CN204312393U - With the turbosupercharger of gas compressor arc diagonal impeller - Google Patents
With the turbosupercharger of gas compressor arc diagonal impeller Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种带压气机弧形斜流叶轮的涡轮增压器,包括涡轮箱、轴承体、压气机压壳、转子轴、涡轮转子、止推片、压气机弧形斜流叶轮、止推轴承、密封套、隔热罩、封油盖、密封环。涡轮箱通过卡圈套与轴承体连接,隔热罩安装在涡轮箱与轴承体的端平面之间,涡轮转子固定安装在转子轴的一端,转子轴安装在轴承体上的滑动轴承内圈,止推片、密封套及压气机弧形斜流叶轮依次安装在转子轴的另一端,并通过螺母固定在转子轴上,止推轴承安装在密封套的外圆上,并通过螺钉固定在轴承体上,压端密封环安装在密封套的圆凸台上,封油盖套装在密封套上并固定在轴承体内,压气机压壳通过螺钉和压板与轴承体连接。
A turbocharger with an arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of a compressor, including a turbine case, a bearing body, a compressor pressure casing, a rotor shaft, a turbine rotor, a thrust vane, an arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of a compressor, a thrust bearing, Sealing sleeve, heat shield, oil seal cap, sealing ring. The turbine box is connected with the bearing body through the collar sleeve, the heat shield is installed between the turbine box and the end plane of the bearing body, the turbine rotor is fixedly installed at one end of the rotor shaft, and the rotor shaft is installed on the inner ring of the sliding bearing on the bearing body, and the The push piece, sealing sleeve and arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of the compressor are installed on the other end of the rotor shaft in turn, and are fixed on the rotor shaft by nuts, and the thrust bearing is installed on the outer circle of the sealing sleeve, and fixed on the bearing body by screws On the top, the pressure end seal ring is installed on the circular boss of the seal sleeve, the oil seal cover is set on the seal sleeve and fixed in the bearing body, and the compressor pressure shell is connected with the bearing body through screws and pressure plates.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及涡轮增压器技术领域,特别是一种通过采用弧形斜流叶轮来降低压气机叶轮轴向载荷和改善增压器小流量下容易在无叶扩压器进口轮缘一侧产生回流的涡轮增压器。 The utility model relates to the technical field of turbochargers, in particular to a method of reducing the axial load of a compressor impeller by adopting an arc-shaped oblique flow impeller and improving the ease of installation on the inlet rim side of a bladeless diffuser under a small flow rate of the supercharger. A turbocharger that generates backflow.
背景技术 Background technique
涡轮增压器利用发动机排气来驱动涡轮机,涡轮机转动带动同轴的压气机工作,压气机将进入发动机的新鲜空气压缩,从而增加了发动机的进气量,提高了发动机的功率,降低了发动机的油耗量。 The turbocharger uses the exhaust of the engine to drive the turbine, and the rotation of the turbine drives the coaxial compressor to work. The compressor compresses the fresh air entering the engine, thereby increasing the intake air volume of the engine, increasing the power of the engine, and reducing the power consumption of the engine. fuel consumption.
现有的涡轮增压器如附图1所示,包括涡轮箱1、轴承体2、压气机压壳3、转子轴4、涡轮转子5、止推片6、压气机叶轮7、止推轴承8、密封套9、隔热罩10、封油盖11、密封环12。 Existing turbocharger as shown in accompanying drawing 1, comprises turbine box 1, bearing body 2, compressor pressure shell 3, rotor shaft 4, turbine rotor 5, thrust vane 6, compressor impeller 7, thrust bearing 8. Sealing sleeve 9, heat shield 10, oil sealing cap 11, sealing ring 12.
