width and thin arc steel plate are identical; Thin for two panels arc steel plate is connected with the alternate head and the tail of the thick arc steel plate of two panels, described thin arc steel plate inserts on the step-like recesses of the rear arc steel disc screw of described thick arc steel plate, when thin arc steel plate screw and the alignment of thick arc steel plate screw, the thin arc steel plate screw of correspondence position and the central axes of thick arc steel plate screw are also through the round heart O in outer ring sensor periphery, the thin arc steel plate screw of correspondence and thick arc steel plate screw are screwed, form a ring type sensor.
High sensitivity borehole deformeter designed by the utility model changes the version of existing sensor, adopts the endless-ringlock sensor in combination annulus sensor replacement 36-2 type borehole deformeter.The ring type sensor that the utility model adopts is made up of thin, thick arc steel plate.Suitable thickness is taked in the design of thin, thick arc steel plate, thus ensures that, when carrying out stress relieving, thick arc steel plate only translation of rigid body occurs, and thin arc steel plate only occurs bending and deformation.Therefore, the inductive reactance sheet on thin arc steel plate effectively can measure the Bending Deformation degree of thin arc steel plate, thus measures terrestrial stress.
When identical displacement occurs induction contact, the ring type sensor that the utility model adopts is pasted foil gauge and record the dependent variable that dependent variable records much larger than 36-2 type borehole deformeter foil gauge.Thickness due to thin arc steel plate is significantly less than the steel loop thickness of 36-2 type borehole deformeter sensor, makes the rigidity of the ring type sensor designed by the utility model be less than the rigidity of the overall steel loop that former 36-2 type borehole deformeter uses; The stress of induction contact and the wall of a borehole contact position is less, is easier to measure.
Ring type sensor takes unitized construction, and thin, the thick arc steel plate of each several part is detachable, and the work that thin arc steel plate is pasted inductive reactance sheet is more convenient, and thick arc steel plate can repeat to recycle.The Stability Analysis of Structures of each ring type sensor, in stress relieving process, is not vulnerable to overlap the impact of boring whirling vibration.
The indoor use to ring type sensor Sensitivity Calibration and on-the-spot orientor, ensures the rationality of test result.Obtain after surveying deformation gauge strain data, measurement plane terrestrial stress value and orientation can be calculated fast at the scene.
The utility model is reasonable in design, and structure is simple, and highly sensitive, good stability, is applicable to the geostress survey of the stress relief by overcoring of soft or hard rock.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of the borehole deformeter of Fig. 1 designed by the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the contact position distribution plan of borehole deformeter.
Fig. 3 is steel disc sensor fixing structure schematic diagram in borehole deformeter.
Device structure schematic diagram when Fig. 4 is borehole deformeter measurement rock mass.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram in drill bushing hole on rock mass to be measured.
Fig. 6 is schematic diagram rock mass to be measured being drilled gaging hole.
Fig. 7 is the borehole deformeter scheme of installation on rock mass to be measured in exploration hole.
Fig. 8 is borehole deformeter instrumentation plan on rock mass to be measured.
Fig. 9 is borehole deformeter scheme of installation during measurement rock mass.
Figure 10 is the mark enumeration horizontal sextant angle schematic diagram on the probe of deformation gauge when measuring rock mass.
Figure 11 is that in embodiment, cover bores the releasing distance strain stress relation figure corresponding with each ring type sensor.
In figure: ring type sensor 1, sensor holder 2, sensor contact 3, sensor flap 4, lock bolt 5, terminal block 6, cable compacting ring 7, gland nut 8, deformation gauge head 9, deformation gauge shell 10, taper clamping device 11, data cable 12, thick arc steel plate 13, thin arc steel plate 14, inductive reactance sheet 15, detect aperture 16, ring type sensor periphery circle 17, the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery, measured hole 18, trepanning 19, deformation gauge probe 20, statical strain indicator 21, gauge point 22.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, device of the present utility model and detection method are described in further detail.
The structure of high sensitivity borehole deformeter
High sensitivity borehole deformeter as shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises as lower part: head is deformation gauge head 9, and the outermost layer at middle part is deformation gauge shell 10, and afterbody is taper clamping device 11, is finally connected with data cable 12.Deformation gauge head 9 to taper clamping device 11 afterbody, does not comprise the data cable 12 at rear for deformation gauge probe 20.
