CN204632878U - Safety lithium ion cell - Google Patents

Safety lithium ion cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204632878U
CN204632878U CN201520340713.2U CN201520340713U CN204632878U CN 204632878 U CN204632878 U CN 204632878U CN 201520340713 U CN201520340713 U CN 201520340713U CN 204632878 U CN204632878 U CN 204632878U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lithium ion
ion cell
battery core
safety lithium
construction body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn - After Issue
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CN201520340713.2U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何向明
杨永
李建军
王莉
张宏生
尚玉明
李国华
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tsinghua University
Jiangsu Huadong Institute of Li-ion Battery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tsinghua University
Jiangsu Huadong Institute of Li-ion Battery Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Tsinghua University, Jiangsu Huadong Institute of Li-ion Battery Co Ltd filed Critical Tsinghua University
Priority to CN201520340713.2U priority Critical patent/CN204632878U/en
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Publication of CN204632878U publication Critical patent/CN204632878U/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of safety lithium ion cell, comprises a base, a volume post, a housing, block and a battery core; Described volume post is arranged on described base, described battery core coiling is at the outer surface of described volume post, described housing covers in the outer surface of described battery core, and two ends are connected with described base and described block respectively and arrange, seal described battery core, described safety lithium ion cell comprises a safeguard construction body further, described safeguard construction body is arranged between described volume post and described battery core, described safeguard construction body comprises posterior limiting and multiple spicule, described multiple spicule to be arranged in described elastic layer and to have multiple tip, and the plurality of tip is pointed to described battery core and arranged.

Description

Safety lithium ion cell
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of safety lithium ion cell.
Background technology
In recent years, lithium ion battery due to have voltage high, recycle often, the advantage such as memory time is long, not only be widely used on a portable electronic device, and be widely used in the big-and-middle-sized electrical equipment aspects such as electric automobile, electric bicycle and electric tool.
Along with the extensive use of lithium ion battery, the safety of lithium ion battery is subject to increasing attention.Lithium ion battery of the prior art is in charge and discharge process, due to reasons such as electrode slice expansion, battery electrolyte inside decomposition gasifications, spacing between positive and negative electrode sheet in lithium ion battery can change, and cause the internal resistance of cell to change, battery safety is deteriorated, when gas buildup in battery, inside press through height, easily cause lithium ion battery burn or blast.
Utility model content
In view of this, necessaryly a kind of safety lithium ion cell is provided.
A kind of safety lithium ion cell, comprises a base, a volume post, a housing, block and a battery core; Described volume post is arranged on described base, described battery core coiling is at the outer surface of described volume post, described housing covers in the outer surface of described battery core, and two ends are connected with described base and described block respectively and arrange, seal described battery core, described safety lithium ion cell comprises a safeguard construction body further, described safeguard construction body is arranged between described volume post and described battery core, described safeguard construction body comprises posterior limiting and multiple spicule, described multiple spicule to be arranged in described elastic layer and to have multiple tip, and the plurality of tip is pointed to described battery core and arranged.
Relative to prior art, the safety lithium ion cell that the utility model provides has following beneficial effect: arrange safeguard construction body between volume post and battery core, this safeguard construction body comprises elastic layer and multiple spicule, multiple spicule to be arranged in elastic layer and to have multiple tip, and the plurality of tip is pointed to described battery core and arranged.When inside battery expands more than certain setting, the power of integral battery door can extrude described safeguard construction body, elastic layer contracts under the effect of extruding force, multiple spicules of elastic layer inside stretch out exposure from elastic layer, the described battery core of direct contact also punctures battery core, causes the Contact of battery plus-negative plate, causes internal short-circuit from inside by this battery, short circuit dischange is carried out to this battery, ensures the fail safe realizing lithium ion battery.In addition, when lithium ion battery is subject to external impact or outside acutely extrudes, also can make the contact of multiple spicule and battery core and puncture battery core, cause the Contact of battery plus-negative plate, thus make lithium ion battery carry out the electric discharge of little multiplying power, cause lithium ion battery to lose efficacy from inside, reach safe mode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view in the utility model safety lithium ion cell pond.
Fig. 2 is the element exploded view of the utility model safety lithium ion cell.
Fig. 3 be the utility model safety lithium ion cell along III-III line profile.
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of the volume post of the utility model safety lithium ion cell and the structure of base composition.
Fig. 5 (a) (b) is the profile that multiple spicules of safety lithium ion cell of the present invention are arranged in elastic layer.
Fig. 6 is the state diagram before and after the elastic layer of the utility model safety lithium ion cell is extruded.
