CN204206059U - Photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement - Google Patents
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- CN204206059U CN204206059U CN201420517762.4U CN201420517762U CN204206059U CN 204206059 U CN204206059 U CN 204206059U CN 201420517762 U CN201420517762 U CN 201420517762U CN 204206059 U CN204206059 U CN 204206059U
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Abstract
Photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement, comprise the photovoltaic module string (1) in a row arranged, be arranged in the header box (2) often arranging photovoltaic module string (1) centre position, front, be connected with header box (2) by the one-level cable (7) that confluxes with each photovoltaic module (11) in row, be positioned at the single header box (2) often arranging photovoltaic module string (1) centre position, front to be connected with inverter (4) by the secondary cable (3) that confluxes, described left and right two parts form photovoltaic generation unit (8) and are arranged to square, described inverter (4) is positioned at the side of place major trunk roads (6), described inverter (4) has two, every platform inverter (4) connects the half photovoltaic generation unit (8) of homonymy.The utility model, by considering the factors such as direct current cables consumption, line loss, line drop change, inverter power output, reaches the object that photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profitization is arranged.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to photovoltaic power generation technology, refers to a kind of photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement particularly.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generation unit is tissue basic in a photovoltaic plant.Usual each photovoltaic generation unit configures a transformer and some inverters.In Practical Project, the photovoltaic installed capacity of a photovoltaic generation unit does not have fixed pattern, has with 500kWp scale design photovoltaic generation unit, has according to the scale design such as 1MWp, 2MWp photovoltaic generation unit yet.Part research is mentioned photovoltaic array and is arranged to rectangle as far as possible, but does not analyze the reasonable Arrangement of inverter.
The general layout photovoltaic module of photovoltaic plant needs to avoid being blocked by shade as far as possible, therefore inverter is usually placed in the outside of whole photovoltaic generation unit, simultaneously, the inverter of multiple photovoltaic generation unit is placed in the both sides of place major trunk roads, thus the construction of road in place can be reduced, reducing the construction costs.But, these designs do not consider that inverter arrangements may increase direct current cables consumption outside photovoltaic generation unit, and in photovoltaic plant, direct current cables consumption is more, increasing cable consumption causes line loss and line drop to become large, affects the overall generating efficiency (as shown in Figure 3) of photovoltaic plant.
In photovoltaic plant, the Typical Disposition of photovoltaic module and inverter makes the two power match, and namely the photovoltaic installed capacity of every 500kWp configures the inverter of a 500kW.But from actual operating state analysis, the photovoltaic module of 1MWp installed capacity cannot reach the specified output of 1MW, therefore, the inverter overwhelming majority time is run when being less than rated power.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is the weak point overcoming above-mentioned existing background technology, and provides a kind of photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement.
The purpose of this utility model is reached by following measure: photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement, it is characterized in that: comprise the photovoltaic module string in a row arranged, be arranged in the header box often arranging centre position, photovoltaic module string front, be connected with header box by the one-level cable that confluxes with each photovoltaic module in row, be positioned at the single header box often arranging centre position, photovoltaic module string front to be connected with inverter by the secondary cable that confluxes, described many rows photovoltaic module was ganged up place major trunk roads and was divided into left and right two parts, described left and right two parts form photovoltaic generation unit and are arranged to square, described inverter is positioned at the side of place major trunk roads, described inverter has two, every platform inverter connects the half photovoltaic generation unit (8) of homonymy, inverter described in two is connected with transformer.
In technique scheme, described inverter arrangements is in the geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit.
In technique scheme, the position of described header box is adjacent with photovoltaic module string.
The utility model is in conjunction with the feature of photovoltaic plant, photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit designing technique is proposed, by making rational planning for, photovoltaic generation unit arranges general layout and installed capacity, reduce direct current to conflux cable consumption, reduce line power loss, maximize the power benefit of single photovoltaic generation unit; By the installed capacity according to each reasonable disposition photovoltaic generation unit, reduce the unit MW engineering construction cost of photovoltaic generation unit; By the configuration of photovoltaic generation unit installed capacity slightly larger than inverter rated capacity, to realize making full use of of inverter.
The utility model photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement comprises following main points: photovoltaic generation unit is arranged to dead square general layout as far as possible, inverter arrangements is in the accurate geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit, header box is arranged in often to be arranged in the middle of photovoltaic array, the installed capacity of photovoltaic generation unit photovoltaic module reaches 1MW for equipping rules to make all inverter gross outputs, and single inverter photovoltaic module power should by 1.1 of inverter rated power times configuration.
The utility model based on the basic theories of " under area certain condition, circular perimeter is the shortest, and square secondly ", and considers construction feasibility, proposes foursquare photovoltaic generation unit first and arranges general layout.Photovoltaic tandem in photovoltaic generation unit is in a row arranged to one group of photovoltaic array, some groups of photovoltaic arrays form a photovoltaic generation unit, different with photovoltaic module quantity in photovoltaic array according to the spacing between photovoltaic array, each photovoltaic array quantity can adjust, but the integral arrangement of each photovoltaic generation unit is dead square.Although when being arranged to circle, the cable distribution in photovoltaic generation unit may be fewer than the layout consumption of rectangle, and in Practical Project, the photovoltaic generation unit land utilization ratio of circular arrangement is not high.
In the utility model, each photovoltaic generation unit arranges two inverters, and according to making inverter gross output be the specification configuration photovoltaic module installed power of 1MW, photovoltaic module string is arranged in inverter both sides, and half photovoltaic module is arranged in every side.Inverter due to each photovoltaic generation unit adopts the scheme concentrated and place usually, and the installation scale of photovoltaic generation unit is larger, and total direct current cables consumption of unit MW photovoltaic is larger, and construction cost will be caused to increase.And the installation scale of photovoltaic generation unit is when being less than unit MW, the cost advantage that scale is arranged can not be embodied.
In the utility model, inverter centralized arrangement is in the accurate geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit, and photovoltaic generation unit two groups of capacity such as to be divided into and to be arranged in two inverter both sides, and the photovoltaic module of homonymy accesses same inverter.By inverter arrangements in the accurate geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit, can make in a photovoltaic generation unit, photovoltaic combiner box is peripheral at photovoltaic generation unit to the total length of the cable that confluxes of inverter much smaller than inverter arrangements, has both reduced cable consumption, and has also reduced line loss.With inverter arrangements compared with the photovoltaic array periphery, this layout increases segment path construction cost, but the cable consumption reduced thus and reduce gene-ration revenue that line loss brings far above road cost
In the utility model, every side same row's photovoltaic module string shares a photovoltaic combiner box, and photovoltaic combiner box is arranged in the centre of each row's photovoltaic module string.Adopt this kind to arrange, photovoltaic group string to the total cable length of photovoltaic combiner box is less than cable consumption when photovoltaic combiner box is arranged in the outside of row's photovoltaic module string, can reduce cable consumption.
The photovoltaic module peak power that every platform inverter connects in the utility model is greater than the rated input power of inverter, is less than the maximum permission input power of inverter simultaneously, with photovoltaic module access peak power for inverter rated input power 1.1 is doubly advisable.In photovoltaic plant, the Typical Disposition of photovoltaic module and inverter makes the two power match, and namely the photovoltaic installed capacity of every 500kWp configures the inverter of a 500kW.But from actual operating state analysis, the photovoltaic module of 1MWp installed capacity cannot reach the specified output of 1MW, therefore, the inverter overwhelming majority time is run when being less than rated power.Adopt present design polygamy photovoltaic module, the real output of inverter can be improved, make full use of the fan-out capability of inverter, and inverter quantity needed for the photovoltaic module of identical scale is less, reduces project cost.The present invention breaks the normal procedure the super fixing thinking of joining of inverter input power, reduces project cost, improve photovoltaic generation unit power benefit while the utilance improving the equipment such as inverter, transformer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the photovoltaic generation unit floor plan of photovoltaic plant of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the wiring schematic diagram of photovoltaic module string and header box in photovoltaic generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is transformer and the structural representation of inverter arrangements in photovoltaic generation unit periphery in prior art.
Fig. 4 is the characteristics of output power P-U curve chart of photovoltaic array.
Fig. 5 is the efficiency curve diagram of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
In figure: 1. photovoltaic module string, 11. photovoltaic modulies, 2. header box, 3. secondary confluxes cable, 4. inverter, 5. transformer, 6. place major trunk roads, and 7. one-level is confluxed cable, 8. photovoltaic generation unit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail, but this is also formed restriction of the present utility model, only for example.Simultaneously by illustrating that advantage of the present utility model will become clearly and easy understand,
Accompanying drawings is known: the utility model photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement, comprise the photovoltaic module string 1 in a row arranged, be arranged in the header box 2 often arranging centre position, photovoltaic module string 1 front, be connected with header box 2 by the one-level cable 7 that confluxes with each photovoltaic module 11 in row, be positioned at the single header box 2 often arranging centre position, photovoltaic module string 1 front to be connected with inverter 4 by the secondary cable 3 that confluxes, described many rows photovoltaic module string 1 is divided into left and right two parts by place major trunk roads 6, described left and right two parts form photovoltaic generation unit 8 and are arranged to square, described inverter 4 is positioned at the side of place major trunk roads 6, described inverter 4 has two, every platform inverter 4 connects the half photovoltaic generation unit 8 of homonymy, inverter 4 described in two is connected with transformer 5.Described inverter 4 is arranged in the geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit.The position of described header box 2 is adjacent with photovoltaic module string 1.