Described deformation gauge head 9 is semicircle ball-type, and center, top is provided with hemispherical projections.The bottom of described deformation gauge head 9 is arranged on deformation gauge shell 10.Described deformation gauge shell 10 is hollow cylinder, and diameter is identical with deformation gauge head 9.Taper clamping device 11 is installed by gland nut 8 in the rear of described deformation gauge shell 10.
Deformation gauge shell 10 periphery there are eight detect aperture 16, are divided into four groups of detect aperture 16.Two detect aperture 16 on the circle of deformation gauge shell 10 same periphery are one group; The axis of two detect aperture 16 often organized overlaps and passes the round heart in deformation gauge shell 10 periphery.The center of circle of the periphery circle of deformation gauge shell 10 is all on the central axis of deformation gauge shell 10.On the circle of the periphery of deformation gauge shell 10, one group of adjacent detect aperture 16 is circumferentially differing 45 ° successively relative to this deformation gauge shell 10 axis.
Deformation gauge shell 10 inside is cylindrical cavity, is disposed with lower component: centrally axis is provided with tubular lock bolt 5, and described lock bolt 5 is set with four groups of ring type sensors 1 and three sensor holders 2 successively; The bottom of lock bolt 5 is provided with the terminal block 6 of annular.Be a sensor holder 2 between two adjacent groups ring type sensor 1, the rear of last group ring type sensor 1 is sensor flap 4.Described loop sensor 1, sensor holder 2, sensor flap 4 and terminal block 6 are loop configuration, and what front and back were orderly is sleeved on lock bolt 5.
Each described group ring type sensor 1 is the cirque structure of same size, and the outmost turns of this loop sensor 1 is a circle and ring type sensor periphery circle 17 except two induction contact 3, and its center of circle is the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery.The round heart O in described ring type sensor periphery is on the central axis of this ring type sensor 1.When this ring type sensor 1 is arranged on after in deformation gauge shell 10, the central axis of this ring type sensor 1 and the central axes of deformation gauge shell 10, the round heart in periphery of this ring type sensor periphery round heart O and deformation gauge shell 10 overlaps.
Each described group ring type sensor 1 is connected by the thick arc steel plate of two panels 13, the alternate head and the tail of the thin arc steel plate of two panels 14, connects to form each other with four screws.The circular arc of the most peripheral of the thick arc steel plate of every sheet 13 and the thin arc steel plate 14 of every sheet is on ring type sensor periphery circle 17, and the center of circle round heart O that is ring type sensor periphery.
The thickness of the thick arc steel plate 13 of every sheet is 1.2mm, and the thickness of the thin arc steel plate 14 of every sheet is 0.3 ~ 0.5mm.The thickness of described thin arc steel plate 14 can according to practical measurement requirement, and harder rock mass uses thicker thin arc steel plate 14, and softer rock mass selects thinner thin arc steel plate 14.
The thick arc steel plate of every sheet 13 is the arc plate of the annular of equal size, and arc angle is between 90 ° ~ 180 °.The two ends of the thick arc steel plate of every sheet 13 are provided with thick arc steel plate screw 13a, and the central axis of this thick arc steel plate screw 13a is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery.Induction contact 3 is provided with in the heart in the circular arc outside top of the thick arc steel plate 13 of every sheet.Described induction contact 3 is cylinder type, and top is and the semi-round ball of right cylinder with footpath.The central axis of described induction contact 3 is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery.
The thin arc steel plate of every sheet 14 is the arc plate of the annular of equal size, and arc angle is between 90 ° ~ 180 °.The two ends of the thin arc steel plate of every sheet 14 are provided with thin arc steel plate screw 14a, and the central axis of this thin arc steel plate screw 14a is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery.The center of arc position of the thin arc steel plate 14 of every sheet is provided with one group of inductive reactance sheet 15.Each group inductive reactance sheet 15 comprises the inductive reactance sheet 15 of the onesize arc-shaped flaky of two panels.A slice inductive reactance sheet 15 is pasted accordingly respectively in the inside and outside both sides of the center of arc position of the thin arc steel plate of every sheet 14.Often organize the central axes in the normal direction of inductive reactance sheet 15 and pass the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery.