Fig. 7 is the schematic perspective view of the battery core of the utility model safety lithium ion cell.
Fig. 8 is that the block of the utility model safety lithium ion cell is along VII-VII line profile.
Main element symbol description
Safety lithium ion cell 100
Base 10
Aspirating hole 11
Volume post 20
Barrel 21
Opening 22
Housing 30
Block 40
Top cover 41
Stem stem 42
Part I 421
Part II 422
Safeguard construction body 50
Elastic layer 51
Spicule 52
Battery core 60
Anode pole piece 61
The empty foil of positive pole 611
Barrier film 62
Negative pole 63
The empty foil of negative pole 631
Following embodiment will further illustrate the utility model in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
embodiment is described in further detail the safety lithium ion cell that the utility model provides below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the utility model first embodiment provides safety lithium ion cell 100.Described safety lithium ion cell 100 comprises a base 10, one volume post 20, one housing 30, one block 40, and a battery core 60, described volume post 20 is arranged on described base 10, described battery core 60 coiling is at the outer surface of described volume post 20, described housing 30 covers in the outer surface of described battery core 60, and two ends are connected with described base 10 and described block 40 respectively and arrange, seal described battery core 60, described safety lithium ion cell 100 comprises a safeguard construction body 50 further, described safeguard construction body 50 is arranged between described volume post 20 and described battery core 60, described safeguard construction body 50 comprises posterior limiting 51 and multiple spicule 52, described multiple spicule 52 to be arranged in described elastic layer 51 and to have multiple tip, the plurality of tip is pointed to described battery core 60 and is arranged.
Refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, described base 10 plays a supportive role, for supporting described volume post 20.Described base 10 can be arranged an aspirating hole 11, by applying certain pressure, extract the gas of in use described safety lithium ion cell 100 inside generation from described aspirating hole 11, make it form negative pressure, ensure the fail safe of described safety lithium ion cell 100.Preferably, described aspirating hole 11 is arranged on the center of described base 10, correspondingly with described volume post 20 arranges.The outward flange of described base 10 can have screw thread (not shown), arranges to facilitate to be connected with described housing 30.The material of described base 10 is electric conducting material.In the present embodiment, the material of described base 10 is the light-duty aluminium of hard.
Described volume post 20 is arranged on described base 10, and preferably, this volume post 20 is a hollow-core construction, and described volume post 20 comprises a barrel 21.In addition, this barrel 21 can have an opening 22, described opening 22 is for one end of fixing described battery core 60.The length of described opening 22 can be arranged according to the width of described battery core 60.Further, this volume post 20 is the hollow-core construction of a both ends open, and it is corresponding with described aspirating hole 11 and be communicated with that this volume post 20 and described base 10 connect the opening of one end.Described base 10 and described volume post 20 can be that two elements are connected also can be one-body molded.In the present embodiment, the barrel 21 of described volume post 20 has opening 22 described in, described base 10 and described volume post 20 are formed in one structure.The material of described volume post 20 is electric conducting material, thus the negative lug that described volume post 20 and described base 10 can be used as described safety lithium ion cell 100 uses.The material of described volume post 20 can also can be inconsistent with the consistent of described base 10 material.In the present embodiment, the material of described volume post 20 and the consistent of described base 10 material are the light-duty aluminium of hard.
Described safeguard construction body 50 is arranged at least part of outer surface of described volume post 20.When there is opening 22 described on the barrel 21 of described volume post 20, described safeguard construction body 50 is arranged at least part of outer surface of described volume post 20, and described opening 22 is exposed do not hidden by described safeguard construction body, so that described battery core 60 is fixed by this opening 22.Described safeguard construction body 50 comprises elastic layer 51 and multiple spicule 52, and the plurality of spicule 52 is arranged in described elastic layer 51.The plurality of spicule 52 has multiple tip, and described battery core 60 is pointed at the plurality of tip.
Described safety lithium ion cell 100 can comprise a described safeguard construction body 50 or multiple described safeguard construction body 50.When described safety lithium ion cell 100 comprises a described safeguard construction body 50, described safeguard construction body 50 can coiling at the whole outer surface of described volume post 20, or be arranged on the partial outer face of described volume post 20.When described safety lithium ion cell 100 comprises multiple described safeguard construction body 50, described multiple safeguard construction body 50 space set or side-by-side contact are arranged at least part of outer surface of described volume post 20.Described multiple safeguard construction body 50 along the axially-aligned of described volume post 20, also can arrange around described volume post 20.
Described elastic layer 51 is arranged between described multiple spicule 52 and described battery core 60 at least partly.Described elastic layer 51 has certain elastic shrinkage, in described safe lithium ion more than 100 charge and discharge process or in the case of crushing, described multiple tip can be made to expose and contact described battery core 60 and puncture described battery core 60 and form short circuit.In addition, the tip of described multiple spicule 52 is made to expose and contact with described battery core 60 as long as the hardness of described elastic layer 51 guarantees that follow-up described battery core 60 is not extruded in winding process.
As long as can ensure that multiple tips of described multiple spicule 52 are pointed to described battery core 60 and do not contact with described battery core 60, the mode that described multiple spicule 52 is arranged in described elastic layer 51 is not limit.Particularly, described elastic layer 51 can have a space, and described multiple spicule 52 is arranged in the described space of described elastic layer 51; Described multiple spicule 52 also can be embedded in described elastic layer 51.The shape of described elastic layer 51 is not limit, and can arrange according to actual needs, can be stratiform, column or tubulose.As shown in Fig. 5 (a), described elastic layer 51 is tubulose, and described elastic layer 51 can have a space, and described multiple spicule 52 is arranged in the described space of described elastic layer 51.As shown in Fig. 5 (b), described elastic layer 51 is column, and described multiple spicule 52 also can be embedded in described elastic layer 51.As long as can ensure that described battery core 60 is pointed at multiple tips of described multiple spicule 52, the fixed form of described multiple spicule 52 is not limit.Particularly, described multiple spicule 52 can be set directly at the outer surface described volume post 20 being fixed on described volume post 20, also can be embedded in described elastic layer 51 and be fixed by described elastic layer 51.The material of described elastic layer 51 is corrosion resistant non-conducting material.The material of described multiple spicule 52 is conducting metal.In the present embodiment, described elastic layer 51 is a layer structure, and described multiple spicule 52 is embedded in described elastic layer 51 and is fixed by described elastic layer 51, and the material of described multiple spicule 52 is gold.
In the inside charge and discharge process of battery, in battery pole piece, irreversible capacity can cause the thickening generation side reaction of battery pole piece, causes inside battery to expand, and carries out inside extruding mutually between pole piece.Refer to Fig. 6, when inside battery expands more than certain setting, the power of integral battery door can extrude described safeguard construction body 50, under the effect of extruding force, described elastic layer 51 shrinks, described multiple spicules 52 of described elastic layer 51 inside stretch out exposure from described elastic layer 51, the described battery core of direct contact 60 also punctures the barrier film of described battery core 60, cause the Contact of battery plus-negative plate, internal short-circuit is caused from inside by this battery, short circuit dischange is carried out to this battery, ensures the fail safe realizing lithium ion battery.In addition, when lithium ion battery is subject to external impact or outside acutely extrudes, also the contact of described multiple spicule 52 and described battery core 60 can be made, puncture the barrier film of described battery core 60, cause the Contact of battery plus-negative plate, thus make lithium ion battery carry out the electric discharge of little multiplying power, cause lithium ion battery to lose efficacy from inside, reach safe mode.
One end of described battery core 60 is fixed by the opening 22 on described volume post 20, and entirety is wound on the outer surface of described safeguard construction body 50.In described safety lithium ion cell 100 process of making, in order to avoid the outside making the tip of described multiple spicule 52 be exposed to described elastic layer 51, and contact with described battery core 60, when the outer surface of described safeguard construction body 50 reels described battery core 60, the dynamics also by controlling the described battery core 60 of winding ensures that described elastic layer 51 is not too extruded.Particularly, by adjusting the winding apparatus of lithium ion battery, can adjust elasticity during winding described battery core 60, when reeling when the first lap of described safeguard construction body 50, the size of adjustment power makes it too not extrude described safeguard construction body 50, to avoid causing the tip of multiple spicule 52 expose and contact with described battery core 60 in the manufacture process of described safety lithium ion cell 100.
Described battery core 60 comprises anode pole piece 61, barrier film 62 and a cathode pole piece 63 of stacked setting.Particularly, winding process can be commonly used according to battery, described anode pole piece 61, described barrier film 62 and described cathode pole piece 63 are wound on described volume post 20 mutually stackedly, form a coiling body.Described anode pole piece 61 in this coiling body and being arranged by described barrier film 62 interval between described cathode pole piece 63.