The main points of the utility model arrangement:
One, photovoltaic generation unit is arranged to square
Photovoltaic generation unit, according to field condition, usually can be arranged to square, rectangle and circle shape, and other is irregularly shaped.Consider from design, construction and aesthetical point, photovoltaic generation unit is arranged to regular figure as far as possible.According to theory analysis, under the condition that area is certain, circular girth is the shortest, and square secondly.When being arranged to circle, the cable distribution in photovoltaic generation unit may be fewer than the layout consumption of rectangle, but consider from Practical Project angle, the photovoltaic generation unit construction inconvenience of circular arrangement, and the vacant lot between adjacent photovoltaic generator unit is all wasted.Therefore, photovoltaic generation unit is arranged to the square general layout (as Fig. 1) of rule as far as possible.
Two, transformer and inverter arrangements are in the accurate geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit
In FIG, photovoltaic generation unit entirety is arranged in dead square, and inverter 4 and transformer 5 are arranged in the accurate geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit, and photovoltaic array is in a row arranged in inverter both sides, and the installed capacity of every sidelight photovoltaic assembly is equal.
In Fig. 3, photovoltaic generation unit entirety is arranged in dead square, and inverter 4 and transformer 5 are arranged in the outside of photovoltaic generation unit.
Arrange photovoltaic generation unit according to Fig. 1, need the extra place major trunk roads 6 built major trunk roads and lead to transformer and inverter.Arrange photovoltaic generation unit according to Fig. 3, it is other that inverter 4 and transformer 5 directly can be arranged in place major trunk roads 6, decreases road construction cost.
For ease of comparing, assuming that the photovoltaic generation unit in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is 1MWp, the spacing between each horizontally-arranged photovoltaic module is 5m.Then can estimate and arrange that the every MW generator unit of photovoltaic plant reduces road than the arrangement of Fig. 1 and is about 270m according to Fig. 3.Corresponding saving road construction cost about 5000 yuan.
But the cable consumption in comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 3 arrangement, assuming that one-level is confluxed, cable 7 all adopts 2 × 6mm
2special photovoltaic cable, the cable 3 that confluxes of the secondary between header box 2 and inverter 4 adopts 1 × 50mm
2power cable, then can calculate cable consumption respectively as shown in table 1.
Table 1MW photovoltaic generation unit cable amount ratio comparatively
Can see from table 1, inverter 4 is placed on secondary that photovoltaic generation unit periphery mainly adds header box 2 to inverter 4 and confluxes the consumption of cable 3, the cable that confluxes of every MW generator unit increase about 2300m.This brings two problems:
(1) cost that the cable consumption increased brings increases the cost reduction much larger than building road less and bringing.
(2) consider according to photovoltaic module Operation at full power, the electric current confluxed on cable is about 96A, and 1 × 50mm
2the resistivity of cable of confluxing is 0.387 Ω/km, and therefore every MW photovoltaic generation unit is about because increase the power loss that cable consumption brings: 96
2× 0.387 × 2.3=8203W, calculate according to 1MWp photovoltaic generation power, the loss on circuit about increases by 0.82%.
Therefore, consider, inverter 4 and transformer 5 are arranged in the accurate geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit, economy is better, and power station generating efficiency is higher.
Three, photovoltaic generation unit installed capacity preferentially adopts 1MW scale
Be arranged in the principle of photovoltaic generation unit geometric center according to inverter 4 and transformer 5 as far as possible, arrange 4 photovoltaic generation units according to each photovoltaic generation unit inverter gross output 500kW, 1MW, 2MW, 3MW.The arrangement form of photovoltaic generation unit as shown in Figure 1, only has difference in scale, not another accompanying drawing.
1. on the impact of cost
1) cable cost contrast
Assuming that one-level is confluxed, cable 7 all adopts 2 × 6mm
2special photovoltaic cable, the secondary cable 3 that confluxes adopts 1 × 50mm
2power cable, then the cable consumption of different photovoltaic generation unit and EU Equivalent Unit MW cable Dosage calculation as follows:
Table 2 different size photovoltaic generation unit cable consumption statistical form
Can see from table 2, the photovoltaic generation unit direct current cables consumption of different installed capacity is almost suitable, because although photovoltaic generation unit capacity is different, but the photovoltaic module quantity on each photovoltaic bracket is substantially identical, and the position of the position of each header box in photovoltaic generation unit is basically identical, therefore one-level cable 7 consumption that confluxes is basically identical.The cable usage variance of different photovoltaic generation unit is mainly reflected in secondary and confluxes on cable 3 consumption.
According to current 1 × 50mm
2power cable price 30 yuan/m calculates, 1MWp photovoltaic generation unit power cable cost is about 44.4 ten thousand yuan, and the every MW power cable cost of 0.5MWp, 2MWp, 3MWp photovoltaic generation unit equivalence is compared the change of 1MWp photovoltaic generation unit and is respectively (1240-1480) × 30=-0.7 ten thousand yuan, (2410-1480) × 30=2.79 ten thousand yuan, (3333-1480) × 30=5.56 ten thousand yuan.Namely photovoltaic generation unit scale is larger, and cable consumption is larger.
2) transformer Cost comparisons
Different photovoltaic generation units can adopt the step-up transformer of different capabilities, and namely 0.5MW, 1MW, 2MW, 3MW photovoltaic generation unit can adopt 0.5MVA, 1MVA, 2MVA, 3MVA transformer respectively.Calculate according to current market price, the price of these four kinds of transformers is about 120,000 yuan, 210,000 yuan, 370,000 yuan, 500,000 yuan respectively, and the transformer cost of corresponding unit MW photovoltaic installed capacity is respectively 240,000 yuan, 210,000 yuan, 18.5 ten thousand yuan, 16.33 ten thousand yuan.Namely transformer capacity is larger, and the cost of unit MW is lower.
Integrated comparative, based on the cost of 1MW photovoltaic generation unit, the photovoltaic generation unit main unit MW cable cost of different scales and transformer Cost comparisons as shown in the table:
1 × the 50mm of table 3 different scales photovoltaic generation unit unit MW
2cable and transformer Cost comparisons
| Scale | 0.5MW | 1MW | 2MW | 3MW |
| Cable cost (ten thousand yuan) | -0.7 | 44.4 | +2.79 | +5.56 |
| Transformer cost (ten thousand yuan) | +3 | 21 | -2.5 | -4.67 |
Can see from table 3, MW level photovoltaic generation unit is at 1 × 50mm
2integrated cost difference on cable and transformer is very little, and economy is suitable, and wherein the photovoltaic generation unit unit MW cost of 0.5MW scale is the highest, is mainly to embody the scale advantage that photovoltaic plant is arranged.
2. on the impact of energy output
1) line loss contrast
Because the one-level direct current cables consumption of unit MW photovoltaic generation unit is suitable, therefore line loss is also suitable, and main line loss difference is embodied in secondary and confluxes on cable.
According to 1 × 50mm
2the resistivity of cable of confluxing is that 0.387 Ω/km calculates and the statistics of table 2, and the power loss that the secondary of the photovoltaic generation unit unit MW installed capacity of different scales confluxes on cable (3) is respectively:
0.5MW scale: 96
2× 0.387 × 1.24=4422W
1MW scale: 96
2× 0.387 × 1.48=5278W
2MW scale: 96
2× 0.387 × 2.41=8596W
3MW scale: 96
2× 0.387 × 3.33=11877W
Visible, because photovoltaic generation unit that scale the is larger cable consumption that confluxes is more, therefore line loss is also larger.The increase of line loss reduces the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic plant, from the angle contrast improving Solar use efficiency, adopts the photovoltaic generation unit unit of small-scale to be more conducive to improving the energy output of photovoltaic plant; Wherein, 0.5MW and 1MW scale secondary direct current line loss difference of confluxing is less; Only compare with 2MW scale power generation unit, 1MW scale power generation unit line loss reduces about 0.33%.
2) to the contrast of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter maximal power tracing (MPPT) effect
The characteristics of output power P-U curve of photovoltaic array is illustrated in figure 4 single convex peak-shaped curve, when the operating voltage U of photovoltaic array is U
mavtime, the power output P of photovoltaic array is maximum power P
max, be the maximum power point of curve.For this reason, photovoltaic array must realize MPPT maximum power point tracking control, so that array constantly obtains maximum power output under any condition.The realization of MPPT be in fact one from searching process, namely by measuring electric current, voltage and power, determine the position relationship of present operating point and peak point, and regulate quiescent potential (or electric current), make it draw close to peak power point, make photovoltaic array can under various different sunshine and temperature environment intelligently Maximum Power Output P
max.
The photovoltaic generation unit that installed capacity is larger, floor space is larger, and distance inverter 4 header box 2 is farthest much far away than nearest header box 2.When on every root confluxes cable, the magnitude of current is the same, the longer voltage drop of confluxing on cable is larger.Thus cause different header box larger in the exit potential difference of inverter end.And a working point can only be had during inverter work, maximum power point (mpp) is departed from too far in the working point of the photovoltaic module that section of bus case can be caused like this to connect, thus reduces the power output of these photovoltaic modulies, affects energy output.
The photovoltaic generation unit of contrast 0.5MW, 1MW, 2MW and 3MW, the shortest secondary cable 3 length of confluxing is 21m, and the longest secondary cable 3 that confluxes is respectively 45m, 54m, 98m and 145m.Be 1 × 50mm according to cable specification of confluxing
2, its resistivity is 0.387 Ω/km meter, and maximum voltage-drop is respectively about 1.7V, 2V, 3.6V, 5.4V.As can be seen here, photovoltaic generation unit scale is larger, and the voltage difference between header box to inverter port is larger, and the photovoltaic module being so difficult to work near maximal power tracing point is more, thus affects the gross generation of whole photovoltaic plant.
Therefore, from the angle of MPPT tracing control, the scale of photovoltaic generation unit is less, is more conducive to the energy output improving the installed capacity of unit MW photovoltaic.
In sum, the scale of photovoltaic generation unit is less, is more conducive to the energy output improving unit MW photovoltaic module.But the engineering cost of 0.5MW photovoltaic generation unit is too high, therefore, this engineering adopts the photovoltaic generation unit of inverter general export power 1MW can obtain good balance between energy output and project cost.
Four, photovoltaic module and inverter capacity ratio are optimized
In photovoltaic plant, the Typical Disposition of photovoltaic module and inverter makes the two power match, and namely the photovoltaic installed capacity of every 500kWp configures the inverter of a 500kW.
But from actual operating state analysis, the photovoltaic module of 1MWp installed capacity cannot reach the specified output of 1MW, therefore, the inverter overwhelming majority time is run when being less than rated power.
The specification consulting inverter is known, the input power of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter allows to be greater than its rated power, namely the input power that the inverter of 500kW normally runs is no more than 560kW, and analyze according to the efficiency curve (as shown in Figure 5) of inverter, the power output of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is after more than 50%, its efficiency change is very little, basicly stable same value, namely under security situation, increase the photovoltaic module installed capacity of inverter input terminal, the operating efficiency of inverter can not be reduced.Therefore, according to every platform 500kW inverter configuration 550kWp photovoltaic module, even if photovoltaic module is not because the restriction of efficiency reaches rated power, the gross output of inverter is also greater than power output when only configuring 500kWp photovoltaic module, and can not damage inverter.
Calculate according to the installed capacity of 500kW inverter configuration 550kW photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic generation unit can install 1.1MWp photovoltaic module altogether.This kind of design has saved the quantity of inverter and transformer than the photovoltaic plant of conventional equivalent capability.
In sum, the installed capacity of employing photovoltaic is that the mode of inverter rated power 1.1 times configures photovoltaic module, while raising inverter output power, reduce project cost, thus reduces the degree electricity cost of photovoltaic plant.
Other unspecified part is prior art.
Claims (3)
1. photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement, it is characterized in that: comprise the photovoltaic module string (1) in a row arranged, be arranged in the header box (2) often arranging photovoltaic module string (1) centre position, front, be connected with header box (2) by the one-level cable (7) that confluxes with each photovoltaic module (11) in row, be positioned at the single header box (2) often arranging photovoltaic module string (1) centre position, front to be connected with inverter (4) by the secondary cable (3) that confluxes, described many rows photovoltaic module string (1) is divided into left and right two parts by place major trunk roads (6), described left and right two parts form photovoltaic generation unit (8) and are arranged to square, described inverter (4) is positioned at the side of place major trunk roads (6), described inverter (4) has two, every platform inverter (4) connects the half photovoltaic generation unit (8) of homonymy, inverter (4) described in two is connected with transformer (5).
2. photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inverter (4) is arranged in the geometric center of photovoltaic generation unit.
3. photovoltaic generation unit maximizing generation profit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the position of described header box (2) is adjacent with photovoltaic module string (1).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106557650A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-05 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic plant device layout method |
| CN107464038A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-12-12 | 甘肃省科学院自然能源研究所 | The design method and system of a kind of solar photo-voltaic power generation station |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106557650A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-05 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic plant device layout method |
| CN107464038A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-12-12 | 甘肃省科学院自然能源研究所 | The design method and system of a kind of solar photo-voltaic power generation station |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |