CN204290800U - Series machine DC speed regulator - Google Patents
Series machine DC speed regulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN204290800U CN204290800U CN201520005426.6U CN201520005426U CN204290800U CN 204290800 U CN204290800 U CN 204290800U CN 201520005426 U CN201520005426 U CN 201520005426U CN 204290800 U CN204290800 U CN 204290800U
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Abstract
A kind of series machine DC speed regulator, relates to the speed regulating control technical field of motor.When being included in brake or slowing down, keep motor excitation winding and armature winding series system is constant, the excitation module that compensates the electric current reduced in series machine excitation winding.The utility model slows down and brake utilizes separate excitation characteristic, does not make armature winding and excitation winding separately during separate excitation, but ensures that excitation winding magnetic flux is constant by excitation module, controls armature winding realize separately through armature module.In decelerating through motor or braking procedure, energy flow overexcitation winding feeds back to battery, excitation winding is made additionally to obtain a part of magnetic flux, supplement the magnetic flux that electric current that excitation module should export produces in excitation winding, the electric current that excitation module is exported reduces, and need not export at full capacity, reduces excitation module and exports power consumption, make series machine can also be operated in the second quadrant and fourth quadrant, make series machine have separate excitation characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the speed regulating control technical field of motor, particularly a kind of series machine DC speed regulator.
Background technology
At present, what down-hole locomotive drive motor mainly adopted is direct current series-excited motor, it is large that the type motor has starting torque, starting the advantage such as level and smooth is widely used in underground direct current electric locomotive, but still adopts old-fashioned thyristor chopper with its building machine vehicle controller, and brake adopts the brake of hard contact suitching type, unreliable in this switching mode start-up course, easily break down, once break down, need complete machine to keep in repair, the useful life of DC speed regulator is reduced.Due to the inherent characteristic of direct current series-excited motor, under the prerequisite not changing its intrinsic mechanical property, be difficult to control preferably it.
Utility model content
The utility model proposes a kind of series machine DC speed regulator, solve the drawback that existing direct current machine cannot be operated in second and fourth quadrant under series excitation mode, achieve by the mode of electronic switch and turning to of motor is controlled, DC speed regulator structure is simple, stable, makes series machine have separate excitation characteristic.
The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in that this series machine DC speed regulator, comprise the speed adjusting lever to control module transmission of signal and reversing handle that are arranged at housing upper surface and the power module being arranged at enclosure interior, wherein, also be provided with power module, main circuit module, control module, IGBT drive circuit, excitation module, armature module and battery in housing, its technical essential is: the excitation module for powering for the excitation winding of motor is connected between main circuit module and the excitation winding of motor.
A kind of preferred version of the present utility model, the equal individual packages of described power module, control module, IGBT drive module, excitation module, armature module is in respective housing.
Another kind of preferred version of the present utility model, described main circuit module have with the use of be used for control the IGBT of motor steering and diode, the negative pole of the first diode connects the negative pole of the second diode, first diode is connected one end of motor excitation winding again with the tie point of the second diode, the positive pole of the 3rd diode connects the positive pole of the 4th diode, and the 3rd diode is connected with the other end of motor excitation winding with the tie point of the 4th diode again, the positive pole of the second diode is connected with the negative pole of the 3rd diode, second diode is connected the collector electrode of an IGBT again with the tie point of the 3rd diode, the collector electrode of the 2nd IGBT, the emitter of the one IGBT connects the collector electrode of the 3rd IGBT, one IGBT is connected one end of armature winding again with the tie point of the 3rd IGBT, the emitter of the 2nd IGBT connects the collector electrode of the 4th IGBT, 2nd IGBT is connected the other end of armature winding with the tie point of the 4th IGBT, the emitter of the 3rd IGBT and the emitter of the 4th IGBT link together, described IGBT inverse parallel the 5th diode, described 2nd IGBT inverse parallel the 6th diode, inverse parallel the 7th diode of described 3rd IGBT, described 4th IGBT inverse parallel the 8th diode.
