CN204664055U - Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder - Google Patents
Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN204664055U CN204664055U CN201520197152.5U CN201520197152U CN204664055U CN 204664055 U CN204664055 U CN 204664055U CN 201520197152 U CN201520197152 U CN 201520197152U CN 204664055 U CN204664055 U CN 204664055U
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- hole
- steel ball
- peripheral surface
- brake slipper
- piston rod
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder, belong to hydraulic cylinder structure technical field.Oil hydraulic cylinder inside is divided into pressure chamber, rodless cavity and rod chamber by piston and brake slipper, and wherein pressure chamber is connected by one-way valve with rodless cavity, and pressure oil can only enter rodless cavity from pressure chamber under pressure; Pressure chamber and rod chamber are by the expanding channels on piston rod, and its end is provided with the steel ball playing one-way valve effect, and pressure oil can only enter rod chamber from pressure chamber under pressure.Hydraulic cylinder piston rod of the present utility model is energy auto lock full reduced time time, even if oil hydraulic cylinder generation internal leakage also can keep reliable locking.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder, belongs to hydraulic cylinder structure technical field.
Background technique
Self-locking hydraulic cylinder is in engineering field demand widely, such as in the mechanical field of numerous launching and recovering equipments such as metallurgy, colliery, hydraulic unit can prevent from when quitting work being subjected to displacement under external force or deadweight (oil hydraulic cylinder stands up) effect to make workpiece, needs hydraulic locking cylinder.
Current oil hydraulic cylinder mainly relies on the mode of shutoff pressure oil to carry out locked hydraulic cylinder, easily reveals, and occurs " underbalance effect " and " soft leg phenomenon ", much improves product, fundamentally do not solve the problem although have.Hydraulic lock is when remaining on certain position for a long time, and due to problems such as pressure oil leakages, precision does not often reach requirement, and when there is oil path failure, precision and reliability just more cannot ensure; Hydraulic lock often all needs the multiple auxiliary element such as one-way valve, selector valve to coordinate to realize locking loop, and the use of these elements makes whole device take up room greatly, and meanwhile, oil circuit increases and easily leaks, and causes maintenance and use inconvenient.
Model utility content
The utility model provides a kind of powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic cylinder piston rod can realize automatic locking full reduced time time, even if occurring in oil hydraulic cylinder to leak also can not have an impact to locking state.
A kind of powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder, comprises cylinder cap, spring, brake slipper, baffle plate, locking block, one-way valve, steel ball, steel ball rack, piston, steel ball, cylinder barrel, guide sleeve and piston rod;
The end face of described cylinder cap is processed with circular groove vertically, in circular groove, is formed centrally newel, machining center counterbore on newel;
The profile of described brake slipper is made up of the different cylindrical section of two sections of diameters, the intersection of two sections of cylinders forms right angle platform terrace, the end face of small-diameter circular shell of column is conical surface transition between outer peripheral surface, described brake slipper has center via hole, the end face of large-diameter circular shell of column one end expands step hole, and this step hole is for holding the newel of cylinder cap inside; The end face of described brake slipper small-diameter circular shell of column is also processed with one-way valve mounting hole, the step hole of this mounting hole through large-diameter circular shell of column one end vertically;
Described locking block is circle structure, and its inner peripheral surface is processed the circular groove of circumference, the bottom surface of circular groove is arc shaped surface;
The outer peripheral surface of described piston rod is divided into three grades by diameter, the largest diameter of the first order, and secondly, the third level is minimum, and second level outer peripheral surface is processed with screw thread in the second level; Described piston rod is processed with oil-through hole, and one end of oil-through hole is positioned at the end face of third level diameter section, and the other end is positioned on the outer peripheral surface of first order diameter section, and this end is processed with the step hole placing steel ball, and the degree of depth of step hole is greater than the diameter of steel ball;
Described steel ball rack is the cylindrical structural with screwed hole of centre, its one end is processed with cylindrical boss, the other end is processed with the counterbore coordinated with the small-diameter circular shell of column of brake slipper, the wall thickness circumferentially uniform steel ball mounting hole that counterbore is corresponding, steel ball mounting hole is coniform hole by straight hole transition, steel ball loads from the straight hole section of outer peripheral surface, and taper hole section restriction steel ball is deviate to counterbore inner; Described steel ball rack is also processed with oil-through hole, the outer peripheral surface of the through steel ball rack of oil-through hole and counterbore;
Described piston also has screwed hole of centre, and its two ends are step hole structure, and the step hole of one end coordinates with the cylindrical boss of steel ball rack, and the right angle platform terrace that the other end is formed with the first order and the second level outer peripheral surface of piston rod coordinates;
Described cylinder barrel is processed with rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port and rod chamber hydraulic fluid port;
Its integrated connection closes: described cylinder cap and guide sleeve are fixedly connected on the two ends of cylinder barrel respectively, described piston rod first order outer peripheral surface coordinates with the center hole of guide sleeve, described piston and steel ball rack are fixing on the piston rod by the screw thread on the outer peripheral surface of the piston rod second level successively, the third level outer peripheral surface of described piston rod and the center hole of brake slipper are sealed and matched and go deep in the center counterbore of cylinder cap, when piston rod extend out to stroke limit position, the third level outer peripheral surface maintenance of piston rod and being sealed and matched of brake slipper center hole;
Described steel ball is placed in the steel ball mounting hole in steel ball rack, and described steel ball is placed in the step hole of oil-through hole on piston rod, and steel ball is limited in step hole by the top bar inner peripheral surface in hole of piston; Described brake slipper, baffle plate and locking block are fixedly connected on cylinder barrel inside by cylinder cap, the large-diameter circular shell of column of described brake slipper and the internal face of cylinder cap circular groove are sealed and matched, toroidal cavity between the step hole of brake slipper and cylinder cap newel is built with spring, conflict with the bottom surface of cylinder cap circular groove and the step surface of brake slipper step hole respectively in the two ends of spring, leave gap between the end face of brake slipper and the bottom surface of cylinder cap circular groove, described one-way valve is arranged in the one-way valve mounting hole of brake slipper; The cavity that described cylinder cap internal surface and brake slipper surround formation is pressure chamber, the rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port on described cylinder barrel and rod chamber hydraulic fluid port corresponding rodless cavity and rod chamber respectively.
Further, described cylinder barrel and guide sleeve are also processed with radial bleed outlet, described guide sleeve are provided with the U-shaped seal ring of twice, the U-shaped seal ring of described twice is positioned at the both sides of bleed outlet along the axis of guide sleeve; Can the hydraulic pressure of the withstand large degree of depth when such scheme can guarantee that oil hydraulic cylinder works under water, if after hydraulic pressure breaks through the U-shaped seal ring of first, seep water and to be discharged by bleed outlet, the U-shaped seal ring of second continues the effect playing sealing.
Further; also comprise dirt-scrapping ring; described dirt-scrapping ring is fixedly mounted on the end of guide sleeve; the inner peripheral surface of described dirt-scrapping ring and the periphery of piston rod are fitted; dirt-scrapping ring can scrape off the solid dirt being attached to piston rod surface in the process of piston rod retraction; the Sealing of protection guide sleeve inside, extends the working life of Sealing.
Beneficial effect
1, hydraulic cylinder piston rod of the present utility model realizes machine automatization locking by the cooperation of locking block, steel ball rack and steel ball full reduced time time, even if oil hydraulic cylinder generation internal leakage, steel ball also can firmly be locked; When needing to unlock, pass into pressure oil to rodless cavity and reach unlocking pressure, oil hydraulic cylinder can unlock, and has and locks reliable and unlock easy feature.