涡轮箱1通过卡圈套与轴承体2连接,隔热罩10安装在涡轮箱1与轴承体2的端平面之间,涡轮转子5固定安装在转子轴4的一端,转子轴4安装在轴承体2上的滑动轴承内圈,止推片6、密封套9及压气机叶轮7依次安装在转子轴4的另一端,并通过螺母固定在转子轴4上,止推轴承8安装在密封套9的外圆上,并通过螺钉固定在轴承体2上,压端密封环12安装在密封套9的圆凸台上,封油盖11套装在密封套9上并固定在轴承体2内,压气机压壳3通过螺钉和压板与轴承体2连接。 The turbine box 1 is connected to the bearing body 2 through a collar sleeve, the heat shield 10 is installed between the end plane of the turbine box 1 and the bearing body 2, the turbine rotor 5 is fixedly installed on one end of the rotor shaft 4, and the rotor shaft 4 is installed on the bearing body The inner ring of the sliding bearing on 2, the thrust plate 6, the sealing sleeve 9 and the compressor impeller 7 are installed on the other end of the rotor shaft 4 in sequence, and are fixed on the rotor shaft 4 by nuts, and the thrust bearing 8 is installed on the sealing sleeve 9 and fixed on the bearing body 2 by screws, the pressure end sealing ring 12 is installed on the round boss of the sealing sleeve 9, the oil sealing cover 11 is set on the sealing sleeve 9 and fixed in the bearing body 2, and the compressed air The machine pressure shell 3 is connected with the bearing body 2 through screws and pressure plates.
现有的涡轮增压器采用的径流叶轮7如附图3、4所示,包括轮毂7-1、复数片长叶片7-2和复数片短叶片7-3,长叶片7-2和短叶片7-3的数量一样,长叶片7-2和短叶片7-3呈交错状均匀分布在括轮毂7-1上,长叶片7-2气流出口顶部7-2-1和短叶片7-3气流出口顶部7-3-1与轮毂7-1的轮轴中心线平行,长叶片7-2气流出口顶部7-2-1的外圆轮廓直径和短叶片7-3气流出口顶部7-3-1的外圆轮廓直径及轮毂1的轮盘直径一致,同为D1。 The radial flow impeller 7 that existing turbocharger adopts is as shown in accompanying drawing 3, 4, comprises wheel hub 7-1, plural long blades 7-2 and plural short blades 7-3, long blades 7-2 and short The number of blades 7-3 is the same, long blades 7-2 and short blades 7-3 are evenly distributed on the hub 7-1 in a staggered shape, long blades 7-2 air outlet top 7-2-1 and short blades 7- 3 The air outlet top 7-3-1 is parallel to the hub 7-1's axle center line, the outer circle profile diameter of the long blade 7-2 air outlet top 7-2-1 and the short blade 7-3 air outlet top 7-3 The diameter of the outer circle of -1 is the same as the diameter of the disc of hub 1, both being D1.
随着涡轮增压器向高转速、高压比方向发展,整个涡轮增压器轴承系统经受着严峻的考验,压气机压比升高,导致了由涡轮增压器涡端指向压端的轴向载荷增加,叶轮的轴向载荷主要是指压气机进口对叶轮正面的压力P1和叶轮轮背间隙内的压力P2,压气机轮背间隙内压力P2在增压器正常运转时均高于进口压力P1,当叶轮轮背间隙内压力P2产生的轴向载荷过大时,止推轴承8与止推片6之间的油膜不足以承受轴向载荷而导致零件之间的干摩擦加重,在高转速作用下,止推轴承8很快磨损失效,严重时则导致叶轮叶片摩擦压气机壳损坏增压器。 With the development of turbochargers towards high speed and high pressure ratio, the entire turbocharger bearing system is under severe test, and the pressure ratio of the compressor increases, resulting in the axial load from the turbocharger end to the pressure end Increase, the axial load of the impeller mainly refers to the pressure P1 of the compressor inlet on the front of the impeller and the pressure P2 in the back clearance of the impeller. The pressure P2 in the back clearance of the compressor wheel is higher than the inlet pressure P1 when the supercharger is in normal operation. , when the axial load generated by the pressure P2 in the back clearance of the impeller is too large, the oil film between the thrust bearing 8 and the thrust plate 6 is not enough to bear the axial load, resulting in aggravated dry friction between parts. Under the action, the thrust bearing 8 wears out quickly, and when it is serious, the impeller blades will rub against the compressor casing to damage the supercharger.
再就是传统的径流叶轮在增压器小流量下容易在无叶扩压器进口轮缘一侧产生回流。 Furthermore, the traditional radial flow impeller tends to generate backflow at the inlet rim side of the vaneless diffuser under the low flow rate of the supercharger.
在涡轮增压器行业领域,为克服轴向载荷增大主要从两个方面入手,一是通过设计新的止推轴承表面结构,增大油膜的承载力,使止推轴承所能承受的轴向载荷数值增大,这种解决方法并不能降低压气机叶轮轮背的轴向载荷,当叶轮轮背的轴向载荷过大时,涡轮转子系统与止推轴承还是会产生直接接触发生干磨;二是通过增大涡轮箱流道A/R值,达到间接降低轴向载荷的目的,但由此产生的问题是,增大涡轮箱流道后,发动机的低速性能会受到较大影响,与当前发动机侧重于低速性能相违背。 In the field of turbocharger industry, in order to overcome the increase of axial load, we mainly start from two aspects. One is to increase the bearing capacity of the oil film by designing a new thrust bearing surface structure, so that the axial load that the thrust bearing can bear As the load value increases, this solution cannot reduce the axial load on the back of the compressor impeller. When the axial load on the back of the impeller is too large, the turbine rotor system and the thrust bearing will still have direct contact and dry wear The second is to achieve the purpose of indirectly reducing the axial load by increasing the A/R value of the turbine box flow channel, but the resulting problem is that after increasing the turbine box flow channel, the low-speed performance of the engine will be greatly affected. Contrary to current engines' emphasis on low-speed performance.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种带压气机弧形斜流叶轮的涡轮增压器,一是通过减小叶轮轮盘面积来减小作用在叶轮轮盘背面的轴向载荷,防止增压器止推轴承失效而导致的增压器故障;二是在叶片的出口采用弧形斜流出口,通过弧形斜流出口来改善叶轮轮缘曲率太大而导致的叶轮出口展向流场分布不均匀状态,并能够通过调节叶片出口边线的圆弧直径来调节叶轮的设计参数水平,提高压气机的工作效率。 The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a turbocharger with an arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of the compressor. Axial load to prevent supercharger failure caused by the failure of the thrust bearing of the supercharger; the second is to adopt an arc-shaped oblique flow outlet at the outlet of the blade, and use the arc-shaped oblique flow outlet to improve the impeller flange curvature caused by too much The distribution of the flow field in the span direction of the impeller outlet is uneven, and the design parameter level of the impeller can be adjusted by adjusting the arc diameter of the edge of the blade outlet, so as to improve the working efficiency of the compressor.
本实用新型的技术方案是:一种带压气机弧形斜流叶轮的涡轮增压器,包括涡轮箱、轴承体、压气机压壳、转子轴、涡轮转子、止推片、压气机叶轮、止推轴承、密封套、隔热罩、封油盖、密封环。 The technical scheme of the utility model is: a turbocharger with arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of the compressor, including a turbine box, a bearing body, a compressor casing, a rotor shaft, a turbine rotor, a thrust plate, a compressor impeller, Thrust bearings, sealing sleeves, heat shields, oil seal covers, sealing rings.
涡轮箱通过卡圈套与轴承体连接,隔热罩安装在涡轮箱与轴承体的端平面之间,涡轮转子固定安装在转子轴的一端,转子轴安装在轴承体上的滑动轴承内圈,止推片、密封套及压气机叶轮依次安装在转子轴的另一端,并通过螺母固定在转子轴上,止推轴承安装在密封套的外圆上,并通过螺钉固定在轴承体上,压端密封环安装在密封套的圆凸台上,封油盖套装在密封套上并固定在轴承体内,压气机压壳通过螺钉和压板与轴承体连接。 The turbine box is connected with the bearing body through a collar sleeve, the heat shield is installed between the turbine box and the end plane of the bearing body, the turbine rotor is fixedly installed at one end of the rotor shaft, and the rotor shaft is installed on the inner ring of the sliding bearing on the bearing body, and the The push piece, sealing sleeve and compressor impeller are installed on the other end of the rotor shaft in sequence, and are fixed on the rotor shaft by nuts. The thrust bearing is installed on the outer circle of the sealing sleeve, and is fixed on the bearing body by screws. The pressure end The sealing ring is installed on the circular boss of the sealing sleeve, the oil sealing cover is set on the sealing sleeve and fixed in the bearing body, and the compressor pressure casing is connected with the bearing body through screws and pressure plates.
所述的压气机叶轮采用弧形斜流叶轮,弧形斜流叶轮包括轮毂、四~六片长叶片和四~六片短叶片,长叶片和短叶片的数量一样,长叶片和短叶片呈交错状均匀分布在括轮毂上,长叶片的气流出口顶部及短叶片的气流出口顶部为弧形结构,长叶片弧形流出口顶部的弧形斜边及短叶片弧形斜流出口顶部的弧形斜边的叶尖外圆轮廓直径为D1,长叶片弧形流出口顶部的弧形斜边及短叶片弧形斜流出口顶部的弧形斜边的叶根外圆轮廓直径为D2,D2小于D1,弧形斜边叶根部位的外圆轮廓与轮毂的轮盘外圆直径一致。 The compressor impeller adopts an arc oblique flow impeller, and the arc oblique flow impeller includes a hub, four to six long blades and four to six short blades, the number of the long blades and the short blades is the same, and the long blades and the short blades are Staggered and evenly distributed on the hub, the top of the air outlet of the long blade and the top of the air outlet of the short blade are arc-shaped structures, the arc-shaped hypotenuse at the top of the arc-shaped outlet of the long blade and the arc at the top of the arc-shaped oblique outlet of the short blade The diameter of the outer circle of the blade tip of the oblique edge is D1, the diameter of the outer circle of the blade root is D2, the diameter of the outer circle of the blade root of the arc-shaped hypotenuse at the top of the arc-shaped outlet of the long blade and the arc-shaped oblique outlet of the short blade is D2. Smaller than D1, the outer circle profile of the arc-shaped hypotenuse blade root is consistent with the outer circle diameter of the wheel hub.
涡轮增压器正常运转时,作用于叶轮的轴向载荷F主要由压气机进口叶轮正面压力P1、叶轮轮背间隙内的压力P2及气体与叶轮的接触面积决定,F=F2-F1,F1为P1作用在叶轮正表面的轴向载荷,F2为P2作用在叶轮轮背的轴向载荷,而压气机叶轮轮背间隙内压力P2在增压器正常运转时均高于进口压力P1,当叶轮轮背面积减小后,受力面积也随着减小,作用在叶轮轮背表面载荷F2下降幅度将大于作用在叶轮正表面轴向载荷F1下降的幅度,由此导致由叶轮轮背指向叶轮正面方向载荷降低,随着转速的升高,斜流叶轮上的轴向载荷力F降低越明显,减小了止推轴承承受的载荷力,有效的改善了涡轮增压器的运行状况。 When the turbocharger is in normal operation, the axial load F acting on the impeller is mainly determined by the front pressure P1 of the compressor inlet impeller, the pressure P2 in the back gap of the impeller wheel and the contact area between the gas and the impeller, F=F2-F1, F1 P1 is the axial load acting on the front surface of the impeller, F2 is the axial load acting on the back of the impeller wheel by P2, and the pressure P2 in the back clearance of the impeller wheel of the compressor is higher than the inlet pressure P1 when the supercharger is in normal operation. After the area of the back of the impeller decreases, the force-receiving area also decreases, and the decrease of the load F2 acting on the back surface of the impeller will be greater than the decrease of the axial load F1 acting on the front surface of the impeller. The load in the front direction of the impeller is reduced. As the speed increases, the axial load F on the oblique flow impeller decreases more obviously, which reduces the load on the thrust bearing and effectively improves the operation of the turbocharger.
再就是在叶片的出口采用弧形斜流出口,通过弧形斜流出口来改善叶轮轮缘曲率太大而导致的叶轮出口展向流场分布不均匀状态,并能够通过调节叶片出口边线的圆弧直径来调节叶轮的设计参数水平,提高压气机的工作效率。 Furthermore, the arc-shaped oblique flow outlet is used at the outlet of the blade, and the arc-shaped oblique flow outlet is used to improve the uneven distribution of the flow field in the span direction of the impeller outlet caused by the excessive curvature of the impeller rim, and can adjust the circle of the edge of the blade outlet. The arc diameter is used to adjust the design parameter level of the impeller to improve the working efficiency of the compressor.
本实用新型与现有技术相比具有如下特点: Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following characteristics:
1、在现有的径流式叶轮增压器上,改变叶轮结构,减小叶轮轮背外圆半径,通过减小受力面来减小叶轮轮背的表面载荷F2,实现减小转子系统的轴向载荷,避免了止推轴承因承受较大轴向载荷而降低寿命,提高了增压器的整体可靠性。 1. On the existing radial flow impeller supercharger, change the impeller structure, reduce the outer circle radius of the impeller wheel back, and reduce the surface load F2 of the impeller wheel back by reducing the force-bearing surface, so as to realize the reduction of the rotor system. The axial load avoids the reduction of the life of the thrust bearing due to the large axial load, and improves the overall reliability of the supercharger.
2、通过弧形斜流出口来改善叶轮轮缘曲率太大而导致的叶轮出口展向流场分布不均匀状态,并能够通过调节叶片出口边线的圆弧直径来调节叶轮的设计参数水平,提高压气机的工作效率。 2. Use the arc-shaped oblique flow outlet to improve the uneven distribution of the flow field in the span direction of the impeller outlet caused by the excessive curvature of the impeller rim, and adjust the design parameter level of the impeller by adjusting the arc diameter of the edge of the blade outlet to improve Compressor efficiency.
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型的详细结构作进一步描述。 The detailed structure of the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图1为现有的涡轮增压器结构示意图; Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of existing turbocharger;
附图2为附图1中的I部放大图; Accompanying drawing 2 is the enlarged view of part I in accompanying drawing 1;
附图3为现有的径流叶轮结构示意图; Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of existing radial flow impeller;
附图4为附图3中的A-A剖视图; Accompanying drawing 4 is A-A sectional view among accompanying drawing 3;
附图5为带压气机弧形斜流叶轮的涡轮增压器结构示意图; Accompanying drawing 5 is the structural representation of the turbocharger with arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of the compressor;
附图6为弧形斜流叶轮的结构示意图; Accompanying drawing 6 is the structural representation of arc-shaped oblique flow impeller;
附图7为附图6中的B-B剖视图; Accompanying drawing 7 is B-B sectional view among accompanying drawing 6;
附图8为7中的II部放大图。 Accompanying drawing 8 is II part enlarged view among 7.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
一种带压气机弧形斜流叶轮的涡轮增压器,包括涡轮箱1、轴承体2、压气机压壳3、转子轴4、涡轮转子5、止推片6、压气机叶轮13、止推轴承8、密封套9、隔热罩10、封油盖11、密封环12。 A turbocharger with an arc-shaped oblique flow impeller of a compressor, comprising a turbine case 1, a bearing body 2, a compressor casing 3, a rotor shaft 4, a turbine rotor 5, a thrust plate 6, a compressor impeller 13, a Push bearing 8, sealing sleeve 9, heat shield 10, oil sealing cap 11, sealing ring 12.
涡轮箱1通过卡圈套与轴承体2连接,隔热罩10安装在涡轮箱1与轴承体2的端平面之间,涡轮转子5固定安装在转子轴4的一端,转子轴4安装在轴承体2上的滑动轴承内圈,止推片6、密封套9及压气机叶轮13依次安装在转子轴4的另一端,并通过螺母固定在转子轴4上,止推轴承8安装在密封套9的外圆上,并通过螺钉固定在轴承体2上,压端密封环12安装在密封套9的圆凸台上,封油盖11套装在密封套9上并固定在轴承体2内,压气机压壳3通过螺钉和压板与轴承体2连接。 The turbine box 1 is connected to the bearing body 2 through a collar sleeve, the heat shield 10 is installed between the end plane of the turbine box 1 and the bearing body 2, the turbine rotor 5 is fixedly installed on one end of the rotor shaft 4, and the rotor shaft 4 is installed on the bearing body The inner ring of the sliding bearing on 2, the thrust plate 6, the sealing sleeve 9 and the compressor impeller 13 are installed on the other end of the rotor shaft 4 in sequence, and are fixed on the rotor shaft 4 by nuts, and the thrust bearing 8 is installed on the sealing sleeve 9 and fixed on the bearing body 2 by screws, the pressure end sealing ring 12 is installed on the round boss of the sealing sleeve 9, the oil sealing cover 11 is set on the sealing sleeve 9 and fixed in the bearing body 2, and the compressed air The machine pressure shell 3 is connected with the bearing body 2 through screws and pressure plates.
所述的压气机叶轮采用弧形斜流叶轮,弧形斜流叶轮13包括轮毂13-1、五片长叶片13-2和五片短叶片13-3,长叶片13-2和短叶片13-3呈交错状均匀分布在括轮毂13-1上,长叶片13-2的气流出口顶部及短叶片13-3的气流出口顶部为弧形结构,长叶片13-2弧形流出口顶部的弧形斜边13-2-1及短叶片13-3弧形斜流出口顶部的弧形斜边13-3-1的叶尖外圆轮廓直径为D1,长叶片13-2弧形流出口顶部的弧形斜边13-2-1及短叶片13-3弧形斜流出口顶部的弧形斜边13-3-1的叶根外圆轮廓直径为D2,D2小于D1,弧形斜边叶根部位的外圆轮廓与轮毂13-1的轮盘外圆直径一致。 The compressor impeller adopts an arc oblique flow impeller, and the arc oblique flow impeller 13 includes a hub 13-1, five long blades 13-2 and five short blades 13-3, and the long blades 13-2 and short blades 13 -3 are evenly distributed on the hub 13-1 in a staggered shape, the top of the air outlet of the long blade 13-2 and the top of the air outlet of the short blade 13-3 are arc-shaped structures, and the top of the arc-shaped outlet of the long blade 13-2 The diameter of the blade tip outer circle of the arc-shaped hypotenuse 13-2-1 and the arc-shaped oblique flow outlet of the short blade 13-3 at the top of the arc-shaped oblique edge 13-3-1 is D1, and the arc-shaped outlet of the long blade 13-2 The arc-shaped hypotenuse 13-2-1 at the top and the arc-shaped hypotenuse 13-3-1 at the top of the short blade 13-3 arc-shaped oblique flow outlet have a root diameter of D2, and D2 is less than D1. The contour of the outer circle at the root of the side blade is consistent with the diameter of the outer circle of the wheel hub 13-1.
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CN109196230A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2019-01-11 | 三菱重工发动机和增压器株式会社 | Impeller, rotating machinery, turbocharger |
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CN109196230A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2019-01-11 | 三菱重工发动机和增压器株式会社 | Impeller, rotating machinery, turbocharger |
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