CN204334058U - 一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置 - Google Patents
一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204334058U CN204334058U CN201520007141.6U CN201520007141U CN204334058U CN 204334058 U CN204334058 U CN 204334058U CN 201520007141 U CN201520007141 U CN 201520007141U CN 204334058 U CN204334058 U CN 204334058U
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound 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[Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Ion Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，在每个单节锂离子电池上分别连接一个保护芯片U，保护芯片U的VDD与VSS引脚间连接开关S1和电阻R1，开关S1、电阻R1与单节锂离子电池并联组成分流放电支路，所述保护芯片U的VM引脚与其相对应的单节锂离子电池的负极端之间连接有电阻R2，电阻R2为过流检测保护电阻，此外还包括有与并联器连接的充电控制开关和与串联器连接的放电控制开关，并联器连接到所有保护芯片U的CO引脚上，串联器连接到所有保护芯片U的DO引脚上。本实用新型既可对任意串联数的电池组进行过充、过放、过流、短路保护，又能在充电过程中实现整组电池均衡充电，具有应用灵活、稳定可靠、均衡充电误差小等优点。
Description
技术领域
[0001 ] 本实用新型涉及锂离子电池领域，具体地说涉及一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置。
背景技术
[0002] 近些年，环境的不断恶化以及石油、煤炭等不可再生能源的过度消耗，全世界都呼吁低碳环保和低碳经济，因此加快可充电锂离子电池的发展是必然趋势，国内外对于锂离子电池的研究也如雨后春笋般充满生机，这是因为锂离子电池相对镍镉电池具有很大优点，如能量密度高、可靠性强、高循环稳定性、无记忆效应、体积小、重量轻、无环境污染等等，因此被称为21世纪的绿色能源和主导能源。然而单体的锂电池输出功率有限，所以动力电池组由许多单体的锂电池经过串、并联组合而成，但在其制造过程中，由于制造工艺、电池材质、内阻及环境差异等因素会导致电池组内阻单体电池串之间出现电压不平衡现象，成组的锂电池串联充电时，应保证每节电池均衡充电，否则使用过程中会影响整组电池的性能和寿命。常用的均衡充电技术包括恒定分流电阻均衡充电、通断分流电阻均衡充电、平均电池电压均衡充电、开关电容均衡充电、降压型变换器均衡充电、电感均衡充电等。而现有的单节锂电池保护芯片均不含均衡充电控制功能，多节锂电池保护芯片均衡充电控制功能需要外接CPU，通过和保护芯片的串行通讯(如I2C总线)来实现，加大了保护电路的复杂程度和设计难度，降低了系统的效率和可靠性，增加了功耗。
实用新型内容
[0003] 本实用新型的目的在于，针对上述问题，提供一种基于锂电池组均衡充电保护板的串联锂电池组的均衡装置。
[0004] 为实现上述目的，本实用新型采用如下技术方案:
[0005] 一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，包括由单节锂离子电池串联而成的电池组，每个所述单节锂离子电池上都分别对应连接有一个保护芯片U，每个所述保护芯片U的VDD引脚与VSS引脚之间都连接有开关SI和电阻R1，所述开关SI为分流放电支路开关，所述电阻Rl为分流放电支路电阻，所述保护芯片U的VM引脚与该保护芯片U相对应的单节锂离子电池的负极端之间连接有电阻R2，所述电阻R2为过流检测保护电阻，此外还包括有充电控制开关和放电控制开关，所述充电控制开关与并联器连接，所述放电控制开关与串联器连接，所述并联器分别连接到每个所述保护芯片U的CO引脚上，所述串联器分别连接到每个所述保护芯片U的DO引脚上。
[0006] 进一步的，所述充电控制开关包括MOS管Ql和二极管Dl，所述二极管Dl并联在所述MOS管Ql的源极与漏极之间，所述MOS管Ql的栅极与所述并联器连接。
[0007] 进一步的，所述放电控制开关包括MOS管Q2和二极管D2，所述二极管D2并联在所述MOS管Q2的源极与漏极之间，所述MOS管Q2的栅极与所述串联器连接。
[0008] 进一步的，所述MOS管Ql的漏极与MOS管Q2的漏极连接，所述二极管Dl与二极管D2的方向相反。
[0009] 实施本实用新型具有以下有益效果:每个单节锂离子电池都对应连接一个保护芯片、一个分流放电支路电阻以及一个过流保护监测电阻，保护芯片通过输出信号到充电控制开关和放电控制开关来控制其通断以实现均衡充电，并对与其连接的单节锂电池形成过充和过放保护，该方案有别于传统的在充电器端实现均衡充电的做法，降低了锂电池组充电器设计应用的成本，本实用新型既可对任意串联数的成组锂电池进行过充、过放、过流、短路保护，又能在充电过程中实现整组电池均衡充电，具有应用灵活、稳定可靠、均衡充电误差小等优点。
附图说明
[0010] 图1为本实用新型锂电池组保护板电路图；
[0011] 图2为本实用新型锂电池组充电时电流流向图；
[0012] 图3为本实用新型所有单节锂离子电池过电压保护状态时电流流向图；
[0013] 图4为本实用新型锂电池组放电时电流流向图。
[0014] 图中:1、充电控制开关；2、放电控制开关；3、并联器；4、串联器。
具体实施方式
[0015] 下面将结合附图详细说明本实用新型的具体实施方式。
[0016] 如图1所示，一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，包括由单节锂离子电池串联而成的电池组，每个单节锂离子电池上都分别对应连接有一个保护芯片U、一个电阻R1、一个开关S1、一个电阻R2，其中，电阻Rl和开关SI串联连接在保护芯片U的VDD引脚与VSS引脚之间，电阻Rl和开关SI与其对应的单节锂离子电池并联形成分流放电支路，电阻R2则连接在保护芯片U的VM引脚与该保护芯片U相对应的单节锂离子电池的负极端之间，开关SI为分流放电支路开关，电阻Rl为分流放电支路电阻，电阻R2为过流检测保护电阻。所有保护芯片U的CO引脚都连接到同一个并联器3上，所有保护芯片U的DO引脚都连接到同一个串联器4上，同时将并联器3与充电控制开关I中MOS管Ql的的栅极连接，将串联器4与放电控制开关2中MOS管Q2的栅极连接，MOS管Ql的漏极与MOS管Q2的漏极连接，MOS管Ql的源极与漏极之间并联有二极管Dl，MOS管Q2的源极与漏极之间并联有二极管D2，二极管Dl与二极管D2的方向相反。