Refer to Fig. 7, described anode pole piece 61, described barrier film 62 and the stacked setting of described cathode pole piece 63.The end of described anode pole piece 61 has the empty foil 611 of a positive pole, and the end of described cathode pole piece 63 has the empty foil 631 of a negative pole.Described empty foil refers to the paillon foil not applying active material.Particularly, described anode pole piece 61, described barrier film 62 and described cathode pole piece 63 have an a Width D1 and length direction D2.When described battery core 60 is wound on described volume post 20, described Width D1 is vertical with described base 10.Described length direction D2 is vertical with described Width D1.The empty foil 631 of described negative pole is arranged on one end of the D2 along its length of described cathode pole piece 63, and not overlapping with described anode pole piece 61 and described barrier film 62 on described length direction D2.The empty foil 611 of described positive pole is arranged on one end of described anode pole piece 61 broad ways D1, and not overlapping with described cathode pole piece 63 and described barrier film 62 on described Width D1.
The empty foil 631 of negative pole of described cathode pole piece 63 is fixed on described volume post 20 by the opening 22 on described barrel 21.The empty foil 631 of described cathode pole piece 63 is fixed on described volume post 20 upper type by described opening 22 and does not limit, as long as ensure that the empty foil 631 of the negative pole of described cathode pole piece 63 is fixed on described volume post 20.In the present embodiment, the empty foil 631 of negative pole of described cathode pole piece 63 extend in described volume post 20 by described opening 22, arranging a bayonet unit blocks fixing at described opening 22 place by empty for the negative pole of the described cathode pole piece 63 extend in described volume post 20 foil 631, plays the effect of fixing described cathode pole piece 63.Described cathode pole piece 63 is fixed on described volume post 20 owing to not adopting traditional welding manner by this kind of mode, decreases the use of welding equipment, can reduce energy consumption.
On described Width D1, the length of described anode pole piece 61 is greater than the length of described barrier film 62 and described cathode pole piece 63.Particularly, on described Width D1, the part that the length of described anode pole piece 61 is longer than described barrier film 62 and described cathode pole piece 63 is the empty foil 611 of described positive pole.Therefore, after described battery core 60 is wound on described volume post 21, described anode pole piece 61 can it not be put down, higher than described barrier film 62 and described cathode pole piece 63 with described barrier film 62 and described cathode pole piece 63, and the empty foil 611 of described positive pole, can be used as the positive pole ear of described safety lithium ion cell 100.
The shape of described housing 30 is not limit, and can select according to actual needs.The material of described housing 30 is insulating material.In the present embodiment, the shape of described housing 30 is cylindric, and the material of described housing 30 is pottery.
Refer to Fig. 3, described housing 30 covers in the outer surface of described battery core 60, comprises the first end and the second end that are oppositely arranged.Described first end is connected with described base 10 and arranges, and described second end is connected with block 40 and arranges.Described first end and the second end can have screw thread (not shown), arrange to facilitate to be connected with described base 10 and described block 40.Preferably, before the first end of described housing 30 is connected with described base 10, the material that electrolyte resistance corrodes can be applied on the screw thread of the first end of described housing 30 and described base 10.In this example, described first end has female thread structure, can cooperatively interact with the external screw thread of described base 10, and described housing 30 is fixed together with described base 10.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, described block 40 is connected with described housing 30, and seals described battery core 60 together with described base 10.Particularly, refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 8, described block 40 comprises top cover 41 and a stem stem 42, and described stem stem 42 is connected with described top cover 41.Described top cover 41 is connected with described housing 30, and one end of described stem stem 42 is connected with described volume post 20, thus described block 40 is connected with described housing 30 arrange.
As long as can ensure that the shape of described top cover 41 is not limit in being connected with described housing 30, can be the reeded structure of a tool or a slab construction body.Described top cover 41 is conductive structures, can arrange, as the positive pole ear of described safety lithium ion cell 100 with empty foil 611 electrical contact of the positive pole of described anode pole piece 61.By this kind of set-up mode, make the lug of described safety lithium ion cell 100 expose many, the polarization of battery diminishes.The material of described top cover 41 can be electric conducting material.The shape of described top cover 41 is not limit, as long as can ensure that described top cover 41 can link together with described housing 30.In the present embodiment, the shape of described top cover 41 is the reeded structure of a tool, in similar inverted U.
The solid cylindrical structure that described stem stem 42 is made up of Part I 421 and Part II 422.Described Part I 421 is different from the diameter of described Part II 422, and the diameter of described Part I 421 is greater than and the diameter stating Part II 422.The material of described stem stem 42 is electrolyte resistance and the material of not easy conductive.In the present embodiment, the material of described stem stem 42 is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Particularly, described top cover 41 is connected with described housing 30, and described Part I 421 is connected with described top cover 41, and described Part II 422 is connected with described volume post 20.Described top cover 41 is not limit with described volume post 21 connected mode with described top cover 41 and described Part II 422 with described housing 30, described Part I 421, as long as can ensure that described top cover 41 is connected with described housing 30, described Part I 421 is connected with described top cover 41, and described Part II 422 is connected with described volume post 20.Particularly, the form can adopt bonding, fixing, is connected described top cover 41 with described volume post 20 with described top cover 41 and described Part II 422 with described housing 30, described Part I 421.In the present embodiment, with described volume post 21 junction, line screw thread is all set for being connected with described top cover 41 junction and described Part II 422 with described housing 30 junction, described Part I 421 at described top cover 41.
The diameter of the Part II 422 of described stem stem 42 equals the internal diameter rolling up post 20 described in tubular.Part I 421 and the semidiameter of Part II 422 of described stem stem 42 equal the thickness of the barrel 21 of described volume post 20.
The safety lithium ion cell that the utility model provides has following beneficial effect: arrange safeguard construction body between volume post and battery core, this safeguard construction body comprises elastic layer and multiple spicule, multiple spicule to be arranged in elastic layer and to have multiple tip, and the plurality of tip is pointed to described battery core and arranged.When inside battery expands more than certain setting, the power of integral battery door can extrude described safeguard construction body, elastic layer contracts under the effect of extruding force, multiple spicules of elastic layer inside stretch out exposure from elastic layer, the described battery core of direct contact also punctures battery core, causes the Contact of battery plus-negative plate, causes internal short-circuit from inside by this battery, short circuit dischange is carried out to this battery, ensures the fail safe realizing lithium ion battery.In addition, when lithium ion battery is subject to external impact or outside acutely extrudes, also can make the contact of multiple spicule and battery core and puncture battery core, cause the Contact of battery plus-negative plate, thus make lithium ion battery carry out the electric discharge of little multiplying power, cause lithium ion battery to lose efficacy from inside, reach safe mode.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other changes in the utility model spirit, and certainly, these changes done according to the utility model spirit, all should be included within the utility model scope required for protection.

Claims (10)

1. a safety lithium ion cell, comprise a base, one volume post, one housing, one block, and a battery core, described volume post is arranged on described base, described battery core coiling is at the outer surface of described volume post, described housing covers in the outer surface of described battery core, and two ends are connected with described base and described block respectively and arrange, seal described battery core, it is characterized in that, described safety lithium ion cell comprises a safeguard construction body further, described safeguard construction body is arranged between described volume post and described battery core, described safeguard construction body comprises posterior limiting and multiple spicule, described multiple spicule to be arranged in described elastic layer and to have multiple tip, the plurality of tip is pointed to described battery core and is arranged.
2. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described elastic layer has elastic shrinkage, in described safety lithium ion cell internal expansion or when being extruded at described safety lithium ion cell, described multiple tip can be made to stretch out described elastic layer and puncture described battery core to cause described safety lithium ion cell short circuit.
3. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described safeguard construction body is arranged at least part of outer surface of described volume post.
4. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described safety lithium ion cell comprises a described safeguard construction body, and this safeguard construction body coiling is at the whole outer surface of described volume post.
5. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described safety lithium ion cell comprises multiple safeguard construction body, and described multiple safeguard construction body is disposed at least part of outer surface of described volume post.
6. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described safety lithium ion cell comprises multiple safeguard construction body, and described multiple safeguard construction body side-by-side contact is arranged at least part of outer surface of described volume post.
7. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described elastic layer is arranged between described multiple spicule and described battery core at least partly.
8. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described elastic layer has a space, and described multiple spicule is arranged in the described space of described elastic layer.
9. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described multiple spicule is embedded in described elastic layer.
10. safety lithium ion cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described battery core comprises the anode pole piece of stacked setting, barrier film and cathode pole piece, and described anode pole piece has the empty foil of positive pole, the empty foil of described positive pole and described block electrical contact are arranged, and make block as positive pole ear.
CN201520340713.2U 2015-05-25 2015-05-25 Safety lithium ion cell Withdrawn - After Issue CN204632878U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104882640A (en) * 2015-05-25 2015-09-02 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Safe lithium ion battery

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104882640A (en) * 2015-05-25 2015-09-02 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Safe lithium ion battery
WO2016188239A1 (en) * 2015-05-25 2016-12-01 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Safe lithium ion battery
CN104882640B (en) * 2015-05-25 2017-07-28 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Safety lithium ion cell

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