Further preferred version of the present utility model, when speed regulator starts or accelerate, an IGBT and the 4th IGBT conducting simultaneously or shutoff, the 2nd IGBT and the 3rd IGBT conducting simultaneously or shutoff; In speed regulator brake or when slowing down, with conducting while of antiparallel 5th diode of an IGBT, the 8th diode antiparallel with the 4th IGBT.
Further preferred version of the present utility model, when decelerating through motor or brake, the electric current of armature winding increases, then antiparallel 5th diode current flow with an IGBT, form conducting loop with the second diode of the 5th Diode series, motor excitation winding, the 4th diode, battery, the 8th diode, armature winding, the excitation module supplemental current be connected with motor excitation windings in series is to motor excitation winding.
Another preferred version of the present utility model, described series machine DC speed regulator is connected in parallel multiple motor.
the beneficial effects of the utility model:series machine DC speed regulator of the present utility model, have employed IGBT to replace traditional hard switching control mode, utilize armature module to control IGBT drive module, adopt bipolar modulation, realizing the electronic commutation of motor by changing PWM duty ratio, substantially increasing the efficiency of speed regulator.Start and accelerate to adopt series excitation mode, slowing down and braking adopts separate excitation mode, does not make armature coil and magnet exciting coil separately during separate excitation, but ensures that magnet exciting coil magnetic flux is constant by excitation module, controls armature coil realization separately through armature module.In decelerating through motor or braking procedure, energy flow overexcitation coil feeds back to battery, magnet exciting coil is made additionally to obtain a part of magnetic flux, supplement the magnetic flux that electric current that excitation module should export produces on magnet exciting coil, the electric current that excitation module is exported reduces, and need not export at full capacity, reduce the power consumption that excitation module exports, by energy feedback when slowing down and brake in battery, thus the service time of battery can also be improved simultaneously, improve car load distance travelled.This syndeton, makes series machine can be operated in the second quadrant and fourth quadrant, makes series machine have separate excitation characteristic.The equal individual packages of described power module, control module, IGBT drive module, excitation module, armature module, in respective housing, is extremely convenient to maintenance and the maintenance of user, reduces the maintenance cost of product significantly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.
Fig. 1 is that the utility model DC speed regulator circuit connects block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the utility model DC speed regulator internal enclosing structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the IGBT drive module encapsulation schematic diagram of the utility model DC speed regulator;
Fig. 4 is the utility model control module schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the utility model armature module schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the utility model IGBT drive module schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the circuit theory diagrams that the utility model armature module lies prostrate change-over circuit frequently;
Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model armature module interface circuit;
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model motor driving controling circuit;
Figure 10 is failure detector circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is the utility model main circuit module schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is the utility model excitation module schematic diagram.
Embodiment
According to Fig. 1 ~ Figure 12, concrete structure of the present utility model is described.The series machine DC speed regulator of the present embodiment, its structure as shown in Figure 1, comprise the speed adjusting lever, the reversing handle that are positioned at hull outside, and be encapsulated in the power module 10 of DC speed regulator inside, main circuit module 2, control module 1, IGBT drive circuit 3, excitation module, armature module and battery 11.
Each module is described below:
Power module 10, for being the control module 1 in main circuit module 2, excitation module (e.g., excitation module 4, excitation module 6), armature module (e.g., armature module 5, armature module 7) power supply.
Main circuit module 2, utilizes conducting or the closedown of 8 IGBT in main circuit module, controls DC speed regulator motor and rotates forward or reversion.
Control module 1, sends enable signal to excitation module 4, excitation module 6, controls excitation module 4, the opening or turning off of excitation module 6.Send enable signal to armature module 5, control motor (e.g., motor 8, motor 9) speed and direction signal, control opening or turning off of armature module.Control module 1 also receives the alarm signal from excitation module and armature module simultaneously.