[0017] 当电池组充电时，外接电源的正负极分别接在电池组正负极BAT+和BAT-两端，充电电流流经电池组正极BAT+、单节锂离子电池、MOS管Q2、MOS管Q1、电池组负极BAT-，电流流向如图2所示。每一个保护芯片U的充电过电压保护控制信号经过光耦隔离后在并联器3中并联输出，为MOS管Ql的导通提供栅极电压，假如某一节或几节锂离子电池在充电过程中先进入过电压保护状态，则由过电压保护信号控制该单节锂离子电池正负极两端的开关SI闭合，此时分流放电支路放电，使该单节锂离子电池两端电压维持在充满状态附近一个极小的范围内，同时将进入过电压状态的单节锂离子电池断离出充电回路。当所有单节锂离子电池均进入过电压保护状态时，全部单节锂离子电池电压大小在误差范围内完全相等，所有保护芯片U的充电过电压保护控制信号均变低，无法为充电控制开关I中MOS管Ql的栅极提供导通电压，MOS管Ql关闭，主回路断开，即实现均衡充电，充电过程完成，此时电流流向如图3所示。
[0018] 当电池组放电时，外接负载分别接电池组正负极BAT+和BAT-两端，放电电流流经电池组负极BAT-、M0S管Q1、M0S管Q2、单节锂离子电池和电池组正极BAT+，电流流向如图4所示。所有保护芯片U的放电欠电压、过流、短路保护控制信号经光耦隔离后串联输出，为放电控制开关2中MOS管Q2的导通提供栅极电压，一旦电池组在放电过程中遇到单节锂离子电池欠电压或者过流和短路等特殊情况，对应的单节锂离子电池放电欠电压、过流、短路保护控制信号变低，无法为MOS管Q2提供栅极导通电压，MOS管Q2关闭，主回路断开，即结束放电使用过程。
[0019] 本实用新型不局限于上述具体实施方式，任何人在本实用新型的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品，上述具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本实用新型的启示下，在不脱离本实用新型宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本实用新型的保护之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于:包括由单节锂离子电池串联而成的电池组，每个所述单节锂离子电池上都分别对应连接有一个保护芯片U，每个所述保护芯片U的VDD引脚与VSS引脚之间都连接有开关SI和电阻R1，所述开关SI为分流放电支路开关，所述电阻Rl为分流放电支路电阻，所述保护芯片U的VM引脚与该保护芯片U相对应的单节锂离子电池的负极端之间连接有电阻R2，所述电阻R2为过流检测保护电阻，此外还包括有充电控制开关(I)和放电控制开关(2)，所述充电控制开关(I)与并联器(3)连接，所述放电控制开关(2)与串联器(4)连接，所述并联器(3)分别连接到每个所述保护芯片U的CO引脚上，所述串联器(4)分别连接到每个所述保护芯片U的DO引脚上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于:所述充电控制开关(I)包括MOS管Ql和二极管Dl，所述二极管Dl并联在所述MOS管Ql的源极与漏极之间，所述MOS管Ql的栅极与所述并联器(3)连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于:所述放电控制开关(2)包括MOS管Q2和二极管D2，所述二极管D2并联在所述MOS管Q2的源极与漏极之间，所述MOS管Q2的栅极与所述串联器(4)连接。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种串联锂电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于:所述MOS管Ql的漏极与MOS管Q2的漏极连接，所述二极管Dl与二极管D2的方向相反。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108377019A (zh) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-07 | 上海航天计算机技术研究所 | 星载锂电池均衡控制方法和系统 |
| CN109309398A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-05 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种处理方法及电源装置 |
| WO2021032221A3 (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-04-15 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | 一种电池均衡自放电电路和无人机 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108377019A (zh) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-07 | 上海航天计算机技术研究所 | 星载锂电池均衡控制方法和系统 |
| CN109309398A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-05 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种处理方法及电源装置 |
| WO2021032221A3 (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-04-15 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | 一种电池均衡自放电电路和无人机 |
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