CN204044178U - A kind of photo-electric wind direction and wind velocity measurement mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of photo-electric wind direction and wind velocity measurement mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN204044178U CN204044178U CN201420464648.XU CN201420464648U CN204044178U CN 204044178 U CN204044178 U CN 204044178U CN 201420464648 U CN201420464648 U CN 201420464648U CN 204044178 U CN204044178 U CN 204044178U
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Abstract
A kind of photo-electric wind direction and wind velocity measurement mechanism of the present utility model, comprise single-chip microcomputer, display module, clock module, reseting module, power module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module, single-chip microcomputer model is STC89CS52; Display module comprises a driving chip, section driving chip and at least 8 light-emitting diode displays, and light-emitting diode display is connected on single-chip microcomputer by position driving chip and section driving chip; Clock module and reseting module are connected on single-chip microcomputer; Power module connect 220V civil power by the input end of transformer, power module provides electric power supply for whole device; Described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module all adopt photoelectric encoder as core devices, and described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connected respectively on single-chip microcomputer.This device stability is high, can realize wind direction and wind velocity on a large scale, high-precision real time measure and display.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of measurement mechanism, specifically a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device.
Background technology
At occurring in nature, wind is a kind of renewable, pollution-free and energy that reserves are huge.Along with global warming and energy crisis, each state is all stepping up the development and utilization to wind-force, reduces carbon dioxide isothermal chamber gas purging as far as possible, protects the earth that we depend on for existence.
The wind resource of China is very abundant, the mean wind speed in most area all at more than 3 meters per second, particularly northeast, northwest, southwest plateau and offshore islands, mean wind speed is larger; Some places, the time of 1 year more than 1/3rd is all strong wind sky.In these areas, wind-power electricity generation is up-and-coming.Especially energy shortage at present, when wind-power electricity generation becomes modish generation mode, to the measurement of wind speed and direction with control particularly important.
Wind also can have a huge impact agricultural.Wind energy spreads disease substance, spreads plant disease.The meteorological condition that the long distances of insect such as upper-level winds is mythimna separata, planthopper, rice leaf roller, migratory locusts are migrated.Strong wind makes blade mechanism scratch, plant lodging, trees are wrecked, fruit drop and affect output.Strong wind also causes soil drifting, sand dune movement, and damages farmland.Blindly reclaim wasteland in arid area, wind will cause desertification.The strong wind in pastoral area and snowstorm can dispel drove, increase the weight of freeze injury.Some special nature of local wind, also often causes windburn.Blow containing the more tide wind of salinity by sea, the foehn of high temperature low temperature and hot dry wind, all have a strong impact on the grouting of the blooming of fruit tree, setting and cereal crops.Defence windburn, adopt cultivate downgrade, the wind resistance kind of resistant to lodging, rub resistance.Plant windbreak forests, the effective windproof method especially such as air partition is set.So measuring wind studies the mankind and utilizes wind energy and production of making the life better to have active influence better.
Early stage measuring system is in structure or all fairly simple in measuring method, be exactly in most cases use some simple instrument, tachometric survey is carried out completely by people, although whole system cost is lower, but the function singleness realized, reliability is not high, and measurement range and measuring accuracy are all lower.
Utility model content
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device, adopts the circuit design of photo-electric, can realize the high precision of wind direction and wind velocity, on a large scale measurement in real time and display.
The utility model is by the following technical solutions: a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device, it is characterized in that, comprise single-chip microcomputer, display module, clock module, reseting module, power module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module, the model of described single-chip microcomputer is STC89CS52; Described display module comprises a driving chip, section driving chip and at least 8 light-emitting diode displays, and described light-emitting diode display is connected on single-chip microcomputer by position driving chip and section driving chip; Described clock module and reseting module are connected on single-chip microcomputer; The input end by transformer of described power module connects 220V civil power, and the output terminal of power module connects single-chip microcomputer, display module, reseting module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module respectively, for whole device provides electric power supply; Described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module all adopt photoelectric encoder as core devices, and described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connected respectively on single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described power module comprises transformer T1, full-wave rectification bridge D1, polar capacitor C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, voltage stabilizing chip U1, the high voltage input terminal of described transformer T1 connects 220V civil power, transformer T1 low-voltage output connects two input ends of full-wave rectification bridge D1, two output terminals of full-wave rectification bridge D1 connect the two ends of polar capacitor C1 respectively, and the minus earth of polar capacitor C1, electric capacity C2 is in parallel with polar capacitor C1, first pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 connects polar capacitor C1 positive pole, second pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 is by electric capacity C3 ground connection, the 3rd pin ground connection of voltage stabilizing chip U1, second pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 is supply voltage output terminal.
Further, described measuring wind speed module comprises incremental optical-electricity encoder, Schmidt trigger U2, resistance R1, resistance R2, triode Q1, optocoupler U3, resistance R3, two input ends of described incremental optical-electricity encoder connect supply voltage and ground end respectively, the output terminal of described incremental optical-electricity encoder connects first pin of Schmidt trigger U2, second pin contact resistance R1 one end of described Schmidt trigger U2, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q1 of resistance R1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, the collector of triode Q1 connects second pin of optocoupler U3, first pin of optocoupler U3 connects supply voltage by resistance R2, 3rd pin of optocoupler U3 connects supply voltage by resistance R3, the 4th pin ground connection of optocoupler U3.
Further, described wind direction measurement module comprises absolute optical encoder, Schmidt trigger U4, resistance R4, resistance R5, triode Q2, optocoupler U4, resistance R6, two input ends of described absolute optical encoder connect supply voltage and ground end respectively, the output terminal of described absolute optical encoder connects first pin of Schmidt trigger U4, second pin contact resistance R4 one end of described Schmidt trigger U4, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q2 of resistance R4, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 connects second pin of optocoupler U5, first pin of optocoupler U5 connects supply voltage by resistance R5, 3rd pin of optocoupler U5 connects supply voltage by resistance R6, the 4th pin ground connection of optocoupler U5.
Further, described reseting module comprises resistance R7, button S1, resistance R8, electric capacity C4, the one termination supply voltage of described resistance R7, the other end of resistance R7 connects button S1 one end, the button S1 other end is contact resistance R8 one end and single-chip microcomputer RST pin respectively, the other end ground connection of resistance R8, a termination supply voltage of described electric capacity C4, the other end of C4 connects single-chip microcomputer RST pin.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: this device is based on the measuring principle of photo-electric, devise brand-new wind direction and wind speed measuring circuit, by the fast processing to signal, wind direction and wind speed are converted into exact figure show, not only can be no more than 5% to the measuring error of wind speed range in 0-9999rpm, and can measure within the scope of 0-360 ° for wind direction, individual pen auto zero can be realized when multipurpose rotary.In order to assurance device better works, devise the power circuit that burning voltage can be provided, ensure that the stability of electric power supply, in addition, also utilize RC reset circuit as the reset circuit of this device, ensure that the stability repeatedly repeating to reset, improve the dependability of this device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is theory structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model power module;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model measuring wind speed module;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model wind direction measurement module;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model reseting module.
Embodiment
A kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device as shown in Figure 1 comprises single-chip microcomputer, display module, clock module, reseting module, power module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module, the model of described single-chip microcomputer is STC89CS52, completes reading and the transmission of pulse; Described clock module and reseting module are connected on single-chip microcomputer; The input end by transformer of described power module connects 220V civil power, and the output terminal of power module connects single-chip microcomputer, display module, reseting module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module respectively, for whole device provides electric power supply; Described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module all adopt photoelectric encoder as core devices, and described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connected respectively on single-chip microcomputer.
Described display module comprises a driving chip, section driving chip and at least 8 light-emitting diode displays, described light-emitting diode display is connected on single-chip microcomputer by position driving chip and section driving chip, display module is as the output of this device, Main Function is that the pulse sent out from single-chip microcomputer is carried out power drive, so that show on charactron.It is taken on by integrated electric section driving chip 74LS47 and position driving chip 74LS138, and wherein, 74LS47 plays a major role, and 74LS138 is used for assisting.74LS47 is BCD-7 segment numeral pipe decoder/drivers, and the function of 74LS47 is used for the numeral changed into by binary-coded decimal in digital block, by its decoding, and can directly the display numeral that digital conversion is charactron.
As shown in Figure 2, described power module comprises transformer T1, full-wave rectification bridge D1, polar capacitor C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, voltage stabilizing chip U1, the high voltage input terminal of described transformer T1 connects 220V civil power, transformer T1 low-voltage output connects two input ends of full-wave rectification bridge D1, two output terminals of full-wave rectification bridge D1 connect the two ends of polar capacitor C1 respectively, and the minus earth of polar capacitor C1, electric capacity C2 is in parallel with polar capacitor C1, first pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 connects polar capacitor C1 positive pole, second pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 is by electric capacity C3 ground connection, the 3rd pin ground connection of voltage stabilizing chip U1, second pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 is supply voltage output terminal.
In order to provide reliable electric current to device, transformer T1 selects the transformer of 220V-12V-2A, rectification adopts diode full-bridge rectification mode, negative current is integrated into forward, in order to rectification safety, the maximum current flow through in diode should be greater than the average current flow through, and the most high backward voltage that the peak value of back voltage of diode should bear in circuit than diode is twice left and right, therefore can select 2C12D diode.C1 has filter function, and require that capacitor is comparatively large, so generally adopt electrolytic condenser, it has polarity, also will consider withstand voltage during selection.Mu balanced circuit mainly by voltage stabilizing chip U1, selects 7805 chips in this circuit.
As shown in Figure 3, described measuring wind speed module comprises incremental optical-electricity encoder, Schmidt trigger U2, resistance R1, resistance R2, triode Q1, optocoupler U3, resistance R3, two input ends of described incremental optical-electricity encoder connect supply voltage and ground end respectively, the output terminal of described incremental optical-electricity encoder connects first pin of Schmidt trigger U2, second pin contact resistance R1 one end of described Schmidt trigger U2, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q1 of resistance R1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, the collector of triode Q1 connects second pin of optocoupler U3, first pin of optocoupler U3 connects supply voltage by resistance R2, 3rd pin of optocoupler U3 connects supply voltage by resistance R3, the 4th pin ground connection of optocoupler U3, 3rd pin of optocoupler U3 connects the T1/P3.5 pin of single-chip microcomputer.
Incremental encoder converts displacement to periodic electric signal, again this electric signal is transformed into count pulse, the size of displacement is represented by the number of pulse, advantage due to incremental encoder is that structure is simple, except can directly measured angular displacement, also be usually used in surveying spindle speed, so wind speed measuring device adopts incremental encoder.
At present, in the velocity-measuring system formed with photoelectric encoder, conventional digital rotating speed measurement method mainly contains three kinds, is M method (frequency method), T method (periodic method), M/T method (frequency/period method) respectively.M method is within set detection time, and the number measuring the rotational speed pulse signal produced, to determine rotating speed, compares and is suitable for high speed situation; T method determines rotating speed, the occasion that applicable velocity ratio is lower at the time of measuring adjacent two rotational speed pulse signals; M/T method be measure simultaneously detection time and at this moment in the number of rotational speed pulse signal to determine rotating speed.For the measuring wind speed module of this device, the method for employing is: adopt T method during low speed, adopts M method during high speed.
As shown in Figure 4, described wind direction measurement module comprises absolute optical encoder, Schmidt trigger U4, resistance R4, resistance R5, triode Q2, optocoupler U4, resistance R6, two input ends of described absolute optical encoder connect supply voltage and ground end respectively, the output terminal of described absolute optical encoder connects first pin of Schmidt trigger U4, second pin contact resistance R4 one end of described Schmidt trigger U4, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q2 of resistance R4, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 connects second pin of optocoupler U5, first pin of optocoupler U5 connects supply voltage by resistance R5, 3rd pin of optocoupler U5 connects supply voltage by resistance R6, the 4th pin ground connection of optocoupler U5, 3rd pin of optocoupler U5 connects the T2/P1.0 pin of single-chip microcomputer.
The corresponding numerical code determined in each position of absolute type encoder, therefore its indicating value is only relevant with the initial sum final position measured, and has nothing to do with the pilot process measured.Select absolute optical encoder herein, its signal exported can be binary-coded decimal, can directly be accepted by single-chip microcomputer, and sensitivity is also very high to be used more convenient than resistance sensor.And absolute type encoder has a zero reference point, wind direction requires that individual pen is measured, scope is in 0-360 °, so can reset to the measurement result of often enclosing with zero reference point, export reset signal to single-chip microcomputer, even if power-off or other reasons cause measurement delay also not affect, because his measurement result is only relevant with the position of front and back.
Schmidt trigger is the one of MOS trigger, and be mainly used in waveform conversion, in wind direction and measuring wind speed module, the model of employing is 74HC14N.
Photo-coupler is a kind of by input end lumination of light emitting diode, and control the conducting of output photoelectric pipe, namely utilize optically-coupled mode to transmit the particular device of numerical information, maximum feature input and output two parts can be kept apart.When robot calculator is connected with peripherals, there will be induced noise, the problems such as ground loop noise, computing machine can not be imported into make interference, to improve the reliability of system, so use photoelectrical coupler input signal and computing machine to be separated, single-chip microcomputer is the same with the situation of computing machine, all anti-interference, and the equipment of periphery may think the situations such as some reason is short-circuited, in order to not affect the work of single-chip microcomputer, protection single-chip microcomputer, also single-chip microcomputer and peripherals to be separated, so in wind direction and measuring wind speed module, 6N137 photoelectrical coupler is adopted to isolate through input signal and single-chip microcomputer.
As shown in Figure 5, described reseting module is RC reset circuit, comprise resistance R7, button S1, resistance R8, electric capacity C4, the one termination supply voltage of described resistance R7, the other end of resistance R7 connects button S1 one end, and the button S1 other end is contact resistance R8 one end and single-chip microcomputer RST pin respectively, the other end ground connection of resistance R8, the one termination supply voltage of described electric capacity C4, the other end of C4 connects single-chip microcomputer RST pin.
The essence of RC reset circuit is single order charge-discharge circuit, and when button S1 presses, this circuit provides effective reset signal RST(high level), electric capacity C4 is shorted electric discharge simultaneously; When button S1 unclamps, supply voltage charges to electric capacity C4, and charging current is on resistance, and RST is still high level, still resets, and after charging complete, electric capacity C4 is equivalent to open circuit, and RST is low level, normally works.
The clock module of this device comprises two electric capacity and a crystal oscillator, after two capacitances in series, in parallel with crystal oscillator, due to the electric capacity of two in this device clock module play a part system clock frequency fine setting and stable, therefore, selecting properly parameter must be noted in actual applications, general at 5 ~ 30pF, in simulation test, the preferred parameter of acquisition is: two electric capacity are 15pF, and crystal oscillator is 12MHz.
Except structure described in the utility model, all the other are prior art.
The above is preferred implementation of the present utility model; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite not departing from the utility model principle, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also regarded as protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. a photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device, is characterized in that, comprises single-chip microcomputer, display module, clock module, reseting module, power module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module, and the model of described single-chip microcomputer is STC89CS52; Described display module comprises a driving chip, section driving chip and at least 8 light-emitting diode displays, and described light-emitting diode display is connected on single-chip microcomputer by position driving chip and section driving chip; Described clock module and reseting module are connected on single-chip microcomputer; The input end by transformer of described power module connects 220V civil power, and the output terminal of power module connects single-chip microcomputer, display module, reseting module, wind direction measurement module, measuring wind speed module respectively, for whole device provides electric power supply; Described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module all adopt photoelectric encoder as core devices, and described wind direction measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connected respectively on single-chip microcomputer.
2. a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power module comprises transformer T1, full-wave rectification bridge D1, polar capacitor C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, voltage stabilizing chip U1, the high voltage input terminal of described transformer T1 connects 220V civil power, transformer T1 low-voltage output connects two input ends of full-wave rectification bridge D1, two output terminals of full-wave rectification bridge D1 connect the two ends of polar capacitor C1 respectively, and the minus earth of polar capacitor C1, electric capacity C2 is in parallel with polar capacitor C1, first pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 connects polar capacitor C1 positive pole, second pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 is by electric capacity C3 ground connection, the 3rd pin ground connection of voltage stabilizing chip U1, second pin of voltage stabilizing chip U1 is supply voltage output terminal.
3. a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described measuring wind speed module comprises incremental optical-electricity encoder, Schmidt trigger U2, resistance R1, resistance R2, triode Q1, optocoupler U3, resistance R3, two input ends of described incremental optical-electricity encoder connect supply voltage and ground end respectively, the output terminal of described incremental optical-electricity encoder connects first pin of Schmidt trigger U2, second pin contact resistance R1 one end of described Schmidt trigger U2, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q1 of resistance R1, the grounded emitter of triode Q1, the collector of triode Q1 connects second pin of optocoupler U3, first pin of optocoupler U3 connects supply voltage by resistance R2, 3rd pin of optocoupler U3 connects supply voltage by resistance R3, the 4th pin ground connection of optocoupler U3.
4. a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described wind direction measurement module comprises absolute optical encoder, Schmidt trigger U4, resistance R4, resistance R5, triode Q2, optocoupler U4, resistance R6, two input ends of described absolute optical encoder connect supply voltage and ground end respectively, the output terminal of described absolute optical encoder connects first pin of Schmidt trigger U4, second pin contact resistance R4 one end of described Schmidt trigger U4, the base stage of the other end connecting triode Q2 of resistance R4, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the collector of triode Q2 connects second pin of optocoupler U5, first pin of optocoupler U5 connects supply voltage by resistance R5, 3rd pin of optocoupler U5 connects supply voltage by resistance R6, the 4th pin ground connection of optocoupler U5.
5. a kind of photo-electric wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described reseting module comprises resistance R7, button S1, resistance R8, electric capacity C4, the one termination supply voltage of described resistance R7, the other end of resistance R7 connects button S1 one end, and the button S1 other end is contact resistance R8 one end and single-chip microcomputer RST pin respectively, the other end ground connection of resistance R8, the one termination supply voltage of described electric capacity C4, the other end of C4 connects single-chip microcomputer RST pin.
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| CN201420464648.XU CN204044178U (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-18 | A kind of photo-electric wind direction and wind velocity measurement mechanism |
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| CN201420464648.XU CN204044178U (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-18 | A kind of photo-electric wind direction and wind velocity measurement mechanism |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104142408A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-12 | 贾玉凤 | Photoelectric type wind direction and wind speed measuring device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104142408A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-12 | 贾玉凤 | Photoelectric type wind direction and wind speed measuring device |
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Granted publication date: 20141224 Termination date: 20150818 |
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