Thick arc steel plate screw 13a position on the thick arc steel plate of every sheet 13 is provided with step-like recesses, and thickness and the width of the thickness of this step-like recesses and width and thin arc steel plate 14 are identical.Thin for two panels arc steel plate 14 is connected with the alternate head and the tail of the thick arc steel plate of two panels 13, described thin arc steel plate 13 inserts on the step-like recesses of rear arc steel disc screw 13a of described thick arc steel plate 13, when thin arc steel plate screw 14a and thick arc steel plate screw 13a aligns, the thin arc steel plate screw 14a of correspondence position and the central axes of thick arc steel plate screw 13a are also through the round heart O in outer ring sensor periphery, the thin arc steel plate screw 14a of correspondence and thick arc steel plate screw 13a is screwed, forms a ring type sensor 1.
Now, often organize on the loop sensor periphery circle 17 of ring type sensor 1 periphery: the central axes of two induction contact 3 is through the round heart O in loop sensor periphery; Central axes in the normal direction of same group of inductive reactance sheet 15 on different thin arc steel plate 14 is through the round heart O in loop sensor periphery; The central axis of two induction contact 3 and the central axis of same group of inductive reactance sheet 15 on difference thin arc steel plate 14 are mutually perpendicular to the round heart O in loop sensor periphery.
In described deformation gauge shell 10, when utilizing lock bolt 5 that four described ring type sensors 1 are installed: four described ring type sensor 1 tandem, and differ 45 ° of phase places successively; The central axis often organizing two induction contact 3 on ring type sensor 1 rotates difference 45 ° successively on loop sensor periphery circle 17; Often the induction contact 3 organized on ring type sensor 1 is stretched out, for measuring rock mass from the detect aperture 16 described deformation gauge shell 10.
After four ring type sensors 1 install in the above described manner, two the inductive reactance sheets 1 often organized on ring type sensor 1 are connected respectively the electric wire in data cable 12, transmit for data-signal.Data cable 12, via after cable compacting ring 7, is drawn by taper clamping device 11.Be connected by gland nut 8 between deformation gauge shell 10 with taper clamping device 11.
The principle of work of high sensitivity borehole deformeter
The purpose of this utility model measures the terrestrial stress in rock mass.Geostress survey is divided into space three-dimensional stress measurement and plane stress measurement.The two-dimensional stress that what plane stress was measured is in the plane vertical with measured hole.
Plane earth stress measured by the utility model is perpendicular to the terrestrial stress on the xsect of measured hole.
The principle of work of the high sensitivity borehole deformeter designed by the utility model is: measure the displacement in rock body drilled deformation process, and transmitted.
Concrete employing following manner: first drill one section of cover boring in region to be measured, then at probing inspecting hole that cover foot of hole is coaxial, put in inspecting hole coaxially to creep into the annular bit that cover bores again and the stress constraint solution strainometer surrounding rock body is removed, so be called stress relief method.After stress constraint is removed, strainometer surrounding rock body is out of shape, and strainometer produces strain.By strain and the deformation relationship of demarcation, calculate and obtain measured hole aperture deflection, go out terrestrial stress according to deflection inverse.
In the utility model, deformation gauge is positioned at boring, and when there is deformation, induction contact 3 is subjected to displacement thereupon, drives thick arc steel plate 13 that synchronous translation of rigid body occurs simultaneously, impels thin arc steel plate 14 that synchronous flexural deformation occurs; Now can produce great strain variation in the position of inductive reactance sheet 15; Thus, the position that the distortion of boring concentrates on inductive reactance sheet 15 is reflected, and is converted to electric signal by this inductive reactance sheet 15 by deformation quantity.
In theory, the angle of measured hole is can be arbitrary, but in practical operation, and applying maximum is level and almost horizontal.
The detecting step of high sensitivity borehole deformeter
As represented in figures 4 to 11, when highly sensitive borehole deformeter designed by the utility model uses, that puts into measured hole 18 is called deformation gauge probe 20, and the data cable 12 of its afterbody connects the computing machine in the rear junction chamber of statical strain indicator 21, to read and to store data and result of calculation.
Utilize the high sensitivity borehole deformeter designed by the utility model to detect the method for rock mass, comprise the following steps:
Step 1) at the fixed highly sensitive borehole deformeter sensitivity K of indoor standardization station symbol, and determine the corresponding relation of foil gauge reading variable quantity and terrestrial stress;
δ=Δ ε/K (formula 1)
Wherein, K is sensitivity (μ ε/10 of the deformation gauge obtained after demarcating
-3mm);
Creep into deformation gauge difference of reading during 30cm place with cover when Δ ε (unit is: μ ε) removes initial for cover bores;
For No. 1 steel loop in table 1, cover brill is when creeping into 0cm, and reading strain is 0, and when overlapping brill and creeping into 30cm, its reading strain is 266, then now Δ ε=266 μ ε.
δ (mm) represents the aperture deflection of measured hole 18.
σ
1, σ
2(Mpa) be plane principle stress, α is σ
1with δ
0angle.The elastic modulus that E (GPa) is rock mass to be measured, the Poisson ratio that ν (dimensionless) is rock mass to be measured.The diameter that D (mm) is measured hole 18.
In deformation gauge, four ring type sensors 1 serial number from deformation gauge head 9 is No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, the strain respectively on a corresponding direction; By the dependent variable on each ring type sensor 1, instead can push away and calculate the aperture deflection of the measured hole of four ring type sensor 1 correspondences; Optional three aperture deflections wherein just instead can push away and calculate corresponding terrestrial stress.δ
0subscript 0,45 and 90 represent a kind of phase sequence of getting ring type sensor 1 corresponding to three aperture deflections, namely three ring type sensors 1 selected successively phase 45 ° (central axis of three ring type sensors 1 rotates 45 ° successively on the central axis of deformation gauge shell 10) are [No. 1, No. 2, No. 3] respectively, [No. 2, No. 3, No. 4], [No. 3, No. 4, No. 1], [No. 4, No. 1, No. 2] four kinds of modes.
Step 2) in test site, highly sensitive borehole deformeter is communicated with statical strain indicator 21, correct acquisition parameter;
Statical strain indicator 21 is YJ-H4 type static resistance strainmeters.Often organize on ring type sensor 1 and have two inductive reactance sheets 15, adopt half-bridge to connect.Paste the ring type sensor 1 of inductive reactance sheet 15 before not being out of shape, the reading strain utilizing statical strain indicator to record each inductive reactance sheet 15 is 0, represents half-bridge bridge voltage balance; Correcting reading is 8888, represents statical strain indicator internal capacitance balance.Before scene starts measurement, need to carry out strain calibration to inductive reactance sheet 15.Calibration design parameter: reading strain is 0, correcting reading is 8888.
Step 3) highly sensitive borehole deformeter is pushed in measured hole 18, record statical strain indicator 21 reading;
Step 3.1) as shown in Figure 6, in test site, drill one section of trepanning 19 in terrestrial stress rock mass region to be measured and proceed to target zone, the orientation that record cover bores and the degree of depth.In fact, the angle of measured hole 18 is consistent with the angle of cover brill.Recording the orientation of boring of trapping is exactly the orientation that have recorded measured hole 18.
In the in-site measurement of the present embodiment, hole as horizontal drilling, and perpendicular to tunnel trend,
In detecting earth stress, boring is generally all horizontal drilling, and moves towards perpendicular to tunnel.
Step 3.2) in the below of the trepanning 19 of above-mentioned probing, then drill a measured hole 18; Described measured hole 18 and trepanning 19 are coaxial but diameter is less.
Concrete, creep into the drill bit that measured hole 18 is solid diameter 36mm; Creep into the drill bit that trepanning 19 is similar annulus: internal diameter 110mm, external diameter 120mm.During probing, trepanning 19 and measured hole 18 are coaxial concentric circless.
Generally, the degree of depth of middle measured hole 18 is at about 30cm.
Step 3.3) with push rod, deformation gauge probe 20 is sent in measured hole 18, the orientation of record deformation gauge probe 20 in measured hole 18, and record gathers the initial reading of main frame
When being pushed in measured hole 18 by the deformation gauge of highly sensitive borehole deformeter probe 20 with push rod, because the total length of deformation gauge probe 20 is 22.5cm, deformation gauge probe 20 gos deep into measured hole 18 completely.
Now, the rear of deformation gauge probe 20 is orientor and push rod successively, and deformation gauge probe 20 is sent in detection control 18 by push rod.
Step 3.4) cover brill creeps into trepanning 19, carries out stress relieving, record statical strain indicator 21 current reading to the rock mass around measured hole 18.
Step 4) start orientor, rotating push rod adjusts highly sensitive borehole deformeter, and the deep orientation of the highly sensitive borehole deformeter of survey record, the orientation of boring and the inclination angle of boring, pull out push rod subsequently;
After measured hole put into by deformation gauge, deformation gauge generally all can rotational angle, can measure variation angle with orientor.Before deformation gauge probe 20 puts into measured hole 18, the direction of gauge point 22 correspondence of its afterbody is straight up; Now, orientor reading is 90 °.Enter in the progradation of measured hole 18 at deformation gauge probe 20, deformation gauge probe 20 can entirety deflect.
After deformation gauge probe 20 is put into measured hole 18, start orientor, record the deflection angle of deformation gauge probe 20.Subsequently, take out push rod and orientor, and read deformation gauge and to pop one's head in 20 final deflection angles.Original angle 90 °, occurs deflecting clockwise, thinks that angle reduces; Counterclockwise deflection, thinks that angle increases.In actual measurement embodiment hereafter, the gauge point 22 on deformation gauge probe 20 and right side horizontal direction angle are α=-29 °, represent that deformation gauge probe 20 is in the process putting into exploration hole 18, has rotated counterclockwise 29 ° relative to right side horizontal direction.
During 20 assembling of deformation gauge probe, the centerline axis parallel of line corresponding to the mark enumeration 22 of its afterbody and a contact of No. 3 steel loops (from head number the 3rd) and deformation gauge probe 20; Meanwhile, 90 ° of some correspondences of this gauge point 22 and orientor.Therefore, direction corresponding when eight sensor contact 3 can being determined on four ring type sensors 1 on this highly sensitive borehole deformeter by orientor are measured.
The bore position parameter detected: 1, drilling depth; 2, bore angle.Such as, hole as (holing in the horizontal plane) during horizontal drilling, but help wall (wall surface of subterranean tunnel) to become with limit, tunnel can be arbitrarily angled; Generally choose bore angle perpendicular to wall or angle at 45 ° with wall, be convenient to computation and analysis.
Concrete data are tested by reality and are obtained.
Step 5) wait for statical strain indicator 21 stable reading, be recorded as strain initial value, then with step 2) the same correction data returning to zero;
Time deformation gauge probe 20 has just been put into measured hole 18, because induction contact 3 contacts with the hole wall of measured hole 18, four ring type sensors 1 are caused to be out of shape, inductive reactance sheet 15 on ring type sensor 1 can change and fluctuate, statical strain indicator 21 reading also can fluctuate, wait for a period of time quietly, reading can settle out, and at this time the reading of statical strain indicator 21 is the strain value loading measured hole 18.
The object of rezeroing is that in releasing process, data measured easily reads and calculates.
Step 6) probing trepanning 19, carries out stress relieving to measured hole 18, in the process of separating de-stress, often creeps into 2cm, record the reading of each measuring point, when cover brill creeps into 30cm, confirm as stable if double reading difference is no more than 5 μ ε, probing can be stopped, stopping record data simultaneously;
In detecting earth stress, first deformation gauge probe 20 is put in measured hole 18, then creep into trepanning 19.The distance of creeping into of trepanning 19 has there is certain relation to measured hole 18 distortion, because the distortion correspondence of measured hole 18 is the deformation of each ring type sensor 1 on deformation gauge probe 20.When trepanning 19 creeps into 30cm, it is negligible that cover bores the deformation effect continuing again to creep into each ring type sensor 1.But the drill bit that this time, cover bored, also in rotation, can cause the fluctuation of the reading of the inductive reactance sheet 15 of several ring type sensor 1 inside deformation gauge, as long as twice last reading fluctuation is within 5 μ ε, just think that reading is stable.
Step 7) fracture core, takes out the core with highly sensitive borehole deformeter, reclaims deformation gauge probe 20;
Step 8) scene recorded strain value and substitutes into step 1) in formula (1), formula (2), formula (3), calculate the terrestrial stress measuring rock mass.
Inductive reactance sheet 15 on four ring type sensors 1 all can measure data, in step 1) in formula known, only need the data of three ring type sensors 1 to calculate terrestrial stress.General way is, appoints and gets three and namely have four kinds of array modes, thus calculate four groups of terrestrial stress values and angle, then show that mean value is as testing result in four ring type sensors 1.
On-the-spot test embodiment
Carry out detecting earth stress at Sichuan diversion tunnel, related data is as follows:
Elastic modulus is E=41.1GPa, and Poisson ratio is ν=0.22, and measured hole diameter is D=36mm;
This cover bores as horizontal drilling, and perpendicular to tunnel wall.
1) before deformation gauge probe 20 puts into measured hole 18, first calibrate strain, fundamental purpose is: balancing half-bridge voltage.
2) orientor at deformation gauge probe 20 and rear thereof together advances in measured hole 18 with push rod by 2.a..
2.b. exits orientor after advancing deformation gauge probe 20.Now, orientor display reading is deformation gauge pops one's head in mark enumeration 22 on 20 and right side horizontal direction angle is α=-29 ° (counterclockwise).
Because each induction contact 3 on four groups of ring type sensors 1 and gauge point relation are determined, so indirect calculation goes out the angle of each induction contact 3 in measured hole 18 on four groups of ring type sensors 1.
2.c. deformation gauge probe 20 is treated on statical strain indicator 21 after stable reading after being pushed into measured hole 18, reads reading.
2.d. calibrates strain again, fundamental purpose: during beginning stress relieving, each reading is 0, is convenient to later calculating.
3) start cover to bore, every 2cm records the strain value of each passage.When cover brill creeps into 30cm, the difference of more last two data, confirms as stable if double reading difference is no more than 5 μ ε, can stop to bore.
4) data measured is substituted into computing formula.
All data are as shown in following table 1 stress test measurement data table.
Table 1 stress test measurement data
After above-mentioned measurement data being calculated, the cover obtaining Figure 11 bores removes the distance strain stress relation figure corresponding with each ring type sensor.
Accordingly, it is as shown in table 2 that different ring type sensors 1 measures K, Δ ε, δ of obtaining:
Demarcate deformation gauge sensitivity K (μ ε/10 obtained
-3mm);
Deformation gauge from cover brill remove to creep into 30cm place reading be Δ ε (i.e. μ ε);
Aperture deflection δ (mm) of measured hole;
Table 2: the K that different ring type sensor measurement obtains, Δ ε, δ:
| Ring type sensor is numbered | Difference of reading Δ ε (unit μ ε) | K(με/10 -3mm) | δ(10 -3mm) |
| No. 1 | 266 | 9.4 | 28.3 |
| No. 2 | 653 | 9.6 | 68 |
| No. 3 | 392 | 9.2 | 46.2 |
| No. 4 | -7 | 8.7 | -0.8 |
Corresponding ring type sensor 1 out of phase δ
0, δ
45, δ
90measured σ
1, σ
2and formed
angle, as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3: ring type sensor 1 out of phase δ
0, δ
45, δ
90measured σ
1, σ
2and formed
angle:
angle is σ
1with horizontal right direction angulation (°):
N represents δ
0the numbering (from head number) of corresponding ring type sensor 1,112 ° for this test in orientor record reading.
span at-90 ° ~ 90 °, be allly greater than 90 °
need to deduct 180 °.In table 3, the 3rd group of δ
0calculate
actual result be 151 °, for-29 ° after deducting 180 °; These two angles actual are on straight line.
Calculate four groups of terrestrial stress values and angle, then show that mean value is as testing result:
Major principal stress=29.7MPa;
Least principal stress=9.65MPa;
Principal direction of stress=-29 ° (with level to the right for start line, turning clockwise 29 °).
Other unaccounted parts all belong to prior art.
Claims (6)
1. measure the high sensitivity borehole deformeter of terrestrial stress for one kind, head is deformation gauge head (9), middle part is the tubular deformation gauge shell (10) of cavity, afterbody is taper clamping device (11), it is characterized in that: described deformation gauge shell (10) inside is disposed with: centrally axis is provided with tubular lock bolt (5), spacedly successively on described lock bolt (5) be set with four groups of ring type sensors (1) and three sensor holders (2); Often organize on ring type sensor (1) and be provided with two inductive reactance sheets (15); Described each inductive reactance sheet (15) is connected to the electric wire in data cable (13) respectively; Described data cable (13) is drawn at taper clamping device (11) afterbody via cable compacting ring (7) by the terminal block (6) of the bottom of lock bolt (5);
Each described group ring type sensor (1) is connected to form by the thick arc steel plate of two panels (13), the thin arc steel plate of two panels (14) alternate head and the tail; A slice inductive reactance sheet (15) is pasted accordingly respectively in the inside and outside both sides of the center of arc position of the thin arc steel plate of every sheet (14); Often organize the central axes of the normal direction of inductive reactance sheet (15) and pass the center of circle O that (17) are justified in ring type sensor periphery; Induction contact (3) is provided with in the heart in the circular arc outside top of the thick arc steel plate of every sheet (13); The central axis of described induction contact (3) passes the center of circle O of ring type sensor periphery circle (17);
On each group of ring type sensor (1), the central axis of two induction contact (3) and the central axis of the normal direction of two inductive reactance sheets (15) are mutually vertical and intersect at the center of circle O that (17) are justified in ring type sensor periphery;
Four groups of upper eight induction contact (3) of ring type sensor (1) are each passed through eight detect aperture (16) on described deformation gauge shell (10) periphery.
2. a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described deformation gauge shell (10) eight detect aperture (16) are outward divided into four groups, corresponding four groups of ring type sensors (1); With the central axis of deformation gauge shell (10) for axle, one group of adjacent between two detect aperture (16) deformation gauge shell (10) circumferentially rotates difference 45 ° successively.
3. a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the arc plate that the thick arc steel plate of two panels (13) in described ring type sensor (1) is the annular of equal size, arc angle is between 90 ° ~ (18) 0 °.
4. a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the arc plate that the thin arc steel plate of two panels (14) in described ring type sensor (1) is the annular of equal size, arc angle is between 90 ° ~ 180 °.
5. a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two ends of every thick arc steel plate of sheet (13) are provided with thick arc steel plate screw (13a), the central axis of this thick arc steel plate screw (13a) is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery, the two ends of the thin arc steel plate of every sheet (14) are provided with thin arc steel plate screw (14a), and the central axis of this thin arc steel plate screw (14a) is through the round heart O in ring type sensor periphery, thick arc steel plate screw (13a) position on the thick arc steel plate of every sheet (13) is provided with step-like recesses, and thickness and the width of the thickness of this step-like recesses and width and thin arc steel plate (14) are identical, thin for two panels arc steel plate (14) is connected with the thick arc steel plate of two panels (13) alternate head and the tail, described thin arc steel plate (13) inserts on the step-like recesses of the rear arc steel disc screw (13a) of described thick arc steel plate (13), when thin arc steel plate screw (14a) and thick arc steel plate screw (13a) align, the thin arc steel plate screw (14a) of correspondence position and the central axes of thick arc steel plate screw (13a) are also through the round heart O in outer ring sensor periphery, the thin arc steel plate screw (14a) of correspondence and thick arc steel plate screw (13a) are screwed, form a ring type sensor (1).
6. a kind of high sensitivity borehole deformeter measuring terrestrial stress according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of the thick arc steel plate (13) in described ring type sensor (1) is 1.2mm, the thickness of thin arc steel plate (14) is 0.3 ~ 0.5mm.
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| CN201520383510.1U CN204788744U (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2015-06-04 | Measure high sensitivity borehole deformeter of crustal stress |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105043610A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | High-sensitivity drill hole deformeter for measuring crustal stress, and detection method thereof |
| CN105507876A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Drilling and measuring integrated device based on stress relief method |
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| CN107328370A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress |
| CN108917989A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of rigid borehole stressmeter and operating method of stress direction auto-changing |
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- 2015-06-04 CN CN201520383510.1U patent/CN204788744U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN105043610A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | High-sensitivity drill hole deformeter for measuring crustal stress, and detection method thereof |
| CN105043610B (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2024-01-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | High-sensitivity drilling deformer for measuring ground stress and detection method thereof |
| CN105507876A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Drilling and measuring integrated device based on stress relief method |
| CN105507876B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-11-02 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Integrated apparatus surveyed by a kind of brill based on stress relief method |
| CN106996841A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-01 | 吉林大学 | With being in harmony the hole drilling type optical fiber three-dimensional ground stress observation device of function certainly |
| CN106996841B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2022-11-22 | 吉林大学 | Drilling type optical fiber three-dimensional ground stress observation device with self-consistent function |
| CN107328370A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress |
| CN108917989A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of rigid borehole stressmeter and operating method of stress direction auto-changing |
| CN108917989B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2024-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rigid drilling stress meter capable of automatically changing stress direction and operation method |
| CN110821430A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-21 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Fixing device for drilling camera hole opening and mounting method |
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