CN204783264U - Take no bent axle engine of cylinder opposition device - Google Patents
Take no bent axle engine of cylinder opposition device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204783264U CN204783264U CN201520507045.8U CN201520507045U CN204783264U CN 204783264 U CN204783264 U CN 204783264U CN 201520507045 U CN201520507045 U CN 201520507045U CN 204783264 U CN204783264 U CN 204783264U
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- orbit determination
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Abstract
The utility model provides a no bent axle engine that has cylinder opposition device, including the directaxis, the power output gear, crank device and cylinder opposition device, wherein the crank device includes the connecting rod, crank and orbit determination piston, the orbit determination piston is a piston of being reciprocating motion in fixed railroad shoe, the one end and the orbit determination piston tip activity hinge joint of connecting rod, the other end and articulate one end activity hinge joint, the fixed one end of connecting the directaxis perpendicularly of the articulate other end, power output gear fixed mounting is on the directaxis, cylinder opposition device and orbit determination piston fixed connection, drive orbit determination piston is rather than keeping simultaneous movement. This engine replaces the bent axle with crank device and directaxis, process simplyr, and it is more reliable work, and this engine adopts advance cylinder opposition device to drive, can realize automatic pressure boost in the acting, the automatically controlled change discharge capacity of accessible, and it is equally easy just as the change bulb to change cylinder opposition device in addition, brings very big convenience for using with the maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of reciprocating piston type internal combustion motor, specifically a kind of Crankless engine with the opposed device of cylinder.
Background technique
Tradition two stroke diesel engine also exists following several large shortcoming:
(1), bent axle is adopted to carry out transmission.Bent axle is one of core component of conventional engines, and it has many shortcomings being difficult to overcome, as Design and manufacture is complicated, difficult quality guarantee, manufactured materials requires high, and increasing power is restricted with raising work doing efficiency, manufacture cost is high, and install and maintenance difficult, working life is short.
(2), cylinder fuel combustion is insufficient, and discharging waste gas is seriously polluted, and fuel consumption is large, and the thermal efficiency is low.Its main cause is that cylinder ventilation is thorough, and the oxygen deficiency of burning causes.And cause ventilation not thorough, main cause that oxygen is not enough is that the structure of conventional engines is unreasonable, its suction port and relief opening are the right and lefts on cylinder wall same level line, when engine piston runs to a certain period, suction port and relief opening can be opened simultaneously, form short circuit, while new air scans out relief opening waste gas, also short circuit has been run away the new air of part, and this just to cause the oxygen needed for next burning not enough.In addition, new air only carries out scavenging to cylinder lower half portion, and upper half part still has large quantity of exhaust gas to be detained not walk.
(3), cylinder can not set up effective lubrication system, dispels the heat bad, and parts wear is large, can not continuous operation.Its main cause is also owing to constructing unreasonable causing.
Model utility content
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a kind of Crankless engine with the opposed device of cylinder, and the thinking that this motor is dealt with problems is as follows:
(1) bent axle of disadvantage multiterminal, is removed, it is replaced with the simple crank device of structure, crank device comprises connecting rod, crank and orbit determination piston, by orbit determination reciprocating motion of the pistons drivening rod, thus driving crank rotates, and then driving d-axis and power output gear to rotate, orbit determination piston is synchronously driven by the opposed device of cylinder, thus realizes the circular movement to-and-fro motion of opposed for cylinder device being converted to d-axis and power output gear.The structure of crank device is identical with retired steamer head drive mechanism for wheel for many years with working principle.
(2), cylinder adopts the opposed device of cylinder, this device comprises two opposed acting cylinders and two opposed pressurized cylinders, the acting piston of two acting cylinders is opposed to link into an integrated entity, two opposed acting cylinders break out the to-and-fro motion that can form acting piston in turn, the charged piston of two pressurized cylinders is also opposed to link into an integrated entity, charged piston is also linked with it side by side by piston actuated of doing work, and the piston area of pressurized cylinder is greater than the piston area of acting cylinder, while acting cylinder outburst acting drives the acting of acting piston, can the new air of supercharging be carried to the cylinder that does work by related driving charged piston, both new air had been added, the waste gas of acting cylinder can be made a clean sweep of again, thus realize thoroughly taking a breath and increasing the oxygen needed for burning.
(3), acting piston and charged piston inside be equipped with hollow storehouse, internal memory lubricant oil, be provided with the oilhole that some and hollow storehouse is connected in the oil ring groove of piston, when piston moves back and forth, lubricant oil flow to oil ring from oilhole and lubricates cylinder and piston.
The concrete technological scheme that the utility model adopts is as follows:
A kind of Crankless engine with the opposed device of cylinder, it is characterized in that: described motor comprises the opposed device of d-axis, power output gear, crank device and cylinder, wherein crank device comprises connecting rod, crank and orbit determination piston, orbit determination piston is a piston moved reciprocatingly in fixing railroad shoe, one end and the orbit determination pistons end of connecting rod are movably hinged, one end of the other end and crank is movably hinged, the other end fixed vertical of crank connects one end of d-axis, and power output gear is fixedly mounted on d-axis; The opposed device of described cylinder and orbit determination piston arranged in parallel, its acting piston be fixedly connected with orbit determination piston by connecting sheet, make orbit determination piston and acting piston maintenance be synchronized with the movement.
The opposed device of described cylinder comprises two opposed acting cylinders, the acting piston of two acting cylinders is opposed to link into an integrated entity, two acting cylinders break out acting in turn and drive acting piston to move reciprocatingly, the side of two acting cylinders is also parallel is provided with two opposed pressurized cylinders, the charged piston of two pressurized cylinders is also opposed to link into an integrated entity, and acting piston and charged piston are linked together by contiguous block and realize being synchronized with the movement; Described acting cylinder rear end is provided with acting intake valve and oil nozzle, and side, front end is provided with relief opening; Described charged piston area is greater than acting piston area, and pressurized cylinder rear end is provided with supercharging gas transmission door and super charge door, and the supercharging gas transmission door of two pressurized cylinders is connected respectively by the acting intake valve of pneumatic tube with the acting cylinder of its subtend.
Acting piston and the charged piston inside of the opposed device of described cylinder are equipped with hollow storehouse, and there is lubricant oil inside, and are equipped with the oilhole that some and hollow storehouse is connected in the oil ring groove of piston.
In order to increase the output power of motor, the opposed device of described cylinder can be set to two, be arranged in parallel within the both sides of orbit determination piston, the acting piston of the opposed device of two cylinders is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston by connecting sheet, makes the acting piston on orbit determination piston and both sides keep synchronous reciprocating motion.
In order to improve smoothness that motor runs and increase the output power of motor, power output gear can also be arranged on the middle part of d-axis, and d-axis the other end also fixed vertical connect a crank device, the crank direction of extension of this crank device is contrary with the crank direction of extension of d-axis one end crank device, this crank device is also equipped with the opposed device of cylinder to drive, form one is carried out push and pull simultaneously respectively to the crank device at two ends driving by the opposed device of the cylinder at two ends thus, and then the push-and-pull output unit driving d-axis and power output gear to rotate.
Crankless engine with the opposed device of cylinder of the present utility model has the following advantages:
(1), this motor eliminates the bent axle of disadvantage multiterminal, and replace it with the simple crank device of structure and d-axis, processing is more simple, and work is more reliable, and its parts are all that expansion connects and is exposed to outer, install and keep in repair all very convenient.
(2), this motor adopts the advanced opposed device of cylinder to drive, this device can realize Automatic-boosting and input new air while acting, both can to the new air needed for acting supercharge cylinders input acting burning next time, the remainder of exhaust gas of acting cylinder can be made a clean sweep of again, the acting each time of acting cylinder is burnt can be cmpletely, reach maximizing efficiency, and have lubricant oil in the piston of this device cylinder, can effectively set up its lubrication system, make cylinder and piston more durable.