2, steel ball rack of the present utility model and piston are with piston rod and are threaded, and piston and steel ball rack adopt screw to be fixedly connected with, and steel ball rack and piston can play the effect of locking each other.
3, pressure chamber of the present utility model and rodless cavity, rod chamber all adopt one-way valve structures to form oil hydraulic circuit, can ensure can not because of pocketed oil, brake slipper resistance to motion sharply be increased and then cause completing the locking and unlocking action in pressure chamber.During locking, rod chamber pressurizes, steel ball meeting closed piston bar oil passage, and spring is in compression process, and brake slipper can move to pressure chamber direction, and pressure chamber volume reduces, and inner fluid generation pressure is pushed one-way valve open and entered in rodless cavity; During unblock, rodless cavity pressurizes, and one-way valve can close tightly, and spring is in compression process, and brake slipper can move to pressure chamber direction, and pressure chamber volume reduces, and inner fluid generation pressure is pushed steel ball open and entered in rod chamber.
4, the steel ball mounting hole degree of depth on the utility model piston rod is greater than diameter of the steel ball, be convenient to steel ball move, local, aperture upper end is blocked by the end face of piston, limit steel ball by the local of piston and depart from steel ball mounting hole, said structure defines a simple one-way valve, said structure simple and reliable and be easy to processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder of the utility model is about to enter locking state;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder locking state of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1.
Wherein: 1--cylinder cap, 2-spring, 3-brake slipper, 4-baffle plate, 5-locking block, 6-one-way valve, 7-steel ball, 8-rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port, 9-steel ball rack, 10-piston, 11-steel ball, 12-cylinder barrel, 13-rod chamber hydraulic fluid port, 14-guide sleeve, 15-bleed outlet, 16-dirt-scrapping ring, 17-piston rod, 18-pressure chamber, 19-rodless cavity, 20-rod chamber.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder of the present utility model comprises cylinder cap 1, spring 2, brake slipper 3, baffle plate 4, locking block 5, one-way valve 6, steel ball 7, steel ball rack 9, piston 10, steel ball 11, cylinder barrel 12, guide sleeve 14, dirt-scrapping ring 16 and piston rod 17;
The end face of described cylinder cap 1 is processed with circular groove vertically, in circular groove, is formed centrally newel, machining center counterbore on newel;
The profile of described brake slipper 3 is made up of the different cylindrical section of two sections of diameters, the intersection of two sections of cylinders forms right angle platform terrace, the end face of small-diameter circular shell of column is conical surface transition between outer peripheral surface, described brake slipper 3 has center via hole, the end face of large-diameter circular shell of column one end expands step hole, and this step hole is for holding the newel of cylinder cap inside; The end face of described brake slipper 3 small-diameter circular shell of column is also processed with one-way valve mounting hole, the step hole of this mounting hole through large-diameter circular shell of column one end vertically;
Described locking block 5 is circle structure, and its inner peripheral surface is processed the circular groove of circumference, the bottom surface of circular groove is arc shaped surface;
The outer peripheral surface of described piston rod 17 is divided into three grades by diameter, the largest diameter of the first order, and secondly, the third level is minimum, and second level outer peripheral surface is processed with screw thread in the second level; Described piston rod 17 is processed with oil-through hole, and one end of oil-through hole is positioned at the end face of third level diameter section, and the other end is positioned on the outer peripheral surface of first order diameter section, and this end is processed with the step hole placing steel ball, and the degree of depth of step hole is greater than the diameter of steel ball 11;
Described steel ball rack 9 is for having the cylindrical structural of screwed hole of centre, its one end is processed with cylindrical boss, the other end is processed with the counterbore coordinated with the small-diameter circular shell of column of brake slipper 3, the wall thickness circumferentially uniform steel ball mounting hole that counterbore is corresponding, steel ball mounting hole is coniform hole by straight hole transition, steel ball loads from the straight hole section of outer peripheral surface, and taper hole section restriction steel ball is deviate to counterbore inner; Described steel ball rack 9 is also processed with oil-through hole, the outer peripheral surface of the through steel ball rack 9 of oil-through hole and counterbore;
Described piston 10 also has screwed hole of centre, and its two ends are step hole structure, and the step hole of one end coordinates with the cylindrical boss of steel ball rack 9, and the right angle platform terrace that the other end is formed with the first order and the second level outer peripheral surface of piston rod coordinates;
Described cylinder barrel 12 is processed with rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port 8, rod chamber hydraulic fluid port 13 and bleed outlet 15, described guide sleeve 14 is also processed with the bleed outlet corresponding with bleed outlet 15 on cylinder barrel 12, guide sleeve 14 is provided with the U-shaped seal ring of twice, the U-shaped seal ring of described twice is positioned at the both sides of bleed outlet 15 along the axis of guide sleeve 14;
Its integrated connection closes: described cylinder cap 1 and guide sleeve 14 are fixedly connected on the two ends of cylinder barrel 12 respectively, described piston rod 17 first order outer peripheral surface coordinates with the center hole of guide sleeve 14, described piston 10 and steel ball rack 9 are fixed on piston rod 17 by the screw thread on the outer peripheral surface of piston rod 17 second level successively, the third level outer peripheral surface of described piston rod 17 and the center hole of brake slipper 3 are sealed and matched and go deep in the center counterbore of cylinder cap 1, when piston rod 17 extend out to stroke limit position, the third level outer peripheral surface maintenance of piston rod 17 and being sealed and matched of brake slipper 3 center hole, described dirt-scrapping ring 16 is fixedly mounted on the end of guide sleeve 14, and the inner peripheral surface of described dirt-scrapping ring 16 and the periphery of piston rod 17 are fitted,
Described steel ball is placed in the steel ball mounting hole in steel ball rack 9, and described steel ball 11 is placed in the step hole of oil-through hole on piston rod 17, and steel ball 11 is limited in step hole by the top bar inner peripheral surface in hole of piston 10, as shown in Figure 3; It is inner that described brake slipper 3, baffle plate 4 and locking block 5 are fixedly connected on cylinder barrel 12 by cylinder cap 1, the large-diameter circular shell of column of described brake slipper 3 and the internal face of cylinder cap 1 circular groove are sealed and matched, toroidal cavity between the step hole of brake slipper 3 and cylinder cap 1 newel is built with spring 2, conflict with the bottom surface of cylinder cap 1 circular groove and the step surface of brake slipper 3 step hole respectively in the two ends of spring 2, leave gap between the end face of brake slipper 3 and the bottom surface of cylinder cap 1 circular groove, described one-way valve 6 is arranged in the one-way valve mounting hole of brake slipper 3; The cavity that described cylinder cap 1 internal surface and brake slipper 3 surround formation is pressure chamber 18, the rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port 8 on described cylinder barrel 12 and rod chamber hydraulic fluid port 13 corresponding rodless cavity 19 and rod chamber 20 respectively.
Oil hydraulic cylinder locking process as shown in Figure 1, oil pressure is added from rod chamber hydraulic fluid port 13, oil pressure promotes piston rod 17 and retracts, in retraction process, steel ball rack 9 moves on the conical surface of brake slipper 3 reduced diameter section with steel ball 7 together, due to oil pressure effect, steel ball rack 9 continues to move toward pressure chamber 18 direction, steel ball 7 promotes brake slipper 3 and moves together, in this process, brake slipper 3 Compress Spring 2 is until brake slipper 3 left side and cylinder cap 1 end contact, steel ball 7 moves to below the groove of locking block 5 inner headed face with steel ball rack 9 gradually, due to the jacking effect of the brake slipper 3 right-hand member conical surface, steel ball 7 is headed in the groove of locking block 5 inner headed face, steel ball 7 now no longer limits brake slipper 3 and moves, due to the thrust of spring 2, brake slipper 3 moves to rodless cavity direction, until it is stopped by baffle plate 4, oil hydraulic cylinder is in complete lock state, as shown in Figure 2.In this locking process, the unnecessary hydraulic oil of pressure chamber 18 enters in rodless cavity 19 through one-way valve 6.
Oil hydraulic cylinder releasing process: add oil pressure from rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port 8, oil pressure produces the power F1 to rod chamber 20 direction to steel ball rack 9, and oil pressure produces the power F2 to pressure chamber 18 direction to brake slipper 3 simultaneously.After F1 overcomes spring force, promote brake slipper 3 toward the motion of pressure chamber 18 direction, brake slipper 3 move to its right-hand member conical surface below steel ball 7 time, steel ball 7 departs from the groove of locking block 5 inner headed face under steel ball rack 9 acts on, and depart from from the brake slipper 3 right-hand member conical surface, complete releasing process.Brake slipper 3 moves to reset to rod chamber 19 direction under the thrust of spring 2.In this releasing process, the unnecessary hydraulic oil of pressure chamber 18 backs down steel ball 11 through piston rod 17 inner passage and enters in rod chamber 20, as shown in Figure 3.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, be not intended to limit protection domain of the present utility model.All within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (3)
1. powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder, it is characterized in that, comprise cylinder cap (1), spring (2), brake slipper (3), baffle plate (4), locking block (5), one-way valve (6), steel ball (7), steel ball rack (9), piston (10), steel ball (11), cylinder barrel (12), guide sleeve (14) and piston rod (17);
The end face of described cylinder cap (1) is processed with circular groove vertically, in circular groove, is formed centrally newel, machining center counterbore on newel;
The profile of described brake slipper (3) is made up of the different cylindrical section of two sections of diameters, the intersection of two sections of cylinders forms right angle platform terrace, the end face of small-diameter circular shell of column is conical surface transition between outer peripheral surface, described brake slipper (3) has center via hole, the end face of large-diameter circular shell of column one end expands step hole, and this step hole is for holding the newel of cylinder cap inside; The end face of described brake slipper (3) small-diameter circular shell of column is also processed with one-way valve mounting hole, the step hole of this mounting hole through large-diameter circular shell of column one end vertically;
Described locking block (5) is circle structure, and its inner peripheral surface is processed the circular groove of circumference, the bottom surface of circular groove is arc shaped surface;
The outer peripheral surface of described piston rod (17) is divided into three grades by diameter, the largest diameter of the first order, and secondly, the third level is minimum, and second level outer peripheral surface is processed with screw thread in the second level; (17) are processed with oil-through hole to described piston rod, one end of oil-through hole is positioned at the end face of third level diameter section, the other end is positioned on the outer peripheral surface of first order diameter section, and this end is processed with the step hole placing steel ball, and the degree of depth of step hole is greater than the diameter of steel ball (11);
Described steel ball rack (9) is for having the cylindrical structural of screwed hole of centre, its one end is processed with cylindrical boss, the other end is processed with the counterbore coordinated with the small-diameter circular shell of column of brake slipper (3), the wall thickness circumferentially uniform steel ball mounting hole that counterbore is corresponding, steel ball mounting hole is coniform hole by straight hole transition, steel ball (7) loads from the straight hole section of outer peripheral surface, and taper hole section restriction steel ball (7) is deviate to counterbore inner; (9) are also processed with oil-through hole to described steel ball rack, the outer peripheral surface of the through steel ball rack of oil-through hole (9) and counterbore;
Described piston (10) also has screwed hole of centre, its two ends are step hole structure, the step hole of one end coordinates with the cylindrical boss of steel ball rack (9), and the right angle platform terrace that the other end is formed with the first order and the second level outer peripheral surface of piston rod coordinates;
Described cylinder barrel (12) is processed with rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port (8) and rod chamber hydraulic fluid port (13);
Its integrated connection closes: described cylinder cap (1) and guide sleeve (14) are fixedly connected on the two ends of cylinder barrel (12) respectively, described piston rod (17) first order outer peripheral surface coordinates with the center hole of guide sleeve (14), described piston (10) and steel ball rack (9) are fixed on piston rod (17) by the screw thread on the outer peripheral surface of piston rod (17) second level successively, the third level outer peripheral surface of described piston rod (17) and the center hole of brake slipper (3) are sealed and matched and go deep in the center counterbore of cylinder cap (1), when piston rod (17) extend out to stroke limit position, the third level outer peripheral surface maintenance of piston rod (17) and being sealed and matched of brake slipper (3) center hole,
Described steel ball (7) is placed in the steel ball mounting hole in steel ball rack (9), described steel ball (11) is placed in the step hole of the upper oil-through hole of piston rod (17), and steel ball (11) is limited in step hole by the top bar inner peripheral surface in hole of piston (10), described brake slipper (3), it is inner that baffle plate (4) and locking block (5) are fixedly connected on cylinder barrel (12) by cylinder cap (1), the large-diameter circular shell of column of described brake slipper (3) and the internal face of cylinder cap (1) circular groove are sealed and matched, toroidal cavity between the step hole of brake slipper (3) and cylinder cap (1) newel is built with spring (2), conflict with the bottom surface of cylinder cap (1) circular groove and the step surface of brake slipper (3) step hole respectively in the two ends of spring (2), gap is left between the end face of brake slipper (3) and the bottom surface of cylinder cap (1) circular groove, described one-way valve (6) is arranged in the one-way valve mounting hole of brake slipper (3), the cavity that described cylinder cap (1) internal surface and brake slipper (3) surround formation is pressure chamber (18), the rodless cavity hydraulic fluid port (8) on described cylinder barrel (12) and rod chamber hydraulic fluid port (13) corresponding rodless cavity (19) and rod chamber (20) respectively.
2. powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cylinder barrel (12) and guide sleeve (14) are also processed with radial bleed outlet (15), described guide sleeve (14) is provided with the U-shaped seal ring of twice, the U-shaped seal ring of described twice is positioned at the both sides of bleed outlet (15) along the axis of guide sleeve (14).
3. powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise dirt-scrapping ring (16), described dirt-scrapping ring (16) is fixedly mounted on the end of guide sleeve (14), and the inner peripheral surface of described dirt-scrapping ring (16) and the periphery of piston rod (17) are fitted.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201520197152.5U CN204664055U (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2015-04-02 | Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder |
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CN201520197152.5U CN204664055U (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2015-04-02 | Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder |
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CN201520197152.5U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204664055U (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2015-04-02 | Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104776084A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-15 | 中船重工中南装备有限责任公司 | Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder |
CN107299923A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-10-27 | 泸州长信液压机械制造有限公司 | The tight device of mechanical lock of hydraulic cylinder, mechanical locking hydraulic jack and its locking method |
CN110397319A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-01 | 颜告娟 | A kind of shock-proof type people's air defense parking stall structure |
CN112032214A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-04 | 清华大学苏州汽车研究院(吴江) | Clutch actuating mechanism with self-locking compensation structure |
-
2015
- 2015-04-02 CN CN201520197152.5U patent/CN204664055U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104776084A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-15 | 中船重工中南装备有限责任公司 | Powerful mechanical self-locking hydraulic cylinder |
CN107299923A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-10-27 | 泸州长信液压机械制造有限公司 | The tight device of mechanical lock of hydraulic cylinder, mechanical locking hydraulic jack and its locking method |
CN110397319A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-01 | 颜告娟 | A kind of shock-proof type people's air defense parking stall structure |
CN112032214A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-04 | 清华大学苏州汽车研究院(吴江) | Clutch actuating mechanism with self-locking compensation structure |
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Legal Events
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C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20150923 Effective date of abandoning: 20161012 |
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C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |