CN204461041U - Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln - Google Patents
Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN204461041U CN204461041U CN201520029810.XU CN201520029810U CN204461041U CN 204461041 U CN204461041 U CN 204461041U CN 201520029810 U CN201520029810 U CN 201520029810U CN 204461041 U CN204461041 U CN 204461041U
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- rotary kiln
- manganese dioxide
- urceolus
- dioxide reduction
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln, belong to metallurgical engineering field.Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln be by vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster the heating raw materials of process, reduction exothermic reaction, product water cool three processes order and lower structure in vertical tube, change into heating raw materials process in sleeve pipe by helical blade advance adverse grade and on reduction exothermic reaction+product cooling procedure rotate in managing suitable slope and under carry out the structure of countercurrent flow.Make the temperature-rise period of raw material and the temperature-fall period of product counter movement in same equipment, realize exchange heat, thus reduce the consumption of heating fuel and cooling water.The utility model consumes the energy in a large number by one, contaminated environment, and the production equipment consuming cooling water becomes one and seldom consumes the energy, few contaminated environment, and consuming the production equipment of cooling water less, is the innovation to manganese dioxide reduction roaster.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of Industrial Stoves, belongs to metallurgical engineering field.Specifically for the equipment of manganese dioxide roasting----countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln.
Background technology
Need the MnO in manganese ore to produce electrolytic manganese in manganese field of metallurgy
2roasting reduction becomes MnO, containing MnO
2manganese sand and anchracite duff Hybrid Heating start to carry out reduction reaction to 800 DEG C, reduction reaction is exothermic reaction, generates containing the product of MnO, product is completely cut off Air flow and then complete reduction process to 60 DEG C.Chemical reaction is wherein as follows:
2MnO
2+C＝2MnO+CO
2↑+174.6kJ
The prior art of manganese dioxide roasting apparatus has the multiple stoves such as Muffle furnace, converter, fluidized bed furnace and multitube shaft furnace, and common feature consumes the energy in a large number, contaminated environment, needs to develop a kind of new equipment and substitute existing equipment.Vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster is wherein only had to have larger advantage to put it over than other stoves.But vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster still exist power consumption high, the drawback of cooling effect difference.
Reference paper 1: Tian Zongping, You Xianjun, Peng Shunlian, Li Li. the research and apply of manganese dioxide reduction roaster. nation manganese industry, 2009,27 (2): 24-26.
Reference paper 2: Zeng Xiangbo. the technological progress and development direction of Chinese electrolytic manganese metal. China Metal net: 6 multitube Tecnored Process.
Reference paper 3: Zeng Xiangbo. " manganese dioxide reduction technique ". road visitor's bar bar. meeting paper.
Reference paper 4: vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster. the patent No.: 202810073937.
Utility model content
The utility model is in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, by in vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster the heating raw materials of process, reduction exothermic reaction, product water cool three processes order and lower structure in vertical tube, change into heating raw materials process in sleeve pipe by helical blade advance adverse grade and on reduction exothermic reaction+product cooling procedure in interior pipe rotates suitable slope and under carry out the structure of countercurrent flow.The temperature-rise period of raw material and the temperature-fall period of product counter movement in same equipment, realizes exchange heat, thus reduces the consumption of heating fuel and cooling water.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the utility model provides is countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln, and its innovative content is:
1. this equipment is made up of rotary kiln (2) and tripping sleeve (3), and tripping sleeve (3) is enclosed within outside rotary kiln; The countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction discharging opening (5) of rotary kiln seals with the water cooler (1) of its lower left and connects, and the flange port (23) of rotating cylinder (15) axis right connects with burner (4).Cold raw material manganese dioxide enters the revolving plow reclaimer (38) of frequency control from hopper (39), enter between tripping sleeve and rotary kiln through charging aperture (27), adverse grade under the promotion of helical blade (16) and upper with rotating cylinder (15) under rotary action suitable slope and under hot product manganese dioxide carry out sufficient heat exchange; When raw material manganese dioxide is preheating to 800 DEG C, start to carry out reduction reaction and arrive mouth (17) of turning back to enter in rotating cylinder (15); Reduction reaction is exothermic reaction, rotating cylinder (15) inner edge carry out reduction reaction limit along slope under, continue to lower the temperature after terminating reduction reaction under along slope, until the discharging opening (5) of rotary kiln (2), temperature drops to the process that about 250 DEG C complete cooling heat release.And then form product through the isolated Air flow of water cooler (1) to 60 DEG C.Due on the one hand cold raw material under the stirring of helical blade fully and rotating cylinder (15) wall contacts heated; Abundant exothermic heat of reaction under the effect that another aspect hot charge overturns in rotating cylinder (15), hot product material fully contacts conduction heat release with rotating cylinder (15) inwall, reduction reaction and the process that cools is completed under unusual fare-you-well, as long as reaction heat is greater than the difference that raw material intensification heat is subtracted each other with the cooling heat of product in kiln, equipment is once start and will continuously carry out.The utility model mated burner (4) and have the exhaust opening (8) of baffle plate (7), for the device start phase cold raw material to be heated and concurrent heating is resumed operation when abnormal interruption appears in the runtime, the equipment error-free running period then stops the burning of burner, closes the baffle plate of exhaust opening.The utility model consumes the energy in a large number by one, contaminated environment, and a large amount of production equipment consuming cooling water becomes one and seldom consumes the energy, few contaminated environment, and consuming the production equipment of cooling water less, is the innovation to manganese dioxide roasting oven.
2. the innovative point of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln also has: rotating cylinder (15) center outer surface of rotary kiln (2) has installed helical blade (16) and mouth of turning back (17), constitute spiral propeller with tripping sleeve (3), promote raw material adverse grade and on;
3. the innovative point of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln also has: movable sealing between the left sealing ring (9) that the rotating cylinder (15) of rotary kiln (2) and a left side are covered greatly, and movable sealing between the refractory seals ring (20) that covers greatly of the right side; Left sealing ring (25) is established in the left side of tripping sleeve (3), and right sealing ring (31) is established on right side.Four sealing rings the rotating cylinder (15) of rotary kiln and the urceolus (28) of tripping sleeve (3) are formed jacket space and rotating cylinder (15) and leftly cover greatly (6), thorax body space that (22) are covered greatly on the right side forms unified enclosure space, heating raw materials process and exothermic reaction+product cooling procedure of reducing all are carried out in this enclosure space.A small amount of CO that reduction reaction produces
2gas forms pressure-fired and can prevent air from bleeding in space in space, a small amount of CO
2amplify gas through each interstitial row, greatly reduce the pollution of manganese roasting to environment.
4. the innovative point of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln also has: the annulus of refractory seals ring (20) to be cross section be L shape, the internal diameter of ring is slightly larger than the external diameter of rotating cylinder (15), the horizontal ring inner surface of L shape annulus is provided with some annular ditch grooves, the in-built heat-resistant filler band (26) of groove, the wired hose that heat-resistant filler band (26) is rolled into by heat-resistant steel wire, solid alumina silicate fibre rope composition.Refractory seals ring (20) is a heat-resisting steel loop of entirety, is enclosed within the right-hand member of rotating cylinder (15); Right sealing ring (31) is made up of two semicircular ring, and two semicircular ring bolts (35), spring pad (36), nuts (37) are fixed into full circle, and right sealing ring (31) is heat-resisting steel loop.In order to prevent that rotating cylinder (15) thermal deformation owing to rotating causes and between quiet parts scratch, between High Temperature Rotating rotating cylinder (15) and quiet parts, need larger gap.The right sealing ring (31) of refractory seals ring (20) and heat resisting steel solves rotating cylinder (15) and the right sealing problem compared with wide arc gap covered greatly between tripping sleeve (3) of quiet parts of High Temperature Rotating.
5. the innovative point of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln also has: establish arc electric boiling plate (53) and thermocouple (52) at the right part of tripping sleeve (3), the effect of arc electric boiling plate (53) is to opening beginning reduction reaction temperature 800 DEG C by the part electrical heating rapid temperature increases of the raw material of preheating, play the effect of igniting with concurrent heating, the temperature of this part material then monitored by thermocouple (52).
6. the innovative point of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln also has: elastic support (30) holds up tripping sleeve (3), tripping sleeve (3) is floated on the axis of rotary kiln (2), alleviates the breaking force that rotary kiln (2) is produced.
It is different that the structure of countercurrent flow manganese dioxide of the present utility model reduction rotary kiln and vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster have in essence, thermal procession very goodization in this equipment, for chemical process carry out continuously provide very good temperature conditions and stirring condition, be conducive to fully carrying out of chemical process.Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln has following income than prior art:
1. heating raw materials process is all carried out with reduction exothermic reaction+product cooling procedure in this enclosure space.A small amount of CO that reduction reaction produces
2gas forms pressure-fired and can prevent air from bleeding in enclosure space, only has the CO that a small amount of chemical reaction generates
2amplify gas through each interstitial row, greatly reduce the pollution of manganese roasting to environment;
2. a cold raw material in aspect under the stirring of helical blade fully and rotary kiln wall contacts heated, and be stirred very even; On the other hand abundant exothermic heat of reaction under the effect that overturn at rotary kiln of hot charge, hot product fully contacts heat release with rotary kiln inwall, under unusual fare-you-well, complete reduction reaction and the process that cools, the ratio of mixing excessive anchracite duff in the feed can be reduced, raw material MnO
2conversion ratio will reach more than 98%, reduce production cost and improve the yield rate of product.
3. countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln by vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster the heating raw materials of process, reduction exothermic reaction, product water cool the sequential organization of three processes, change into heating raw materials process in sleeve pipe by helical blade advance adverse grade and on reduction exothermic reaction+product cooling procedure rotate in manage suitable slope and under carry out the structure of countercurrent flow.Make the temperature-rise period of raw material and the temperature-fall period of product counter movement in same equipment, realize exchange heat, thus reduce the consumption of heating fuel and cooling water.The utility model consumes the energy in a large number by one, contaminated environment, and the production equipment consuming cooling water becomes one and seldom consumes the energy, few contaminated environment, consumes the production equipment of cooling water less, greatly reduces the production cost of manganese dioxide roasting.
4. in order to prevent that cause due to revolving drum thermal deformation and between quiet parts scratch, larger gap is needed between High Temperature Rotating rotating cylinder and quiet parts, take refractory seals ring and elastic support binomial technology in the utility model, solve the sealing problem between the rotating cylinder of High Temperature Rotating and quiet parts.The utility model not only solves the high temperature movable sealing problem of this countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln, also for same category of device provides high temperature moving sealing element.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 countercurrent flow manganese dioxide calciner elevation;
Fig. 2 rotary kiln of the present utility model (2) profilograph;
Fig. 3 tripping sleeve of the present utility model (3) profilograph;
Fig. 4 B to
Fig. 5 A partial enlargement
Fig. 6 C partial enlargement
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the utility model is described in detail.
Embodiment describes: see accompanying drawing 1, countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln is made up of rotary kiln (2) and tripping sleeve (3), and rotating cylinder (15) outer surface of rotary kiln (2) is equipped with helical blade (16) and mouth of turning back (17); Tripping sleeve (3) is enclosed within rotary kiln (2) outside, is sitting on two elastic supports (30); The discharging opening (5) of rotary kiln (2) seals with the water cooler (1) of its lower left and connects, and the discharging opening (40) of water cooler (1) below seals with the impeller blowdown machine (41) of frequency control and connects; The flange port (23) in rotary kiln (2) axis front connects with burner (4); The charging aperture (27) of tripping sleeve (3) connects the revolving plow reclaimer (38) of frequency control, receiving hopper (39) above it; The revolving plow reclaimer (38) of water cooler (1), burner (4), frequency control and the impeller blowdown machine (41) of frequency control are approved product.
See accompanying drawing 2, rotary kiln covers greatly (6), rotating cylinder (15) by a left side, revolver band (10), bull gear (11), helical blade (16), mouth of turning back (17), right wheel belt (19), right large cover (22) form; Left large cover is that a left end is closed, the cylinder of right-end openings, and discharging opening (5) is established in below, and the exhaust opening (8) of band baffle plate (7) is established in top, and exhaust opening (8) is a flange short tube; Cylinder right-hand member establishes sealing ring (9), and sealing ring (9) is carbon steel ring, is enclosed within the left end of rotating cylinder (15); Left large cover (6) is sitting on bearing (50); Right large cover (22) is the cylinder of an inner surface cover heat resistance concrete layer, right-hand member establishes flange port (23), left end establishes refractory seals ring (20), the annulus of refractory seals ring (20) to be cross section be L shape, the internal diameter of ring is slightly larger than the external diameter of rotating cylinder (15), the horizontal ring inner surface of L shape annulus is provided with some annular ditch grooves, the in-built heat-resistant filler band (26) of groove, the wired hose that heat-resistant filler band (26) is rolled into by heat-resistant steel wire, solid alumina silicate fibre rope composition; Refractory seals ring (20) is a heat-resisting steel loop of entirety, is enclosed within the right-hand member of rotating cylinder (15); Right large cover (22) is sitting on bearing (49); Rotating cylinder (15) is a cylinder, left side is carbon steel, right-hand part is heat resisting steel, rotating cylinder (15) left side dress revolver band (10), revolver band is the smooth carbon steel ring in an outside, and be enclosed within rotating cylinder, the right side of revolver band (10) is bull gear (11), bull gear is external toothing steel loop, is enclosed within rotating cylinder (15); Rotating cylinder (15) center outer surface establishes helical blade (16), and the external diameter of helical blade (16) is slightly less than the internal diameter of the urceolus (28) of tripping sleeve (3); Mouth of turning back (17) is established on the right side of helical blade (16), and mouth of turning back (17) is several the rectangular mouths around rotating cylinder (15); Right wheel belt (19) is established on turn back the right of mouth (17), and right wheel belt is the heat-resisting steel loop of a smooth outer surface, is enclosed within rotating cylinder; Left support roller (13) and right support roller (18) hold up rotating cylinder (15), and axis and the horizontal line of rotating cylinder (15) have suitable angle, and wheel is approved product; The transmission mechanism (14) of variable-frequency governor is arranged on the side-lower of bull gear (11), gear wheel (12) is arranged on the left side of revolver band (10), and transmission mechanism (14) and the gear wheel (12) of frequency control also have approved product to supply.
See accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 6, tripping sleeve is made up of left sealing ring (25), charging aperture (27), urceolus (28), heat-insulation layer (29), spring fastening (30), arc electric boiling plate (53), thermocouple base (51), right sealing ring (31); The annulus of left sealing ring (25) and right sealing ring (31) to be cross section be L shape, the internal diameter of ring is slightly larger than the external diameter of rotating cylinder (15), the horizontal ring inner surface of L shape annulus is provided with some annular ditch grooves, the in-built heat-resistant filler band (26) of groove, the wired hose that heat-resistant filler band (26) is rolled into by heat-resistant steel wire, solid alumina silicate fibre rope composition; The perpendicular ring of L shape annulus is flange, urceolus (28) two ends are fixed on bolt (32), spring pad (33), nut (34), sealing ring is made up of two semicircular ring, two semicircular ring bolts (35), spring pad (36), nuts (37) are fixed into full circle, left sealing ring (25) is carbon steel ring, and right sealing ring (31) is heat-resisting steel loop; Urceolus (28) is a cylinder, and left side is carbon steel, and right-hand part is heat resisting steel, and the upper left quarter of urceolus (28) establishes charging aperture (27), and charging aperture is a square short tube of flange; Establish arc electric boiling plate (53) below the right part of urceolus (28), thermocouple base (51) is established on right side; Arc electric boiling plate (53) is made up of arc shell (54), radial brick (55) and resistance wire (56), radial brick (55) is the fluted refractory brick of inner surface, be contained in arc shell (54), the in-built resistance wire of groove (56) of radial brick (55); Thermocouple base (51) is an internal thread short tube, is welded on the wall of urceolus (28), installs thermocouple (52); Urceolus (28) outer surface establishes rock wool heat-preservation layer (29), and urceolus (28) is sitting on two spring fastenings (30).
See accompanying drawing 5, elastic support (30) is made up of upper spring seat (42), spring (43), lower spring cup (44), arc pallet (45), upper block (46), lower block (47), base plate (48), four springs (43) are contained between upper spring seat (42) and lower spring cup (44), upper spring seat (42) is the cylinder of falling turriform, upper end is inclined-plane, be fixed on arc pallet (45) corner, lower spring cup is cylindrical, is fixed on the corner of rectangle base plate (48); On cuboid, block (46) is fixed on the middle and lower part of arc pallet (45), and under two cuboids, block (47) is fixed on base plate (48) and goes up and be in the both sides of block (46); Arc pallet (45) is fixed on the urceolus (28) of tripping sleeve (3).
Claims (4)
1. countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln be by vertical multi-pipe manganese dioxide reduction roaster the heating raw materials of process, reduction exothermic reaction, product water cool three processes in vertical tube order and under structure, change into heating raw materials process in sleeve pipe by helical blade advance adverse grade and on reduction exothermic reaction, product cooling procedure rotates the structure under along slope in interior pipe: it is characterized in that this structure is made up of rotary kiln (2) and tripping sleeve (3), tripping sleeve (3) is enclosed within rotary kiln (2) outside, be sitting on two elastic supports (30), the discharging opening (5) of rotary kiln (2) seals with the water cooler (1) of its lower left and connects, and the discharging opening (40) of water cooler (1) end opening seals with the impeller blowdown machine (41) of frequency control and connects, the flange port (23) of rotary kiln (2) axis right connects with burner (4), the charging aperture (27) of tripping sleeve (3) connects the revolving plow reclaimer (38) of frequency control, receiving hopper (39) above it, the revolving plow reclaimer (38) of water cooler (1), burner (4), frequency control and the impeller blowdown machine (41) of frequency control are approved product.
2. countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: rotating cylinder (15) center outer surface of rotary kiln (2) has installed helical blade (16), the external diameter of helical blade (16) is slightly less than the internal diameter of the urceolus (28) of tripping sleeve (3); Mouth of turning back (17) is established on the right side of helical blade (16), and mouth of turning back (17) is centered around rotating cylinder (15) several rectangular mouths around.
3. countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: tripping sleeve (3) is by left sealing ring (25), charging aperture (27), urceolus (28), arc electric boiling plate (53), thermocouple base (51), heat-insulation layer (29), elastic support (30), right sealing ring (31) forms, the annulus of left sealing ring (25) and right sealing ring (31) to be cross section be L shape, the internal diameter of ring is slightly larger than the external diameter of rotating cylinder (15), the horizontal ring inner surface of L shape annulus is provided with some annular ditch grooves, the in-built heat-resistant filler band (26) of groove, the wired hose that heat-resistant filler band (26) is rolled into by heat-resistant steel wire, solid alumina silicate fibre rope composition, the perpendicular ring of L shape annulus is flange, urceolus (28) two ends are fixed on bolt (32), spring pad (33), nut (34), two sealing rings are respectively made up of two semicircular ring, two semicircular ring bolts (35), spring pad (36), nuts (37) are fixed into full circle ring, left sealing ring (25) is carbon steel ring, and right sealing ring (31) is heat-resisting steel loop, urceolus (28) is a cylinder, and left side is carbon steel, and right-hand part is heat resisting steel, and the upper left quarter of urceolus (28) establishes charging aperture (27), and charging aperture (27) is a square short tube of flange, establish arc electric boiling plate (53) below the right part of urceolus (28), thermocouple base (51) is established on the right side of arc electric boiling plate, arc electric boiling plate (53) is made up of arc shell (54), radial brick (55) and resistance wire (56), radial brick (55) is the fluted refractory brick of inner surface, be contained in arc shell (54), the in-built resistance wire of groove (56) of radial brick (55), thermocouple base (51) is an internal thread short tube, is welded on the wall of urceolus (28), installs thermocouple (52), urceolus (28) outer surface establishes rock wool heat-preservation layer (29), and urceolus (28) is sitting on two elastic supports (30).
4. countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: elastic support (30) is by upper spring seat (42), spring (43), lower spring cup (44), arc pallet (45), upper block (46), lower block (47), base plate (48) forms, four springs (43) are contained between upper spring seat (42) and lower spring cup (44), upper spring seat (42) is the cylinder of falling turriform, upper end is inclined-plane, be fixed on the corner of arc pallet (45), lower spring cup is cylindrical, be fixed on the corner of rectangle base plate (48), on cuboid, block (46) is fixed on the middle and lower part of arc pallet (45), and under two cuboids, block (47) is fixed on base plate (48) and goes up and be in the both sides of block (46), arc pallet (45) is fixed on the urceolus (28) of tripping sleeve (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520029810.XU CN204461041U (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2015-01-16 | Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520029810.XU CN204461041U (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2015-01-16 | Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN204461041U true CN204461041U (en) | 2015-07-08 |
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ID=53667914
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520029810.XU Withdrawn - After Issue CN204461041U (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2015-01-16 | Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduction rotary kiln |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105890346A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-08-24 | 张寅� | Counterflow-heat-exchange manganese dioxide reduction ring kiln |
| CN107971095A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-01 | 刘万春 | A kind of feed used for aquiculture crushes beater |
| CN110006247A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 黎柴佐 | A kind of back-heating type powder annealing device and its method |
-
2015
- 2015-01-16 CN CN201520029810.XU patent/CN204461041U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105890346A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-08-24 | 张寅� | Counterflow-heat-exchange manganese dioxide reduction ring kiln |
| CN105890346B (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-05-25 | 张寅� | Countercurrent flow manganese dioxide reduces rotary kiln |
| CN107971095A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-01 | 刘万春 | A kind of feed used for aquiculture crushes beater |
| CN110006247A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 黎柴佐 | A kind of back-heating type powder annealing device and its method |
| CN110006247B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2024-04-12 | 黎柴佐 | Regenerative powder heat treatment device and method thereof |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20150708 Effective date of abandoning: 20180525 |