CN204179908U - A kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor - Google Patents
A kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN204179908U CN204179908U CN201420637823.0U CN201420637823U CN204179908U CN 204179908 U CN204179908 U CN 204179908U CN 201420637823 U CN201420637823 U CN 201420637823U CN 204179908 U CN204179908 U CN 204179908U
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Abstract
The utility model is a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor, and described motor comprises stator, rotor, winding, commutator, intercoil connection, equalizer, brush, stator magnet number of poles to be 2p, p be greater than 1 integer; The number of teeth of rotor or groove number to be Z, Z be greater than 1 integer, and Z=3p, often extremely every groove number q=Z/2p=1.5; Winding is three-phase fractional-slot concentratred winding, and span is 1, and on rotor tooth adjacent winding be followed successively by Wa, Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa or Wa, the continuous circulation of Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa constantly follow bad; The number of segment of commutator is Z or 2Z; The quantity of intercoil connection is 0 or Z; The quantity of equalizer is 6(p-1) or 3(p-1) or 6(p-1) multiple or 3(p-1) multiple; The quantity of brush be 1 to or several to or p couple.The utility model possesses the characteristic of high power density, high energy efficiency, low torque ripple and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to motor, relates to a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor specifically, the permanent-magnet DC brush motor of especially a kind of high power density, high energy efficiency, low torque ripple and low cost.
Background technology
Magneto is the general designation of a large series products, wherein comprises permanent-magnet DC brush motor, permanent magnet DC brushless motor, permagnetic synchronous motor, and these three kinds of motors are all known products, are widely used in the every aspect of life; Under the requirement of carbon cycle economy, user more and more pursues high power density, high energy efficiency, low torque fluctuation and the motor of low cost.PMDCM is as conventional permanent magnet motor, be developed so far, the overwhelming majority belongs to the structure of few pole multiple-grooved, use heap lap winding, there is the advantages such as structure is simple, with low cost, reliable, but its rotor windings coefficient is low, stator yoke density is high causes that power density is low, efficiency is low, material consumption is many, overall weight is large, and user does not more and more favor such motor.Permanent magnet DC brushless motor tends to the few groove structure of multipole and three-phase fractional-slot concentratred winding at present, it possesses the advantages such as high power density, high energy efficiency and Based Intelligent Control, gradually in the various application of alternative PMDCM, but the brush of its controller cost super-P MDCM far away and the cost of commutator, even be equal to the cost of PMDCM, in addition, the electromagnetic compatibility problem that the torque pulsation that brings of the transition of its phase current and electronic devices and components bring also can increase cost indirectly.Permagnetic synchronous motor can regard the special shape of PMBLDCM as, when the phase back-emf waveform of PMBLDCM is sinusoidal wave, when phase current waveform is also sine wave, this motor i.e. PMBLDCM, its torque ripple is very little, be widely used in industrial servo actuator and household electrical appliance, but its frequency-variable controller cost high also limited to its application.
Utility model content
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides the advantages such as a kind of structure both having had traditional permanent-magnet DC brush motor is simple, reliable, possess again the advantages such as the high power density of permanent magnet DC brushless motor, high energy efficiency, can also reduce costs further, reduce weight, and have the permanent-magnet DC brush motor of certain torque pulsation advantage.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The utility model is a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor, and described motor comprises stator, rotor, winding, commutator, intercoil connection, equalizer, brush,
Stator magnet number of poles to be 2p, p be greater than 1 integer;
The number of teeth of rotor or groove number to be Z, Z be greater than 1 integer, and Z=3p, often extremely every groove number q=Z/2p=1.5;
Winding is three-phase fractional-slot concentratred winding, and span is 1, and on rotor tooth adjacent winding be followed successively by Wa, Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa or Wa, the continuous circulation of Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa constantly follow bad;
The number of segment of commutator is Z or 2Z;
The quantity of intercoil connection is 0 or Z;
The quantity of equalizer is 6(p-1) or 3(p-1) or 6(p-1) multiple or 3(p-1) multiple;
The quantity of brush be 1 to or several to or p couple.
Further improvement of the utility model is: the two ends of each winding are connected to two adjacent with it commutator segments respectively.
Further improvement of the utility model is: within the scope of each 360 ° of electrical degrees, and described winding energising is combined as 6, namely commutates 6 times, and every 60 ° of electrical degrees commutation once.
Further improvement of the utility model is: at a distance of the brush of (2n-1) 180 ° of electrical degrees, and brush is connected to both ends of power respectively, n be greater than 1 integer.
Further improvement of the utility model is: use equalizer to connect the commutator segment of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees apart, or connect the commutator segment brush of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees by brush holder assembly.
Further improvement of the utility model is: use equalizer to connect at a distance of the commutator segment of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees, brush be 1 to or several right.
Further improvement of the utility model is: the electrical degree that brush contacts with described commutator is less than 60 °.
Further improvement of the utility model is: number of segment is 2Z, and when intercoil connection quantity is Z, intercoil connection is connected to the adjacent adjacent commutator segment of same winding and all the other adjacent commutator segments all use intercoil connection to connect.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model possesses the characteristic of high power density, high energy efficiency, low torque ripple and low cost, both the advantages such as the structure of traditional permanent-magnet DC brush motor is simple, reliable had been had, possess again the advantages such as the high power density of permanent magnet DC brushless motor, high energy efficiency, can also reduce costs further, reduce weight, and have certain torque pulsation advantage.
The utility model structure is simple, reasonable in design, efficiency is low, material consumption is low, reliable, can every field be widely used in.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is within the scope of the utility model 2 pole 3 groove or 360 ° of electrical degrees, Wa, Wb, Wc three-phase windings back electromotive force schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is within the scope of the utility model 2 pole 3 groove or 360 ° of electrical degrees, and three-phase energising and two-phase are energized and have one by the synthesis back electromotive force schematic diagram of brush short circuit.
Fig. 3 is within the scope of the utility model 2 pole 3 groove or 360 ° of electrical degrees, number of segment be 3 or Z time rotor winding schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is within the scope of the utility model 2 pole 3 groove or 360 ° of electrical degrees, number of segment be 6 or 2Z time rotor winding schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the utility model 4 pole 6 groove motor schematic cross-section.
Fig. 6 is the utility model 8 pole 12 groove motor schematic cross-section.
Fig. 7 is that groove 12 motors in the utility model 4 pole 6 launch schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is that groove 12 motors in the utility model 8 pole 12 launch schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is that groove 9 motors in the utility model 6 pole 9 launch schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is that the utility model 6 pole 9 groove Wa, Wb, Wc three-phase windings back electromotive force, two is conducted synthesis back electromotive force and torque ripple schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is the utility model 8 pole 12 groove 12 power of motor test datas.
Embodiment
In order to deepen, to understanding of the present utility model, to be described in further detail the utility model below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, this embodiment, only for explaining the utility model, not forming protection range of the present utility model and limiting.
As Figure 1-10 shows, the utility model is a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor, described motor comprises stator, rotor, winding, commutator, intercoil connection, equalizer, brush, the meaning of p representative is number of poles, what Z represented is meant to groove number, n value and the above two have dependency relation, and these three alphabetical values must be greater than the integer of 1.
Described stator magnet number of poles to be 2p, p be greater than 1 integer;
The number of teeth of described rotor or groove number to be Z, Z be greater than 1 integer, and Z=3p, often extremely every groove number q=Z/2p=1.5;
Described winding is three-phase fractional-slot concentratred winding, and span is 1, and on rotor tooth adjacent winding be followed successively by Wa, Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa or Wa, the continuous circulation of Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa constantly follow bad;
The number of segment of described commutator is Z or 2Z;
The quantity of described intercoil connection is 0 or Z;
The quantity of described equalizer is 6(p-1) or 3(p-1) or 6(p-1) multiple or 3(p-1) multiple, that is the quantity of equalizer is that the quantity of (p-1) is multiplied by 6, or the quantity of (p-1) be multiplied by 3 or this be the multiple that the quantity of (p-1) is multiplied by that the multiple of 6 or the quantity of (p-1) are multiplied by three;
The quantity of described brush be 1 to or several to or p couple.
The two ends of each described winding are connected to two adjacent with it commutator segments respectively.
Within the scope of each 360 ° of electrical degrees, described winding energising is combined as 6, namely commutates 6 times, and every 60 ° of electrical degrees commutation once.
At a distance of the brush of (2n-1) 180 ° of electrical degrees, and brush is connected to both ends of power respectively, n be greater than 1 integer.
Use equalizer to connect at a distance of the commutator segment of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees, or connect the commutator segment brush of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees by brush holder assembly, use equalizer to connect commutator segment at a distance of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees, brush be 1 to or several right.
The electrical degree that described brush contacts with described commutator is less than 60 °.
Described number of segment is 2Z, and when intercoil connection quantity is Z, intercoil connection is connected to the adjacent adjacent commutator segment of same winding and all the other adjacent commutator segments all use intercoil connection to connect.
As shown in Fig. 1, in view of the understanding of the back electromotive force to permanent magnet DC brushless motor three-phase windings, three power-up sequence of winding when being conducted are 1) Wa+Wb-Wc, 2)-Wa+Wb-Wc, 3)-Wa+Wb+Wc, 4)-Wa-Wb+Wc, 5)-Wa-Wb+Wc, 6) Wa-Wb-Wc; Two power-up sequence of winding when being conducted are 1. Wb-Wc, 2.-Wa+Wb, 3.-Wa+Wc, 4.-Wb+Wc, 5. Wa-Wb, 6. Wa-Wc; Two states can be changed mutually, and has certain phase difference; When winding is not by brush short circuit, motor is in three-phase conducting state; When there being a phase winding by brush short circuit, motor is in two-phase conducting state.In micro-machine, there is larger current load in brush cross section, brush width can not be very little, often to be less than and close to 180 °/Z angle or 60 °/p electrical degree, winding energising is based on two-phase energising, superpose the three-phase conducting state of few time period, can recognize, oppositely apply power-up sequence motor and be reversion.
As shown in Figure 2, three-phase conducting state and two-phase conducting state difference numerically can be not only had as apparent from synthesis back emf waveform, also there is 30 °/p electrical degree phase difference, when the part of intersection point is wherein three-phase conducting state, certain winding by pole center, and is not contributed caused by back electromotive force.
As shown in Figure 3, within the scope of 2 pole 3 grooves or 360 ° of electrical degrees, number of segment be 3 or Z time, winding switching order be-C1 '-Wa-C2 '-Wb-C3 '-Wc-; Within the scope of each 360 ° of electrical degrees, press above aligned transfer in the motor of multipair pole, and circulate successively, as-C1 ... Wc-,-C4 ... Wc-...
As shown in Figure 4, within the scope of 2 pole 3 grooves or 360 ° of electrical degrees, number of segment be 3 or Z time, winding switching order be-C1-Wa-C2-C3-Wb-C4-C5-Wc-C6-; In the motor of multipair pole, within the scope of each 360 ° of electrical degrees, winding is by above aligned transfer, and commutator segment circulates successively, as-C1 ... C6-,-C7 ... C14-...
Composition graphs 3 and Fig. 4 can recognize that winding and commutator segment number order can reversed arrangement, obtain the logical order of motor reversal; Winding can clockwise, counterclockwise or multipair pole time mixing around, and the order of connection not getting rid of winding and commutator segment is upset, and only need meet winding power-up sequence, obtain more optimal winding mode.
As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, in 4 pole 6 grooves, 8 pole 12 groove motors, magnetic pole of the stator circumference uniform distribution 4, rotor tooth/groove circumference uniform distribution 6, but not getting rid of for obtaining special-effect, one of them or several magnetic pole being departed from uniform position a little, or tooth/groove is set to abnormity or increases empty tooth or groove.
As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, in 4 pole 6 groove 12,8 pole 12 grooves, 12 motors, magnetic pole of the stator, adjacent pole is at a distance of 180 ° of electrical degrees; Rotor windings is the concentratred winding of span 1, and two ends are connected to two adjacent commutator segments respectively; Intercoil connection, except the adjacent commutator segment connecting same winding, all the other adjacent commutator segments all use intercoil connection to couple together, or are directly connected by winding wire, or by mixing around not connecting; Equalizer, connects each commutator segment at a distance of 360 ° of electrical degrees, or does not connect; Brush, (2n-1), at a distance of 180 ° of electrical degrees, is connected to both ends of power respectively; When certain phase winding is in pole center position, brush is in adjacent two commutator segment centers of this phase winding short circuit, can recognize, when using equalizer, brush can to have more than 1 or multipair, maximum p couple; During without equalizer, use p to brush, connect corresponding brush by brush holder assembly; , not get rid of in advance or delayed certain electrical degree arranges brush meanwhile, different special-effects can be obtained.
As Fig. 9, in 6 pole 9 grooves, 9 motors;
As Figure 10, in 6 pole 9 groove motors;
As Figure 11, in 8 pole 12 grooves, 12 motors, in fig. 11,1 is efficiency, and 2 is power output, and 3 is Driving Torque, and 4 is input current
Utilize the motor part of existing blower for vehicle air conditioning, use traditional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor and the utility model example to carry out manufacturing and Data Comparison respectively, on same nominal load point, efficiency improves 10%, and winding weight reduces 50%.By calculating and simulating, reduce stator case and stator magnet thickness, minimizing rotor windings consumption and rotor are folded thick, and Rated motor load efficiency improves more than 5%, and cost reduces about 10%, and weight reduces by more than 20%.
Claims (8)
1. a permanent-magnet DC brush motor, described motor comprises stator, rotor, winding, commutator, intercoil connection, equalizer, brush, it is characterized in that:
Described stator magnet number of poles to be 2p, p be greater than 1 integer;
The number of teeth of described rotor or groove number to be Z, Z be greater than 1 integer, and Z=3p, often extremely every groove number q=Z/2p=1.5;
Described winding is three-phase fractional-slot concentratred winding, and span is 1, and on rotor tooth adjacent winding be followed successively by Wa, Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa or Wa, the continuous circulation of Wb, Wc or Wc, Wb, Wa constantly follow bad;
The number of segment of described commutator is Z or 2Z;
The quantity of described intercoil connection is 0 or Z;
The quantity of described equalizer is 6(p-1) or 3(p-1) or 6(p-1) multiple or 3(p-1) multiple;
The quantity of described brush be 1 to or several to or p couple.
2. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the two ends of each described winding are connected to two adjacent with it commutator segments respectively.
3. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: within the scope of each 360 ° of electrical degrees, and described winding energising is combined as 6, namely commutates 6 times, and every 60 ° of electrical degrees commutation once.
4. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at a distance of the brush of (2n-1) 180 ° of electrical degrees, and brush is connected to both ends of power respectively, n be greater than 1 integer.
5. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: use equalizer to connect commutator segment at a distance of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees, or connected the commutator segment brush of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees by brush holder assembly.
6. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 5, is characterized in that: use equalizer to connect commutator segment at a distance of (2n-1) 360 ° of electrical degrees, brush be 1 to or several right.
7. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the electrical degree that described brush contacts with described commutator is less than 60 °.
8. a kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described number of segment is 2Z, when intercoil connection quantity is Z, intercoil connection is connected to the adjacent adjacent commutator segment of same winding and all the other adjacent commutator segments all use intercoil connection to connect.
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| CN201420637823.0U CN204179908U (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | A kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor |
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| CN201420637823.0U CN204179908U (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | A kind of permanent-magnet DC brush motor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111371350A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-03 | 杨猛 | Control method of full-magnetic-field direct-current motor system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111371350A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-03 | 杨猛 | Control method of full-magnetic-field direct-current motor system |
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