CN204013569U - A kind of spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
A kind of spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system, comprises pump light source, bbo crystal, monomode fiber and q-plate phase-plate, for generation of mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons pair; Also comprise half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and monomode fiber, for signal photon spin angular momentaum is carried out to phase place Deflection modulation; Also comprise spatial light modulator and monomode fiber, for idle photon orbital angular momentum is carried out phase place Deflection modulation and loaded coded message; Also comprise the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and coincide counter, for signal photon and idle photon are carried out to coincidence measurement decoding quantum bit information.The utility model has improved the fail safe of quantum key distribution system, has realized jumbo quantum coding, has obtained the quantum key distribution system of high efficient coding, and simple in structure, safe.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to quantum secret communication field, particularly a kind of spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system.
Background technology
Quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) be a kind of cryptographic communication mode of being perfectly safe being proved to be, it usings the vector encoded quantum bit of quantum state as quantum information, between secure communication validated user, set up key and share, its fail safe is guaranteed by principle of quantum mechanics.In quantum key distribution system, the carrier of coding quantum information can be divided into single photon and entangled photons to two types.Due to entangled photons between have the stronger contact of tangling, based on the right quantum key distribution system of entangled photons, there is better security feature.
Research discovery, photon can carry spin angular momentaum (SAM) and these two kinds of angular momentums of orbital angular momentum (OAM).Spin angular momentaum is relevant with the circular polarization state of photon, Left-hand circular polarization state | L> and right-hand circular polarization state | and R>, as the eigenstate of spin operator, carries respectively
spin angular momentaum, utilize the spin angular momentaum of photon can only realize the coding (a corresponding two-dimentional Hilbert space) of a quantum bit; Different from spin angular momentaum is, orbital angular momentum derives from the helical phase of photon, respective carter Angular Momentum Eigenstates | m>, m is orbital angular momentum characteristic quantity subnumber, because same order orbital angular momentum is not mutually orthogonal, m allows to get arbitrary integer in theory, utilizes the orbital angular momentum of photon can realize the quantum bit coding of a higher-dimension Hilbert space, can enlarge markedly photon carry information capacity, improve coding fail safe.
At present; some utilize photon orbital angular momentum to be suggested as the quantum key distribution system of information carrier; yet; the common ground of these systems is to utilize " mutually without inclined to one side base " mode to encode; this coding mode can be regarded as the expansion of BB84 agreement, and under this communication protocol, communicating pair also needs a classical channel be used for contrasting transmission base and measure base conventionally; when the base chosen as both sides is not identical, key information will be rejected.Therefore, the problem that the system based on " mutually without inclined to one side base " coding protocol exists information loss to cause key formation efficiency to reduce on the one hand, the design of classical channel has also increased the complexity of communication system architecture on the other hand.A kind of quantum key distribution system tangling based on orbital angular momentum also receives publicity, and it utilizes the orbital angular momentum producing to tangle signal photon and idle photon is encoded, and adopts coincidence measurement to come demodulation entangled photons to upper information.The photon utilance that system that this system has overcome above-mentioned " mutually without inclined to one side base " exists is low, the shortcoming that key formation efficiency is not high, and do not need again classical channel of additional designs, but this system is at entangled light source preparation end, strict to the wavelength of pump light source, frequency and power requirement, in addition, in modulation /demodulation, also need a plurality of spatial light modulators (Spatial Light Modulator, SLM) carry out the right orbital angular momentum modulation of entangled photons, cause system configuration complicated, cost is higher.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is: provide a kind of coded message capacity large, simple in structure, safe spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system, comprise pump light source, bbo crystal, monomode fiber and q-plate phase-plate, described bbo crystal is connected with described pump light source, for generation of signal photon and idle spin of photon entangled photons pair, described monomode fiber is used for isolating orbital angular momentum and tangles and crosstalk, described q-plate phase-plate is used for realizing spin of photon angular momentum and transforms to the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom, mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons pair of generation; Also comprise half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus (Polarization BeamSplitter, PBS) and monomode fiber, described half-wave plate is for carrying out phase place Deflection modulation to signal photon, described polarization beam apparatus is used for carrying out polarization screening to signal photon, and described monomode fiber is for the signal photon transmission that is coupled to after modulation; Also comprise spatial light modulator and monomode fiber, described spatial light modulator is used for modulating the idle photon orbit angular momentum state phase place deflection of incident, and described monomode fiber is for sending the coupling of the idle photon of gaussian model; Also comprise the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and coincide counter, the signal photon of described the first single-photon detector for arriving in record unit time, the idle photon of described the second single-photon detector for arriving in record unit time, described coincide counter is used for carrying out coincidence measurement.
Preferably, the utility model also comprises computer, and described computer is connected with described spatial light modulator by its DVI interface.The output of described computer for modulating described spatial light modulator phase hologram, thus realize the dynamic modulation to the idle photon orbit angular momentum state phase place deflection of incident.
With respect to prior art, the utlity model has following benefit:
1, the utility model is usingd mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons to the carrier as coded message, has improved the fail safe of quantum key distribution system;
2, every a pair of mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons of the present utility model, to loading the coding information quantity that surpasses a bit, has been realized jumbo quantum coding;
3, the utility model adopts mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons to carrying out encoding and decoding quantum bit, improved the quantum key distribution system tangling based on orbital angular momentum, this system only needs half-wave plate and these conventional optics of polarization beam apparatus just can realize the modulation to signal photon spin angular momentaum, and by the output of computer control spatial light modulator phase hologram, just can realize the dynamic modulation to idle photon orbit angular momentum state phase place deflection, system features in convenient, photon utilance is high, can load higher-dimension quantum bit information;
4, the utility model has been optimized modulation system, simplifies the structure, and has improved fail safe, has saved cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of system configuration of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of operation principle of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Bob represents key transmitting terminal, and Alice represents key reception end.
Refer to Fig. 1.
Spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system of the present utility model, it comprises mixed spin-orbital angular momentum generation unit, spin angular momentaum modulating unit, orbital angular momentum modulating unit and coincidence measurement decoding unit, described mixed spin-orbital angular momentum generation unit mixes entangled quantum state for generation of spin angular momentaum and orbital angular momentum, described spin angular momentaum modulating unit is for carrying out phase place Deflection modulation to signal photon spin angular momentaum, described orbital angular momentum modulating unit is for carrying out phase place Deflection modulation to idle photon orbital angular momentum, load coded message, described coincidence measurement decoding unit is for carrying out coincidence measurement decoding quantum bit information to signal photon and idle photon.
Refer to Fig. 2.
Described mixed spin-orbital angular momentum generation unit mainly comprises pump light source, bbo crystal, the first monomode fiber and q-plate phase-plate, described pump light source is 355nm ultraviolet mode-locked laser, the 355nm wavelength pump light that it sends, normal incidence is to bbo crystal, described BBO is the β phase barium metaborate crystal that two blocks of optical axises are vertically mutual and be bonded together, and chemical formula is β-BaB
2o
4, they are all cut into I class match pattern, and bbo crystal, under the excitation of described pump light, produces by transfer process under Spontaneous Parametric signal photon and the idle photon that the spin of 710nm wavelength is tangled, and entangled photons to quantum state is
The signal photon producing is coupled in described the first monomode fiber, because the diameter of the first monomode fiber is very little, its diameter is only 5 microns, only allow basic mode Gauss light to pass through, utilizing the first monomode fiber can filter out orbital angular momentum is zero basic mode Gauss light, tangles and crosstalks like this with regard to having isolated the orbital angular momentum that may exist;
The idle photon producing incides described q-plate phase-plate, and described q-plate phase-plate is a kind of single axial birefringence liquid crystal, and the axial stationary phase of its z postpones for π, direction of optic axis preset parameter q=1, α
0=0, the function of this characterisitic parameter q-plate phase-plate can be shown with a quantum operator table
under the effect of q-plate phase-plate, the spin angular momentaum of idle photon will transform to the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom;
The quantum state of described signal photon and described idle photon will be evolved into the mixing Entangled State of spin angular momentaum and orbital angular momentum
Described spin angular momentaum modulating unit mainly comprises half-wave plate and polarization beam apparatus, and the signal photon that arrives half-wave plate from the first monomode fiber can be regarded as in spin angular momentaum superposition state
the angle of orientation that half-wave plate is set is
for variable), through the signal photon of described half-wave plate, inject described polarization beam apparatus, the signal photon that described polarization beam apparatus penetrates will be introduced the phase place changes in deflection of spin angular momentaum dependence, and deflection spin angular momentaum quantum state can be expressed as
so, by different angle of orientation θ is set, can realize the phase place Deflection modulation of signal photon spin angular momentaum;
The signal photon that described polarization beam apparatus penetrates is coupled into the second monomode fiber and sends.Described the second monomode fiber diameter is 5 microns, and only coupling sends basic mode Gauss's photon.
Described orbital angular momentum modulating unit mainly comprises spatial light modulator and the computer being connected with spatial light modulator DVI interface.Described spatial light modulator is liquid crystal pure phase position reflection-type.Described computer can be controlled in real time the output of phase hologram in described spatial light modulator the orbital angular momentum of the idle photon of incident 710nm is carried out to Deflection modulation; Computer will
the phase hologram of pattern sends in spatial light modulator, incident beam after phase hologram diffraction, its phase place deflection χ and be converted into gaussian model (quantum state is | light m=0>) reflects away.Wherein, the phase place yaw orientation angle that χ is orbital angular momentum, different χ correspondences the corresponding deflection of orbit angular momentum state;
Modulated idle photon is coupled into the 3rd monomode fiber and sends.It is 5 microns that described the 3rd single mode also possesses fibre diameter, and only coupling sends the character of basic mode Gauss photon.Because the diffraction efficiency of spatial light modulator is limited, in system, the photon that has 20% left and right to carry orbital angular momentum can not be completed to modulation, yet this part photon carries orbital angular momentum because of it, beam waist cannot be coupled into more greatly the 3rd monomode fiber, so this part photon does not participate in the encoding and decoding of system, can not cause the raising of error rate of system.
Described coincidence measurement decoding unit comprises the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and coincide counter, and described coincide counter is connected with described the second single-photon detector with described the first single-photon detector respectively;
Described the first single-photon detector receives the signal photon transmitting described in described the second monomode fiber, records the flashlight subnumber arriving in the unit interval and detection data is sent to described coincide counter;
Described the second single-photon detector receives the idle photon transmitting described in described the 3rd monomode fiber, records the idle number of photons arriving in the unit interval and detection data is sent to described coincide counter;
Described coincide counter after coincidence measurement logical operation, the outside numerical value that meets photon of output unit in the time.
While utilizing spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system that the utility model provides to carry out key distribution, its key distribution process comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the preparation of mixed spin-orbital angular momentum Entangled State.Alice utilizes mixed spin-orbital angular momentum generation unit to produce spin angular momentaum and orbital angular momentum is mixed signal photon and the idle photon tangling, and she sends Bob at the photon that will leave unused in stick signal photon;
Step 2: quantum bit coding.Alice and Bob utilize respectively spin angular momentaum modulating unit and orbital angular momentum modulating unit to carry out phase place Deflection modulation to the orbital angular momentum of the spin angular momentaum of signal photon and idle photon, and Alice one end is modulated to spin angular momentaum yaw orientation angle θ
the deflection phase place angle of orientation χ of Bob Stochastic Modulation orbital angular momentum, is
Step 3: key sends.The coincidence measurement decoding unit that Alice and Bob are sent to Alice place by signal photon later of modulation and idle photon respectively after Single-Mode Fiber Coupling carries out photon detection and coincidence counting measurement;
Step 4: key becomes code.Alice recovers the key of coding according to coincidence measurement result: coincidence counting value is " 1 " relatively, separates tone coded " 0 ", and coincidence counting value is " 0.5 " relatively, separates tone coded " 1 "; Subsequently, she sets up random secret sequence 0,1 as code book.
Its concrete encoding-decoding process is as follows:
When modulation signal spin of photon angular momentum state is | θ >
π, idle photon orbit angular momentum state is | χ >
ltime, because signal photon and idle photon are co-located on spin(-)orbit angular momentum mixing Entangled State
so coincidence measurement system measures the probability of two-photon simultaneously
this is relative coincidence counting value.Now, coincidence counting function becomes the relation of cosine square with the difference of orbital angular momentum deflected state angle of orientation χ with spin angular momentaum state yaw orientation angle θ.Utilize coincidence counting, Alice and Bob can carry out quantum key distribution.Its basic thought is: Alice one end keep the yaw orientation angle θ of modulation spin angular momentaum state constant (as can be fixed into
and hold at Bob, phase hologram by sending different mode is on spatial light modulator, the yaw orientation angle χ that he can modulate orbit angular momentum state in real time carries out the coding of information, last, and Alice is recovered the key of Bob coding by different relative coincidence counting values.Encoding ratio paricular value is as shown in table 1 with the relation of relative coincidence counting value:
The relation of table 1 encoding ratio paricular value and relative coincidence counting value
As shown in table 1, encoding and decoding agree as follows: at transmitting terminal, the deflection phase place angle of orientation χ of Bob Stochastic Modulation orbital angular momentum, regulation χ is
time represent code " 0 ", regulation χ is
time represent code " 1 "; At receiving terminal, signal photon and idle photon that Alice arrived every a pair of corresponding time period carry out coincidence measurement, if coincidence counting value is " 1 " relatively, represent code " 0 ", if coincidence counting value is " 0.5 " relatively, represent code " 1 ".Alice sets up random secret sequence 0,1 as code book according to the coincidence counting situation of oneself.
While utilizing system that the utility model provides to carry out key distribution, its key distribution encoding and decoding specific implementation process is as follows: Bob is according to the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of different mode light beam, utilize computer to modulate its phase hologram, and by DVI interface, associative mode phase hologram is sent in spatial light modulator.At this, Bob output
the phase hologram coded-bit " 0 " of pattern, output
the phase hologram coded-bit " 1 " of pattern; Alice modulation half-wave plate angle of orientation θ is
she judges the key information of Bob by the count value of observation coincide counter, if she observes relative coincidence counting value for " 1 " in the corresponding time, the key bit " 0 " of Bob of decoding, if observe relative coincidence counting value for " 0.5 ", the key bit " 1 " of the Bob that decodes.
It is pointed out that and utilize system that the utility model provides to carry out key distribution Alice and Bob can also make full use of the right higher-dimension encoding characteristics of mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons, make every a pair of mixing entangled photons to loading more information amount.For example, a kind of more efficient code encoding/decoding mode is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 efficient code encoding/decoding mode
As shown in table 2, encoding and decoding agree as follows: at transmitting terminal, the deflection phase place angle of orientation χ of Bob Stochastic Modulation orbital angular momentum, regulation χ is
time represent code " 0 ", regulation χ is
time represent code " 1 ", regulation χ is
time represent code " 2 "; At receiving terminal, signal photon and idle photon that Alice arrived every a pair of corresponding time period carry out coincidence measurement, if symbol is involutory, count value is " 1 ", represent code " 0 ", if coincidence counting value is " 0.5 " relatively, represent code " 1 ", if coincidence counting value is " 0 " relatively, represent code " 2 ".Alice sets up the sequence 0,1 of random secret according to the coincidence counting situation of oneself, 2 as code book.
It is pointed out that Alice and Bob can adjust different code encoding/decoding modes as required, make it meet the utility model system coincidence counting function.
The announcement of book and instruction according to the above description, the utility model those skilled in the art can also change and revise above-mentioned execution mode.Therefore, the utility model is not limited to embodiment disclosed and described above, to modifications and changes more of the present utility model, also should fall in the protection range of claim of the present utility model.In addition,, although used some specific terms in this specification, these terms just for convenience of description, do not form any restriction to the utility model.
Claims (2)
1. a spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system, it is characterized in that: comprise pump light source, bbo crystal, monomode fiber and q-plate phase-plate, described bbo crystal is connected with described pump light source, the signal photon tangling for generation of spin and idle photon, described monomode fiber is used for isolating orbital angular momentum and tangles and crosstalk, described q-plate phase-plate is used for realizing spin of photon angular momentum and transforms to the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom, produces mixed spin-orbital angular momentum entangled photons pair;
Also comprise half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and monomode fiber, described half-wave plate is for carrying out phase place Deflection modulation to signal photon, described polarization beam apparatus is for carrying out polarization screening to signal photon, and described monomode fiber is for the transmission that is coupled of the signal photon to after modulation;
Also comprise spatial light modulator and monomode fiber, described spatial light modulator is used for modulating the idle photon orbit angular momentum state phase place deflection of incident, and described monomode fiber is for sending the coupling of the idle photon of gaussian model;
Also comprise the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector and coincide counter, the signal photon of described the first single-photon detector for arriving in record unit time, the idle photon of described the second single-photon detector for arriving in record unit time, described coincide counter is used for carrying out coincidence measurement.
2. a kind of spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid modulation quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise computer, described computer is connected with described spatial light modulator by its DVI interface.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104506309A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 华南师范大学 | Quantum key distribution method and system based on orbital angular momentum encoding |
| CN107015415A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of photon trajectory Angular Momentum Eigenstates tangle generation device and method |
| CN110546915A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-12-06 | 约翰内斯堡金山大学 | Method and system for hybrid classical quantum communication |
| CN110658634A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-01-07 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Processing system and method for continuously variable polarization and orbital angular momentum hybrid entanglement |
| CN112529201A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-19 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Entangled quantum state conversion method, device, equipment, storage medium and product |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104506309A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 华南师范大学 | Quantum key distribution method and system based on orbital angular momentum encoding |
| CN104506309B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-10-31 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of quantum key delivering method encoded based on orbital angular momentum and system |
| CN110546915A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-12-06 | 约翰内斯堡金山大学 | Method and system for hybrid classical quantum communication |
| CN110546915B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2022-10-04 | 约翰内斯堡金山大学 | Method and system for hybrid classical quantum communication |
| CN107015415A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of photon trajectory Angular Momentum Eigenstates tangle generation device and method |
| CN107015415B (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-09-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of photon trajectory Angular Momentum Eigenstates tangle generation device |
| CN110658634A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-01-07 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Processing system and method for continuously variable polarization and orbital angular momentum hybrid entanglement |
| CN110658634B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-10-01 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Processing system and method for continuously variable polarization and orbital angular momentum hybrid entanglement |
| CN112529201A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-19 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Entangled quantum state conversion method, device, equipment, storage medium and product |
| CN112529201B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-09-07 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Entangled quantum state conversion method, device, equipment, storage medium and product |
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