IGBT drive circuit 3, according to the PWM ripple signal that the armature module received (e.g., armature module 5 and armature module 7) sends, drives the IGBT in main circuit module 2 to open or turn off.
Excitation module (as, excitation module 4, excitation module 6), in brake or moderating process, keep excitation winding and armature winding series system in motor constant (as, excitation winding 12 in motor 8 is connected with armature winding 13, and the excitation winding 14 in motor 9 is connected with armature winding 15), for compensating the excitation winding of series machine (as excitation winding 12, excitation winding 14) the middle electric current reduced, the magnetic flux in the excitation winding of motor is remained unchanged.
Armature module (e.g., armature module 5, armature module 7), the PWM ripple that output duty cycle is adjustable, as the control signal of IGBT drive circuit 3, powers for IGBT drive circuit 3 simultaneously.
Battery 11: for powering for main circuit module 2.
Five submodules are comprised again in the whole fuselage of DC speed regulator in the present embodiment, i.e. control module 1, IGBT drive module 3, excitation module, armature module, the equal individual packages of power module 10 is in respective housing, be encapsulated in the enclosure interior of DC speed regulator more together, wherein, IGBT drive module is arranged on control module 1, bottom armature module, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, this structural design, even if certain component malfunction, direct replacing or repair this parts, without the need to keeping in repair complete machine, make the maintenance of DC speed regulator convenient, do not affect the use of user.
Circuit connection in conjunction with each parts is described the course of work of DC speed regulator:
In the present embodiment, employing DC speed regulator carries out speed governing and commutation process is: commutation: selector lever is first transferred to neutral gear and is transferred to advance again or retreats, and when being transferred to neutral gear, speed adjusting lever is transferred to 0 speed.Speed governing: first broken from neutral gear by selector lever and advance or retreat, representative powers on, and supply power voltage is DC200V to the maximum, is then saved from 0 speed to maximum velocity modulation by speed adjusting lever.
P+, P-and P0 end of the D07 pin of the output link control module 1 of speed adjusting lever 17 in the present embodiment, the palm fibre 1 of the D07 pin of the drive shift link control module 1 of reversing handle 18, indigo plant 1, black 1 end, the pin palm fibre 2 of the D07 of the retrogressing end shelves link control module 1 of reversing handle 18, indigo plant 2, black 2 ends, as shown in Figure 4.Control module in the present embodiment adopts (mixed signal) microcontroller, and model is MSP430F169.Below in conjunction with concrete circuit theory diagrams, motor DC speed regulator is described at startup, plus/minus speed, brake process, specific as follows:
The startup stage of motor DC speed regulator: when motor DC speed regulator starts, when reversing handle 18 gear signal is effective (e.g., forward gear is effective), DC speed regulation machine powers on, carry out initialization self-inspection work, can control motor without startup separator.After controller 1 receives the commutation signal of reversing handle 13, send instruction to armature module.Motor DC speed regulator can regulate and control multiple electric motors simultaneously, and when regulating and controlling a motor, the D13 terminal of control module connects armature module D13 terminal.When regulating and controlling two motors, the D13 terminal of control module connects the D13 terminal of armature module 5, and the D15 terminal of control module connects the terminal D15 of armature driver module 7, as shown in Figure 5.Armature module 5 connects D19, D20 terminal of IGBT drive module by D19 port, D20 port, armature module 7 connects D23 terminal, the D24 terminal of IGBT drive module by D23 terminal, D24 terminal, export the adjustable PWM ripple of two-way duty ratio respectively to IGBT drive module, as shown in Figure 6.Motor driving controling circuit in PWM ripple armature module as shown in Figure 9 produces, if in Fig. 9, V_REF_IN signal is 0, then dual PWM-VSI chip UC3637(as, U4) 4 pin and 7 pin A_out, B_out export the duty ratio PWM ripple of 50% respectively, and the PWM ripple that A_out exports is to the gate pole G of Q11, Q14 and emitter E, and the PWM ripple that B_out exports is to the gate pole G of Q12, the Q13 in main circuit module and emitter E, the actual electric current obtained of such armature winding is 0, and DC speed regulator starts.
The motor DC speed regulator acceleration or deceleration stage: speed adjusting lever 17 slowly accelerates by user, control module 1 receives reversing handle signal and speed adjusting lever signal, the voltage signal of speed adjusting lever 17 is converted to frequency signal through control module 1, at transmission enable signal, direction signal and frequency signal are to armature module, the frequency signal of reception is converted to voltage signal by armature module, namely the V_REF_A pin of controller 1 connects the V_REF_IN pin of armature module interface circuit, frequency signal is through the light-coupled isolation chip OP1 of frequency volt change-over circuit, frequently volt conversion chip LM331, put after calculating amplifier U2A, positive and negative variable voltage signal is converted to by frequency signal, as shown in figs. 7-9, again this voltage signal is exported to the V_REF_IN pin in motor-drive circuit.The EN_IN signal that control module 1 exports is connected to EN pin in PWM controller drive circuit through light-coupled isolation chip OP4, this signal is used for controlling the break-make of PWM controller the 4th pin, the 16th pin, for termination or the on off control of PWM controller.Control module 1 exports Dirction_IN and exports as Dirction through light-coupled isolation chip OP3, operational amplifier U2B is entered again through light MOSFET, carry out the positive and negative of regulation voltage signal V_REF_IN, during drive shift V_REF_IN magnitude of voltage be on the occasion of, when retreating shelves, V_REF_IN magnitude of voltage is negative value.Voltage signal and enable signal give PWM controller U4 after the logic in Fig. 9 and discharge circuit, the two-way PWM ripple that output duty cycle is adjustable after U4 internal arithmetic.During acceleration, A_out export duty bit by bit than B_out export large, during deceleration, A_out export duty approach bit by bit B_out export duty ratio, realize the control to motor acceleration or deceleration.
In the motor DC speed regulator brake stage: when speed adjusting lever is placed in brake gear, given torque of now braking is minimum braking torque, and user can adjust speed adjusting lever gradually afterwards, increase braking torque until electric locomotive stops.The PWM controller that Fig. 9 exports exports (A_out=50% B_out=50%) with 50% duty ratio, increase braking torque gradually and (increase output duty cycle, namely the duty ratio of B_out is increased, reduce A_out duty ratio, difference between them is increased), when stopping to electric locomotive, keep when the given torque of front brake.Meanwhile, the electric current of armature winding gets back to battery through the antiparallel diode of IGBT, both saves the energy, and raises the efficiency again.
Main circuit module 2 in the present embodiment as shown in figure 11.Main circuit module 2 have with the use of be used for control the IGBT of motor steering and diode, the negative pole of diode D11 connects the negative pole of diode D12, the E1+ that diode D11 is connected motor excitation winding again with the tie point of diode D12 holds, the positive pole of the cathode connecting diode D13 of diode D14, diode D14 holds with the E-of motor excitation winding with the tie point of diode D13 again and is connected, the positive pole of diode D12 is connected with the negative pole of diode D13, diode D12 is connected the collector electrode of Q11 again with the tie point of diode D13, the collector electrode of Q12, the emitter of Q11 connects the collector electrode of Q13, the tie point of Q11 and Q13 connects the A1+ end of armature winding again, Q12 emitter connects the collector electrode of Q14, the tie point of Q12 and Q14 connects the A1-end of armature winding, the emitter of Q13 and the emitter of Q14 link together, Q11 anti-paralleled diode D15, Q12 anti-paralleled diode D16, the anti-paralleled diode D17 of Q13, Q14 anti-paralleled diode D18.
Employing bipolarity PWM mode in the present embodiment controls motor and runs, when motor DC speed regulator starts or accelerate, and same time period, Q11 and Q13 conducting simultaneously or shutoff, another time period, Q12 and Q14 conducting simultaneously or shutoff.Wherein Q11 and Q12 complementary output, Q13 and Q14 in like manner.
In the brake of motor DC speed regulator or when slowing down, with conducting while of Q11 antiparallel diode D15, diode D18 antiparallel with Q14.Just namely be added to G(gate pole in control signal), E(collector electrode) two ends pressure reduction is malleation, and be greater than cut-in voltage, certain IGBT just meeting conducting in main circuit module, two IGBT (as Q11 and Q13, Q12 and Q14) on same brachium pontis can not simultaneously conducting, and IGBT module overcurrent can be caused like this to demolish.
Excitation winding and the armature winding of direct current series-excited motor operationally adopt series system, under this mode, motor can only be operated in first and third quadrant (can remove), under motor runs the second quadrant and fourth quadrant when braking, the excitation winding of the series connection in motor, armature winding is then needed to disconnect, DC power supply is utilized to power to excitation winding separately, motor just can be made to work under separate excitation mode, the application of DC speed regulator is restricted, and the process that the present embodiment makes series machine realize separate excitation mode is:
When motor DC speed regulator starts and accelerate, electric current flows to armature by battery, anode B+, battery cathode B-power to main circuit module 2, the electric current of battery from positive pole B+ through the positive pole E1+ of diode D11 to excitation winding, the negative pole E1-of excitation winding, again through diode D13 to bus 18DC+, through the positive pole A1+ of Q11 to armature winding, the negative pole A1-of armature winding, the negative pole B-of battery is got back to again through diode Q14, simultaneously bus DC+ also through the emitter of Q12, armature winding negative pole A1-, armature winding positive pole A1+, Q13 to the negative pole B-of battery.At this moment, the electric current in armature winding is exactly the superposition value of these two electric currents, utilizes the PWM ripple of the bipolar modulation in armature winding to control motor:
Control motor rotates forward: when namely reversing handle is forward gear, keep exciting current constant, the PWM ripple exported due to armature module adopts bipolar modulation, by the duty ratio of control A_out, B_out, as long as make output A_out larger than B_out duty ratio, electric current just can be made just to be, motor can be realized and rotate forward.
Controlling motor reversal: when namely reversing handle is for retreating gear, keeping exciting current constant, as long as make output A_out less than B_out duty ratio, electric current just can be made to be negative, can motor reversal be made.
Series machine slow down and brake time, should being operated in second, fourth quadrant, in the present embodiment, without the need to cutting off the connection of excitation winding and armature winding, the deceleration to motor and brake control can being realized.Due in brake or moderating process, the magnetic flux of excitation winding reduces, two can be operated in order to make series machine, four-quadrant, namely braking and anti-braking function is had, only the magnetic flux of excitation winding need be kept constant, the effect of the excitation module of the present embodiment is exactly the electric current compensating excitation winding minimizing, because electric current and magnetic flux are directly proportional, compensate the electric current of excitation winding, even if the magnetic flux of excitation winding is constant.
Be specially:
Due in DC speed regulator deceleration and brake process, electric current in armature winding becomes rapidly large, the then antiparallel diode D15 conducting with Q11, the diode D12 connected with diode D15, (input is E1+ to motor excitation winding, output is E1-), diode D14, (input is B+ to battery, output is B-), diode D18, (input is A1-to armature winding, output is A+) form conducting loop, utilize excitation module supplemental current that excitation module is connected with motor excitation windings in series to motor excitation winding, series machine can be made to have separate excitation characteristic.
Excitation module in the present embodiment as shown in figure 12.When control module 1 receives the deceleration or brake signal that speed adjusting lever sends, control module 1 is connected with the D14 terminal of excitation module 4 by D14 terminal, control module 1 is connected with the D16 terminal of excitation module 5 by D16 terminal, instruction is sent to excitation module, control excitation module conducting, make excitation module be that excitation winding in motor is powered.Excitation module in the present embodiment is by bussed supply.
DC speed regulator in the present embodiment, no matter be Acceleration of starting or slowing-down brake, exciting current is all E1+ to the E1-of the excitation winding from motor, in other words, even if in brake or moderating process, the magnetic flux of excitation winding is in reduction, but do not become negative value or 0 yet, this makes excitation module only need supplement one part of current need not to export at full capacity to magnet exciting coil, reduce the power consumption of excitation module, and this advantage just the existing series excitation characteristic of series DC machine have separate excitation characteristic to produce.
Also failure detector circuit is provided with in armature module in the present embodiment, the current delivery that instrument transformer group in the present embodiment gathers to armature module and excitation module as shown in Figure 10, fault detect is carried out after armature module received current signal, the OCR that OCR end, OTF end and OVF end are connected PWM controller drive circuit respectively holds, OTF holds and OVF end, detect for overcurrent, excess temperature, overvoltage, once the electric current detected, temperature and voltage exceed set point, then to controller output alarm signal, and stop the operation of DC speed regulator.
The above; be only embodiment of the present utility model; but protection range of the present utility model is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the utility model discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection range of the present utility model.Therefore, protection range of the present utility model should be as the criterion with the protection range of described claim.
Claims (6)
1. a series machine DC speed regulator, comprise the speed adjusting lever to control module transmission of signal and reversing handle that are arranged at housing upper surface and the power module being arranged at enclosure interior, wherein, also be provided with power module, main circuit module, control module, IGBT drive circuit, excitation module, armature module and battery in housing, it is characterized in that:
Excitation module for powering for the excitation winding of motor is connected between main circuit module and the excitation winding of motor.
2. series machine DC speed regulator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the equal individual packages of described control module, IGBT drive module, excitation module, armature module, power module is in respective housing.
3. series machine DC speed regulator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described main circuit module have with the use of be used for control the IGBT of motor steering and diode, the negative pole of the first diode connects the negative pole of the second diode, first diode is connected one end of motor excitation winding again with the tie point of the second diode, the positive pole of the 3rd diode connects the positive pole of the 4th diode, and the 3rd diode is connected with the other end of motor excitation winding with the tie point of the 4th diode again, the positive pole of the second diode is connected with the negative pole of the 3rd diode, second diode is connected the collector electrode of an IGBT again with the tie point of the 3rd diode, the collector electrode of the 2nd IGBT, the emitter of the one IGBT connects the collector electrode of the 3rd IGBT, one IGBT is connected one end of armature winding again with the tie point of the 3rd IGBT, the emitter of the 2nd IGBT connects the collector electrode of the 4th IGBT, 2nd IGBT is connected the other end of armature winding with the tie point of the 4th IGBT, the emitter of the 3rd IGBT and the emitter of the 4th IGBT link together, described IGBT inverse parallel the 5th diode, described 2nd IGBT inverse parallel the 6th diode, inverse parallel the 7th diode of described 3rd IGBT, described 4th IGBT inverse parallel the 8th diode.
4. series machine DC speed regulator as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: when speed regulator starts or accelerate, an IGBT and the 4th IGBT conducting simultaneously or shutoff, the 2nd IGBT and the 3rd IGBT conducting simultaneously or shutoff; In speed regulator brake or when slowing down, with conducting while of antiparallel 5th diode of an IGBT, the 8th diode antiparallel with the 4th IGBT.
5. series machine DC speed regulator as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when decelerating through motor or brake, the electric current of armature winding increases, then antiparallel 5th diode current flow with an IGBT, form conducting loop with the second diode of the 5th Diode series, motor excitation winding, the 4th diode, battery, the 8th diode, armature winding, the excitation module supplemental current be connected with motor excitation windings in series is to motor excitation winding.
6. series machine DC speed regulator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described series machine DC speed regulator connects multiple electric motors simultaneously.
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| CN201520005426.6U CN204290800U (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | Series machine DC speed regulator |
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| CN201520005426.6U CN204290800U (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | Series machine DC speed regulator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112448620A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-05 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | Motor brake control method and device and electric tool |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112448620A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-05 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | Motor brake control method and device and electric tool |
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