(3) when, this motor uses many group cylinders opposed device composition drive system to drive, can whole group of the opposed device of cylinder be made by automatically controlled or merge with drive system one by one or derail, thus realize variable displacement, through well-designed, change the opposed device of cylinder easy just as more changing the bulb, bring great convenience to use technology.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the opposed device of this cylinder.
Fig. 2 is the rough schematic view (in order to make graph expression below clearer, this device being carried out reduced representation, removes the annexes such as opposed pressurized cylinder) of the opposed device of this cylinder.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of this motor.
The structural representation that Fig. 4 is the opposed device of cylinder of this motor when being two.
Fig. 5 to be the opposed device of cylinder of this motor be overlapping multiple time structural representation.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that this motor forms a push-and-pull output unit.
The structural representation that Fig. 7 is the opposed device of cylinder of push-and-pull output unit when being two.
Fig. 8 to be the opposed device of cylinder of push-and-pull output unit be overlapping multiple time structural representation.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of four push-and-pull output units when jointly being exported by power stage line shaft.
In figure: 1-does work cylinder, 2-does work piston, 3-pressurized cylinder, 4-charged piston, 5-contiguous block, 6-does work intake valve, 7-oil nozzle, 8-relief opening, 9-supercharging gas transmission door, 10-super charge door, 11-pneumatic tube, the hollow storehouse of 12-, 13-oil ring, 14-oilhole, 15-compression ring, the opposed device of 16-cylinder, 17-power output gear, 18-bearing support, 19-d-axis, 20-crank, 21-connecting rod, 22-railroad shoe, 23-orbit determination piston, 24-connecting sheet, 25-connecting plate, 26-intermediate gear, 27-power stage line shaft.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described further.
As shown in Figure 3, the utility model motor comprises the opposed device 16 of d-axis 19, power output gear 17, crank device and cylinder, wherein crank device comprises connecting rod 21, crank 20 and orbit determination piston 23, orbit determination piston 23 is a piston moved reciprocatingly in fixing railroad shoe 22, one end and orbit determination piston 23 end of connecting rod 21 are movably hinged, one end of the other end and crank 20 is movably hinged, the other end fixed vertical of crank 20 connects one end of d-axis 19, and power output gear 17 is fixedly mounted on d-axis 19; The opposed device of described cylinder 16 is arranged in parallel with orbit determination piston 23, and its acting piston 2 is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston 23 by connecting sheet 24, makes orbit determination piston 23 and acting piston 2 keep being synchronized with the movement.
Fig. 2 is the rough schematic view of the opposed device 16 of described cylinder, its concrete structure as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises two opposed acting cylinders 1, the acting piston 2 of two acting cylinders 1 is opposed to link into an integrated entity, two acting cylinders 1 break out acting in turn and drive acting piston 2 to move reciprocatingly, the side of two acting cylinders 1 is also parallel is provided with two opposed pressurized cylinders 3, the charged piston 4 of two pressurized cylinders 3 is also opposed to link into an integrated entity, and acting piston 2 and charged piston 4 are linked together by contiguous block 5 and realize being synchronized with the movement; Described acting cylinder 1 rear end is provided with acting intake valve 6 and oil nozzle 7, and side, front end is provided with relief opening 8; Described charged piston 4 area is greater than acting piston 2 area, and the supercharging gas transmission door 9 that pressurized cylinder 3 rear end is provided with supercharging gas transmission door 9 and super charge door 10, two pressurized cylinder 3 is connected respectively by the acting intake valve 6 of pneumatic tube 11 with the acting cylinder 1 of its subtend.When one of them acting cylinder 1 acting outburst drives acting piston 2 to push ahead, the pressurized cylinder 3 of its subtend is synchronously pressurized piston 4 and compresses, so the pressurized cylinder 3 of subtend is to the new air of acting cylinder 1 conveying high-pressure, the acting intake valve 6 of acting cylinder 1 is open, the new air of high pressure enters acting cylinder 1, because the new air of high pressure is identical with the waste gas moving direction after work done in acting cylinder 1, so both make a concerted effort, waste gas is thoroughly swept to the greatest extent from relief opening 8 by superposition, and now work done, exhaust, ventilation terminate.Then opposed acting cylinder 1 does work and breaks out the new air that driving acting piston 2 back compresses former acting cylinder 1, and the acting intake valve 6 of former acting cylinder 1 is closed by pressurized air forced back.The opening-closing process of the therefore work done of two opposed acting cylinders 1, exhaust, ventilation, compression and acting intake valve 6 completes all automatically, because charged piston 4 area is greater than acting piston 2 area, it is supercharging that the new air of high pressure enters acting cylinder 1, so form an automatic pressure augment system.The piston 2 of doing work in addition is equipped with hollow storehouse 12 with charged piston 4 inside, and there is lubricant oil inside, and is equipped with the oilhole 14 that some and hollow storehouse 12 is connected in the oil ring groove of piston 2,4.Piston 2,4 reciprocating rock under, lubricant oil can flow to oil ring 13 from oilhole 14, and then lubricates cylinder 1,3 and piston 2,4.
In order to increase the output power of motor, as shown in Figure 4, the opposed device 16 of described cylinder can be set to two, be arranged in parallel within the both sides of orbit determination piston 23, the acting piston 2 of the opposed device 16 of two cylinders is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston 23 by connecting sheet 24, makes the acting piston 2 on orbit determination piston 23 and both sides keep synchronous reciprocating to move.Further, as shown in Figure 5, on the opposed device of cylinder 16 of orbit determination piston 23 both sides, overlap increases the opposed device 16 of multiple cylinder respectively again, the opposed device 16 of cylinder of both sides links into an integrated entity with connecting plate 25 respectively, the opposed device 16 of all cylinders is made to form the drive system of a synchronous interaction, in drive system, the merger of the opposed device of each cylinder 16 or derailing are by automatically controlled control, thus realize variable displacement.When vehicle is in underload, can by the opposed device 16 of automatically controlled derailing partial cylinders, the discharge capacity of such motor will correspondingly reduce, when vehicle is at heavy load, can by the automatically controlled quantity increasing the opposed device 16 of merger cylinder, the discharge capacity of such motor will correspondingly increase.Changing engine displacement flexibly according to different loading demands can effective energy saving.And the more important thing is, when the opposed device 16 of cylinders some in drive system breaks down, can be derailed at once be exited drive system, do not affect the normal work of the opposed device of other cylinders 16, therefore motor can not quit work because of the fault of an opposed device 16 of cylinder in drive system.This advantage, is particularly suitable for being applied on aviation and navigation equipment, militarily needs this motor especially.Drive system Placement in addition owing to being combined into the opposed device 16 of cylinder is simple, through well-designed, change the opposed device of cylinder easy just as more changing the bulb, brings great convenience to use technology.
In order to improve smoothness that motor runs and increase the output power of motor, as shown in Figure 6, power output gear 17 can be arranged on the middle part of d-axis 19, and d-axis 19 the other end also fixed vertical connect a crank device, crank 20 direction of extension of this crank device is contrary with crank 20 direction of extension of d-axis 19 one end crank device, this crank device is also equipped with the opposed device 16 of cylinder to drive, form one is carried out push and pull simultaneously respectively to the crank device at two ends driving by the opposed device 16 of the cylinder at two ends thus, and then the push-and-pull output unit driving d-axis 19 and power output gear 17 to rotate.When d-axis 19 is driven by one-sided crank 20, the acting bursting point of the opposed device 16 of one-sided cylinder is respectively on 0 ° of power output gear 17 motion circumference and 180 ° of two phase angles, and power output gear 17 often rotates a circle and can obtain twice acting outburst and drive; When d-axis by the crank 20 of bilateral carry out driving form push-and-pull output unit time, the acting bursting point of the opposed device 16 of cylinder of both sides is respectively on 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° four phase angles of power output gear 17 motion circumference, therefore power output gear 17 often rotates a circle and can obtain four acting outburst drivings, it rotates more steady, and output power too increases one times.
As the method for aforementioned increase output power, as shown in Figure 7, the opposed device 16 of cylinder at described push-and-pull output unit two ends also can all be set to two, be arranged in parallel within the both sides of orbit determination piston 23, the acting piston 2 of the opposed device 16 of two cylinders is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston 23 by connecting sheet 24, makes the acting piston 2 on orbit determination piston 23 and both sides keep synchronous reciprocating to move.Further, as shown in Figure 8, on the opposed device of cylinder 16 of orbit determination piston 23 both sides, described push-and-pull output unit two ends, overlap increases the opposed device 16 of multiple cylinder respectively again, the opposed device 16 of cylinder of both sides links into an integrated entity with connecting plate 25 respectively, the opposed device 16 of all cylinders is made to form the drive system of a synchronous interaction, in drive system, the merger of the opposed device of each cylinder 16 or derailing are by automatically controlled control, thus realize variable displacement.
In addition, in order to obtain larger power stage and better degree of operating steadily, as shown in Figure 9, described motor can arrange a power stage line shaft 27 paralleled with the d-axis 19 of push-and-pull output unit, power stage line shaft 27 is provided with intermediate gear 26, intermediate gear 26 be circumferentially evenly equipped with some push-and-pull output units, the power output gear 17 of each push-and-pull output unit is all meshed with intermediate gear 26, the power stage of each push-and-pull output unit is gathered to power stage line shaft 27 by intermediate gear 26, more always exports.Such power stage line shaft 27 often circle can obtain repeatedly the opposed device 17 of cylinder acting outburst, and each bursting point is along power stage line shaft 27 circumference uniform distribution, push-and-pull output unit arranges more, and the output power that motor obtains is larger, and its operation is also more steady.
Claims (8)
1. the Crankless engine with the opposed device of cylinder, it is characterized in that: described motor comprises d-axis (19), power output gear (17), crank device and the opposed device of cylinder (16), wherein crank device comprises connecting rod (21), crank (20) and orbit determination piston (23), orbit determination piston (23) is the piston of a motion in fixing railroad shoe (22), one end and orbit determination piston (23) end of connecting rod (21) are movably hinged, one end of the other end and crank (20) is movably hinged, the other end fixed vertical of crank (20) connects one end of d-axis (19), power output gear (17) is fixedly mounted on d-axis (19), the opposed device of described cylinder (16) is arranged in parallel with orbit determination piston (23), and its acting piston (2) is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston (23) by connecting sheet (24), makes orbit determination piston (23) and acting piston (2) keep being synchronized with the movement,
The opposed device of described cylinder (16) comprises two opposed acting cylinders (1), the acting piston (2) of two actings cylinder (1) is opposed to link into an integrated entity, two actings cylinder (1) break out acting in turn and drive acting piston (2) to move reciprocatingly, the side of two actings cylinder (1) is also parallel is provided with two opposed pressurized cylinders (3), the charged piston (4) of two pressurized cylinders (3) is also opposed to link into an integrated entity, and acting piston (2) and charged piston (4) are linked together by contiguous block (5) and realize being synchronized with the movement; Described acting cylinder (1) rear end is provided with acting intake valve (6) and oil nozzle (7), and side, front end is provided with relief opening (8); Described charged piston (4) area is greater than acting piston (2) area, pressurized cylinder (3) rear end is provided with supercharging gas transmission door (9) and super charge door (10), and the supercharging gas transmission door (9) of two pressurized cylinders (3) is connected respectively by the acting intake valve (6) of pneumatic tube (11) with the acting cylinder (3) of its subtend.
2. motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: acting piston (2) and charged piston (4) inside of the opposed device of described cylinder (16) are equipped with hollow storehouse (12), there is lubricant oil inside, and is equipped with the oilhole (14) that some and hollow storehouse (12) is connected in the oil ring groove of piston (2,4).
3. motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the opposed device of described cylinder (16) is set to two, be arranged in parallel within the both sides of orbit determination piston (23), the acting piston (2) of the opposed device of two cylinder (16) is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston (23) by connecting sheet (24), makes the acting piston (2) on orbit determination piston (23) and both sides keep synchronous reciprocating motion.
4. motor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: on the opposed device of cylinder (16) of orbit determination piston (23) both sides, overlap increases the opposed device of multiple cylinder (16) respectively again, the opposed device of cylinder (16) of both sides uses connecting plate (25) to link into an integrated entity respectively, the opposed device of all cylinders (16) is made to form the drive system of a synchronous interaction, in drive system the opposed device of each cylinder (16) merger or derailing by automatically controlled control, thus realize variable displacement export.
5. motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: middle part power output gear (17) being arranged on d-axis (19), and d-axis (19) the other end also fixed vertical connect a crank device, crank (20) direction of extension of this crank device is contrary with crank (20) direction of extension of d-axis (19) one end crank device, this crank device is also equipped with the opposed device of cylinder (16) to drive, form one is carried out push and pull simultaneously respectively to the crank device at two ends driving by the opposed device of the cylinder at two ends (16) thus, and then the push-and-pull output unit driving d-axis (19) and power output gear (17) to rotate.
6. motor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the opposed device of cylinder (16) at described push-and-pull output unit two ends is all set to two, be arranged in parallel within the both sides of orbit determination piston (23), the acting piston (2) of the opposed device of two cylinder (16) is fixedly connected with orbit determination piston (23) by connecting sheet (24), makes the acting piston (2) on orbit determination piston (23) and both sides keep synchronous reciprocating motion.
7. motor according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: on the opposed device of cylinder (16) of orbit determination piston (23) both sides, described push-and-pull output unit two ends, overlap increases the opposed device of multiple cylinder (16) respectively again, the opposed device of cylinder (16) of both sides uses connecting plate (25) to link into an integrated entity respectively, the opposed device of all cylinders (16) is made to form the drive system of a synchronous interaction, the opposed device of each cylinder (16) by its merger of automatically controlled control or derailing, thus realizes variable displacement.
8. motor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described motor arranges a power stage line shaft (27) paralleled with the d-axis (19) of push-and-pull output unit, power stage line shaft (27) is provided with intermediate gear (26), intermediate gear (26) be circumferentially evenly equipped with some push-and-pull output units, the power output gear (17) of each push-and-pull output unit is all meshed with intermediate gear (26), the power stage of each push-and-pull output unit is gathered to power stage line shaft (27) by intermediate gear (26), more always exports.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520507045.8U CN204783264U (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2015-07-14 | Take no bent axle engine of cylinder opposition device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520507045.8U CN204783264U (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2015-07-14 | Take no bent axle engine of cylinder opposition device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204783264U true CN204783264U (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520507045.8U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204783264U (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2015-07-14 | Take no bent axle engine of cylinder opposition device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204783264U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104929769A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-09-23 | 梁廷容 | Non-crankshaft engine with air cylinder contraposition device |
| CN106285935A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-01-04 | 梁廷容 | A kind of have Novel crankshaft connecting rod mechanism without head engine |
-
2015
- 2015-07-14 CN CN201520507045.8U patent/CN204783264U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104929769A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-09-23 | 梁廷容 | Non-crankshaft engine with air cylinder contraposition device |
| CN104929769B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-05-31 | 梁廷容 | A kind of Crankless engine with the opposed device of cylinder |
| CN106285935A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-01-04 | 梁廷容 | A kind of have Novel crankshaft connecting rod mechanism without head engine |
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Legal Events
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20151118 Effective date of abandoning: 20170531 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |