CN204118807U - A kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle - Google Patents
A kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle Download PDFInfo
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- CN204118807U CN204118807U CN201420564228.9U CN201420564228U CN204118807U CN 204118807 U CN204118807 U CN 204118807U CN 201420564228 U CN201420564228 U CN 201420564228U CN 204118807 U CN204118807 U CN 204118807U
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Abstract
A kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle; comprise data acquisition circuit, microcontroller, cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit, status indicator lamp and power circuit; data acquisition circuit comprises voltage collection circuit; current collection circuit and temperature collection circuit; voltage collection circuit is electrically connected with battery, gathers each cell voltage.Current collection circuit comprises amplifier and current sense resistor.Voltage collection circuit, current collection circuit, temperature collection circuit are electrically connected with microcontroller all respectively.Cell balancing circuit and battery protecting circuit are electrically connected with battery.The utility model can be monitored in real time to batteries every in battery pack; overcharge for battery provides, cross put, overcurrent, short circuit and high/low temperature protection; equilibrium cell voltage and point out user battery status, can extend battery, reduces customer using cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of battery management circuit, especially the battery management circuit of electric bicycle.
Background technology
Present stage, electric bicycle has become the important vehicles of people's trip, and battery is the main power source of electric bicycle, and lead accumulator is a kind of battery that electric bicycle is conventional.Lead accumulator operationally, voltage steadily, serviceability temperature and use current range wide, can discharge and recharge hundreds of circulations, shelf characteric is good, cost is low, so lead accumulator is most widely used in electric bicycle, and the battery of most of electric bicycle is all be in series by the lead accumulator of four joint 12V.
Lead accumulator in use also can exist many problems as overcharged, cross put, overcurrent, short circuit, Voltage unbalance between battery, influence each other between battery, use under mal-condition and be restricted, these problems can cause battery availability factor to reduce, shorter battery life, make troubles to the use of user, also there is potential safety hazard.So battery management circuit is outstanding day by day in the effect of electric bicycle industry; can realize carrying out monitor and managment to the battery of electric bicycle by battery management circuit; protection battery, improves battery, simultaneously for it gets rid of the hidden danger because environmental factor causes.
Also there is a lot of battery of electric vehicle management circuit in present stage.Most battery management circuit function is all comparatively single, and what have can only realize over-charge protective, and what have can only realize Cross prevention or overcurrent protection.And conventional battery management circuit is as detected object using whole battery pack, carry out information gathering, judge and export, not realizing the monitor and managment to single battery, once single battery damages, then whole battery pack all can be scrapped, cause the wasting of resources, if single battery occurs abnormal, Long-Time Service, also can affect the normal work of other battery, finally cause all shorter battery life in battery pack.
For comparatively advanced battery management circuit; if application number is CN201220484601.0; name is called the battery management circuit of " a kind of secondary battery protection circuit ", and it comprises controller, overcurrent and short-circuit protection unit, super-charge super-discharge protected location, integrated chip, charge/discharge unit and sampling unit.This circuit can realize the real-time monitoring to every batteries charging and discharging state and operating state, to the overcharging of battery, cross put, overcurrent and short circuit protect, but can not provide high temperature, low-temperature protection function for battery and realize battery equilibrium function.If battery uses under being in high temperature or cryogenic conditions, understand great minimizing capacity and serious shortening battery life, even directly damage.If the unbalanced service efficiency that can affect battery of the capacity between battery, connect in electric motor car use, the capacity of battery pack is determined by the battery that capacity in battery pack is minimum, after the battery that capacity is minimum is full of electricity, in battery pack, other battery can not continue charging, but the total voltage of whole battery pack not yet reaches rated value, existing technology still can continue to continue charging to batteries all in battery pack.After the battery that capacity is minimum is discharged, in battery pack, all batteries all need to quit work, but the total voltage of whole battery pack not yet reaches rated value, and in battery pack, all batteries still can continue electric discharge.When producing, all there is some difference for the capacity of every batteries, and according to existing technology, multiple batteries series connection uses, the electric current of every batteries is identical all the time, through repeatedly discharge and recharge, between each batteries, capacity volume variance can be increasing, and the service efficiency of battery pack can reduce gradually.Whole battery pack is caused to decline useful life.This circuit can not point out the using state of each battery of user, and interactivity is poor, and user is difficult to the state quality judging each battery, can not change the battery damaged timely.Only have when all batteries are all close to when damaging, user's ability Timeliness coverage, and whole battery pack is replaced.
So; the common problem that the battery management circuit of present electric bicycle exists is circuit function imperfection; the temperature of cell operating conditions can not be detected; battery equilibrium function can not be realized; user can not be pointed out to change the battery being about to damage; be difficult to the battery of available protecting electric bicycle, the function of battery can not be played to greatest extent.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem; the utility model discloses a kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle; this circuit can realize carrying out automatic monitoring to the often joint lead accumulator of electric bicycle; there is provided overcharge, Cross prevention and overcurrent, short-circuit protection; battery equilibrium function and high temperature, low-temperature protection function are provided, and the state of user's battery can be pointed out in real time.
The technical solution of the utility model is: a kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle, comprises data acquisition circuit, microcontroller, cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit, status indicator lamp and power circuit.
Described data acquisition circuit comprises voltage collection circuit, current collection circuit and temperature collection circuit;
Described temperature collection circuit comprises temperature sensor, and temperature sensor is placed near battery, is electrically connected with microcontroller;
Described voltage collection circuit comprises operational amplifier and resistance, and is electrically connected with battery, is electrically connected with microcontroller;
Described current collection circuit comprises current sense resistor and operational amplifier, and is electrically connected with battery, is electrically connected with microcontroller;
Described cell balancing circuit comprises relay and triode, and cell balancing circuit is electrically connected with battery;
Described battery protecting circuit comprises relay and triode, is serially connected in charging circuit and discharge circuit respectively;
Described microcontroller is electrically connected with cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit, status indicator lamp and power circuit;
Described power circuit is electrically connected with anode, cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit respectively, for single-chip microcomputer provides power supply.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: with the microcontroller being integrated with inner A/D conversion, not only reduce cost but also the rapid translating that can realize information and process.This circuit not only can carry out monitor and managment to every batteries; charge and discharge protecting, overcurrent short-circuit protection and high temperature, low-temperature protection function are provided; also provide battery equilibrium function and can inform the state of each batteries of user in real time, prompting user changes the lower battery of capacity in battery pack.This circuit function is perfect, and stability is strong, can extend battery, reduces customer using cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is theory diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the data acquisition circuit of the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 3 is microcontroller and the indicator light of the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 4 is battery protection and the cell balancing circuit of the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the power circuit of the utility model embodiment.
1. data acquisition circuits, 2. microcontroller, 3. cell balancing circuit, 4. battery protecting circuit, 5. status indicator lamp, 6. power circuit in figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete enforcement, the utility model is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle, comprises data acquisition circuit, microcontroller, cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit, status indicator lamp and power circuit.
In Fig. 2, data acquisition circuit comprises voltage collection circuit, current collection circuit and temperature collection circuit.Operational amplifier in voltage collection circuit and current collection circuit adopts model to be MCP6001, and it can at 5V operating at voltages, and rail-to-rail inputs, and when single supply 5V powers, output voltage range is 0.3V-4.7V.
In voltage collection circuit and current collection circuit, amplifier is electrically connected with variable resistor, fixed resistance respectively, by the common-mode rejection ratio regulating slide rheostat to make circuit reach very high, even if V0, V1, V2, V3, V4 have exceeded the supply voltage of amplifier, circuit still can normally work.In circuit, the resistance of feedback resistance determines the multiplication factor of amplifier, input voltage is zoomed in or out according to certain multiple, makes output voltage within 5V.The output port of each amplifier is electrically connected with Chip Microcomputer A/D C input port all respectively.
The input voltage of four tunnel amplifiers of voltage collection circuit is the voltage at each battery two ends, and they are electrically connected with single-chip microcomputer respectively.
The current viewing resistor of current collection circuit is serially connected in charging and discharging circuit, charging and discharging currents information is converted to information of voltage, delivers to operational amplifier and be electrically connected with single-chip microcomputer.
The temperature sensor of temperature collection circuit adopts model to be DS18B20, and it is the single wire digital thermometer of programmable resolution, and can be 12 bit digital by temperature transition in 750ms, precision be high, and real-time is good.Temperature sensor, near battery, gathers the working temperature of battery, is converted to digital signal.
The voltage of data acquisition circuit collection, electric current and temperature information are all delivered in single-chip microcomputer and are processed.
Microcontroller in Fig. 3 adopts model to be the single-chip microcomputer of STC12C5A60S2, and operating voltage is 3.5V-5.5V, and inner R/C oscillator frequency is: 11MHz ~ 17MHz, and carry 10 A/D converters, conversion speed can reach 250K/S.
If Fig. 4 is cell balancing circuit and battery protecting circuit, single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with cell balancing circuit and battery protecting circuit.Relay model in cell balancing circuit and battery protecting circuit is JQC_3F.Have the battery equilibrium unit that four groups are made up of relay and triode in cell balancing circuit, they respectively with four cell parallels of battery pack, relay is electrically connected with single-chip processor i/o mouth through triode, by Single-chip Controlling relay closes or disconnection.The closed expression battery corresponding to this balancing unit carries out balance of voltage operation.Relay in battery protecting circuit is serially connected in discharge circuit and charging circuit, and they are electrically connected with single-chip microcomputer through triode, put when occurring overcharging, crossing, overcurrent or high temperature, low temperature condition time, Single-chip Controlling relay disconnects.
In Fig. 5, the model that the step-down chip of power circuit adopts is A8499, and its input voltage range is 8V-50V, and input voltage range is wide, and output voltage adjustable extent is 1.2V-24V.This power circuit is that data acquisition circuit, microcontroller, cell balancing circuit and battery protecting circuit are powered.
Single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with LED light D1-D9.
D1 is blue led lamp, lights, and represents that battery charging and discharging normally works.
D2 is green LED lamp, lights, and represent that battery is both uncharged and also do not discharge, system is in holding state.
D3 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents battery charge or discharge overcurrent.
D4 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents battery charge or discharge short circuit.
D5 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents that the first segment battery in battery pack occurs abnormal.
D6 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents that the second section battery in battery pack occurs abnormal.
D7 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents that the 3rd batteries in battery pack occurs abnormal.
D8 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents that the 4th batteries in battery pack occurs abnormal.
D9 is red LED lamp, lights, and represents that battery temperature is too high or too low.
A kind of working method is as follows:
(a) overcurrent and short circuit:
Battery is when charge and discharge, and cut-off, current viewing resistor respectively flows through charging current or discharging current, and this resistance produces charging voltage or discharge voltage respectively, and this voltage inputs in single-chip microcomputer after amplifier conversion.Single-chip microcomputer receives two-way analog signal, two paths of signals A/D converter is converted to digital signal, single-chip microcomputer is in charged state or discharge condition according to the value decision circuitry of two paths of signals again, again the overcurrent threshold value of they and single-chip microcomputer inner setting and short-circuit threshold value are compared, if currency is in overcurrent limits, then light corresponding LED, be in the judgement of charged state or discharge condition result according to circuit simultaneously, disconnect relay corresponding in battery protecting circuit, close again after Single-chip Controlling time delay a period of time, gather current information again, judge, if be less than threshold value, then corresponding LED extinguishes, otherwise, disconnect relay, circulation like this, if currency is in short-circuiting range, then light corresponding LED, disconnect relay corresponding in battery protecting circuit simultaneously, then carry out the operating process similar to overcurrent condition.
B () overcharges and crosses and put:
Voltage collection circuit collection comes from the information of voltage of four batteries, and inputs in single-chip microcomputer by information by four ports of ADC, and single-chip microcomputer carries out A/D conversion to it again.Single-chip microcomputer according to the collection to current information, can judge that battery is in charged state or discharge condition, if be in charged state, then the charge threshold of current each road magnitude of voltage and setting is compared; If be in discharge condition, then the discharge threshold of current each road magnitude of voltage and setting is compared.If outside range of set value, then illustrate and occur overcharging or crossing the situation of putting, disconnect relay, judgement is which batteries occurs abnormal, and lights corresponding LED.
C () cell voltage is uneven:
Single-chip microcomputer obtains the information of voltage of four road batteries, each road information of voltage is compared, obtain maximum wherein and minimum value, when difference between maxima and minima is greater than setting range, four group relaies that single-chip microcomputer just controls cell balancing circuit perform battery equilibrium function, when battery is in charged state, single-chip microcomputer can, by that corresponding for maximum relay closes, make charging rate slow down; When battery is in discharge condition, single-chip microcomputer by corresponding relay closes, can change the velocity of discharge.
Under (d) hot conditions:
Temperature sensor is near battery, and export digital temperature signal to single-chip microcomputer, this information and the electric bicycle safe working temperature threshold value set compare by single-chip microcomputer, exceed this value, be then judged as high temperature or low temperature, light corresponding LED, meanwhile, relay is turned off, single-chip microcomputer time delay a period of time closing relay, collecting temperature information judges again, if be less than threshold value, then closes corresponding LED, otherwise, turn off relay, so circulate, until temperature return is normal.
E () normally works:
Single-chip microcomputer inside sets a battery charging saturation value and battery discharge cutoff in advance, and the voltage of single-chip microcomputer to four batteries judges, if this value reaches set point, then illustrates that battery charging and discharging completes, turns off relay, lights corresponding LED.If do not occur in circuit overcharging, cross put, overcurrent, short circuit and high temperature, low temperature condition time, also namely corresponding LED is not lighted, and resistance has electric current, then normal battery operation is described, then lights corresponding LED.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present utility model and effect thereof only; and the embodiment of part; for the person of ordinary skill of the art; under the prerequisite not departing from the utility model creation design; can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (1)
1. a battery management circuit for electric bicycle, comprises data acquisition circuit, microcontroller, cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit, status indicator lamp and power circuit; It is characterized in that:
Described data acquisition circuit comprises voltage collection circuit, current collection circuit and temperature collection circuit;
Described temperature collection circuit comprises temperature sensor, and temperature sensor is placed near battery, is electrically connected with microcontroller;
Described voltage collection circuit comprises operational amplifier and resistance, and is electrically connected with battery, is electrically connected with microcontroller;
Described current collection circuit comprises current sense resistor and operational amplifier, and is electrically connected with battery, is electrically connected with microcontroller;
Described cell balancing circuit comprises relay and triode, and cell balancing circuit is electrically connected with battery;
Described battery protecting circuit comprises relay and triode, is serially connected in charging circuit and discharge circuit respectively;
Described microcontroller is electrically connected with cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit, status indicator lamp and power circuit;
Described power circuit is electrically connected with anode, cell balancing circuit, battery protecting circuit respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420564228.9U CN204118807U (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420564228.9U CN204118807U (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204118807U true CN204118807U (en) | 2015-01-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420564228.9U Expired - Fee Related CN204118807U (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of battery management circuit of electric bicycle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204118807U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105548904A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 致导科技（北京）有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle intelligent battery circuit, unmanned aerial vehicle circuit system and unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN110492563A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-22 | 深圳大趋智能科技有限公司 | Battery management method, device, equipment and medium |
-
2014
- 2014-09-29 CN CN201420564228.9U patent/CN204118807U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105548904A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 致导科技（北京）有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle intelligent battery circuit, unmanned aerial vehicle circuit system and unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN110492563A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-22 | 深圳大趋智能科技有限公司 | Battery management method, device, equipment and medium |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150121 Termination date: 20180929 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |