CN204007882U - A kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit - Google Patents
A kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN204007882U CN204007882U CN201420375584.6U CN201420375584U CN204007882U CN 204007882 U CN204007882 U CN 204007882U CN 201420375584 U CN201420375584 U CN 201420375584U CN 204007882 U CN204007882 U CN 204007882U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal and extracts circuit, utilize APD-PIN diode junction capacitance balancing method, Bezier low-pass filter and wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the incremental noise that gate-control signal is caused carries out filtering, extracts useful avalanche signal.This extraction circuit can keep the shape of avalanche signal well, and has obtained higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with lower cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal and extracts circuit, belongs to the technical field of faint light detection.
Background technology
The object of single-photon detector is to survey the faint optical signal of single photon magnitude.A single-photon detector conventionally comprises photoelectric detector (photomultiplier, avalanche photodide etc.), component driving circuit and output signal and extracts circuit.Avalanche photodide (APD) is widely adopted because operating rate is high, volume is small and exquisite.Because the APD in single-photon detector works under Geiger mode angular position digitizer, the avalanche current of its generation needs timely quencher with protection APD, and device can be surveyed next time.Gate quencher is the method generally adopting at present, and the method makes single-photon detector can have very high operating rate and detection efficiency, can reduce dark counting and afterpulse probability simultaneously; Yet gate-control signal self can be coupled to output terminal by the junction capacity of APD, become incremental noise, and amplitude is greater than produced avalanche signal conventionally.Therefore,, since gate single-photon detector occurs, how effectively from noise, extracting faint avalanche signal just becomes the emphasis that people probe into.
The extraction of avalanche signal is divided into two parts conventionally, and the one, the filtering of incremental noise, the 2nd, the amplification of avalanche signal.The common methods of filtering incremental noise comprises the several different methods such as bandreject filtering, low-pass filtering, sinusoidal gate phase elimination, autodyne balance-dividing method, capacitance balancing method, two APD balancing methods at present.Yet, these methods all come with some shortcomings: bandreject filtering and low-pass filtering be filtering incremental noise well, can reach fine inhibition, but the wave filter fast, rejection ratio is high that roll-offs is very large to the destruction of avalanche signal waveform, conditions of streaking is serious, and the method is available hardly when gate frequency is low.Sinusoidal gate phase elimination is generally used for high frequency, and the waveform shape that has limited gate can only be sine.Autodyne balance-dividing method is because the oneself who adopts lag line to realize noise offsets, can only be for single gate frequency, and very responsive to frequency change.Capacitance balancing method, owing to adopting fixed capacity, there are differences in characteristic with APD junction capacity, and its squelch performance is limited.Two APD balancing methods are at present good methods, yet the method need to be used two APD that characteristic is approximate, but only have an APD can be operated in optimum condition, with high costs.In filtering incremental noise, faint avalanche signal need to be amplified to higher than ground unrest, can effectively differentiate.The noise that reduces amplifying circuit and noise canceller circuit self is significant equally to improving signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Above-mentioned balancing method many times will be used differential amplifier, and the noise figure of differential amplifier exceeds several dB than single-ended radio frequency amplifier.In addition, when gate incremental noise amplitude is very large, even if passive filtering device also inevitably can produce larger band limited white noise.
Utility model content
For existing technical deficiency, the utility model proposes a kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal and extract circuit, this circuit is that the avalanche signal based on APD-PIN diode junction capacitance balancing method, Bezier low-pass filter and wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier extracts circuit, with lower cost, has realized higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Wherein APD is avalanche photodide.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit, comprise APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, Bezier low-pass filter and wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the output terminal of APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry is connected with the input end of Bessel filter, the output terminal of Bezier low-pass filter is connected with the input end of wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the avalanche signal that APD produces passes through, after APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry and Bezier low-pass filter noise reduction, through wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, to be amplified to output.Radio-frequency transformer (RFT) exists the phase place of approximately 1 ° unbalanced, causes above-mentioned balancing circuitry only higher to low frequency or specific high-frequency band rejection ratio, sometimes needs the noise of further filtering remnants.As supplementing of balancing circuitry, Bezier type Passive LC low-pass filter is good selection.Passive Bezier type low-pass filter has simple circuit form the same as Butterworth type, although its stopband roll-off rate is poor, but it has the most smooth group delay, for the wider avalanche signal of frequency spectrum, this wave filter can keep the shape of snowslide waveform intact as far as possible.
Preferred according to the utility model, described single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit, comprises an APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, one or more Bezier low-pass filters and one or more wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier;
Described APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry comprises two avalanche photodide D1 and the PIN diode D2 with close or identical junction capacity, the negative electrode that gate-control signal is coupled respectively to avalanche photodide D1 and PIN diode D2 by the identical capacitor C 1 of two capacitances and capacitor C 2, the negative electrode of avalanche photodide D1 is connected to bias voltage Vb1, the negative electrode of PIN diode D2 is connected to bias voltage Vb2, the anode of avalanche photodide D1 and PIN diode D2 is connected to respectively the armature winding two ends of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, secondary winding one end ground connection of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, other end output avalanche signal.By adjusting the control voltage Vb2 of PIN diode D2 in APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, make its junction capacity identical as far as possible with the junction capacity of avalanche photodide D1, D1 and D2 produce identical noise signal at T1 armature winding two ends.
Preferred according to the utility model, at the contact resistance R4 of avalanche photodide D1 anode place, at the anode place of PIN diode D2, connect adjustable resistance R5.The advantage of design is herein, so that DC channel and impedance matching to be provided, and circuit is finely tuned and is reached optimum efficiency.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model adopts the radio frequency PIN diode similar to APD structure and characteristics as capacitance balancing device, and its performance approaches two equitable performances of APD, and with low cost.When this balancing capacitance and wave filter use, reduce the requirement to the performance of wave filter simultaneously, reduced the noise inputs power of wave filter, thereby reduced the thermonoise that wave filter self produces.
2. the utility model adopts radio-frequency transformer (RFT) to suppress the incremental noise of common mode.Radio-frequency transformer (RFT) is passive device, when guaranteeing high rejection ratio, introduces hardly new noise, uses with together with the low noise wideband radio frequency amplifier of single-ended input, can obtain being low to moderate the noise figure of 1dB left and right; By contrast, the noise figure of differential amplifier is usually above 6dB.
3. the utility model adopts Bezier type Passive LC low-pass filter can keep well the shape of snowslide pulse, does not produce hangover vibration, is conducive to reduce the decision threshold of rear class Discr., improves detection efficiency and count rate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure block diagram of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry in the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of 9 rank Bezier low-pass filters in the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of low noise wideband radio frequency amplifier in the utility model embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail, but is not limited to this.
Embodiment
A kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit, comprise APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, Bezier low-pass filter and wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the output terminal of APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry is connected with the input end of Bessel filter, the output terminal of Bezier low-pass filter is connected with the input end of wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the avalanche signal that APD produces passes through, after APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry and Bezier low-pass filter noise reduction, through wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, to be amplified to output.
Described single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit, comprises an APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, one or more Bezier low-pass filters and one or more wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier;
Described APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry comprises two avalanche photodide D1 and the PIN diode D2 with close or identical junction capacity, the negative electrode that gate-control signal is coupled respectively to avalanche photodide D1 and PIN diode D2 by the identical capacitor C 1 of two capacitances and capacitor C 2, the negative electrode of avalanche photodide D1 is connected to bias voltage Vb1, the negative electrode of PIN diode D2 is connected to bias voltage Vb2, the anode of avalanche photodide D1 and PIN diode D2 is connected to respectively the armature winding two ends of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, secondary winding one end ground connection of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, other end output avalanche signal.At the contact resistance R4 of avalanche photodide D1 anode place, at the anode place of PIN diode D2, connect adjustable resistance R5.
As the application of above-mentioned single-photon detector avalanche signal extraction circuit, two DC offset voltages are applied to respectively to the negative electrode of APD and PIN diode, same gate-control signal is applied to respectively to the negative electrode of APD and PIN diode: after the operating bias voltage of APD is determined simultaneously, its junction capacity is certain value, regulate the bias voltage of PIN diode, its junction capacity is equated with the junction capacity of APD, the incremental noise of the incremental noise of now APD output and PIN diode output has identical amplitude and shape, by the armature winding of these two output access radio-frequency transformer (RFT)s, incremental noise is common-mode signal, the avalanche signal that APD produces is difference mode signal, now, by one end ground connection of secondary winding, common-mode signal is suppressed, and difference mode signal is that avalanche signal is successfully extracted,
Adopt Bezier low-pass filter supplementing as balancing circuitry;
Described avalanche signal amplifies by wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier.
The circuit structure of embodiment specifically as shown in Figure 1, comprises 1, three grade of Bessel filter 2 of APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry and 3 cascades of two-stage wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier.Between each circuit module, use 50 ohm coaxial cable to be connected.The outside bias DC voltage source connecting of the present embodiment is linear stabilized power supply, and gate-control signal is the pulse signal of repetition frequency 0.1MHz to 200MHz.
Be below the detailed description of each several part circuit:
APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry as shown in Figure 2.The gate-control signal of 1GHz is by 50 ohm coaxial cable places in circuit, in 50 Ohmage R3 place terminal couplings.This gate-control signal is coupled to avalanche photodide D1 negative electrode place by capacitor C 1, by C2, is coupled to PIN diode D2 negative electrode place, and C1 equates with C2.APD is connected to bias voltage Vb1 by R1, and PIN diode is connected to bias voltage Vb2 by R2.Resistance R 4 and adjustable resistance R5 provide DC channel for APD and PIN diode, and make radio-frequency transformer (RFT) impedance matching.Owing to inevitably there is fine distinction in the RC characteristic of PIN diode and APD, except adjusting voltage Vb2, by regulating adjustable resistance R5 can obtain best noise suppression effect.Gate-control signal is coupled to anode by the junction capacity of two diodes, is added in respectively the armature winding two ends of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, and wherein APD end may contain the avalanche signal that photon causes.In when design, the close PIN diode of junction capacity in the time of should as far as possible selecting junction capacity and APD work keeps the cabling of APD side and PIN side symmetrical simultaneously, identical to guarantee to arrive the noise signal at T1 two ends.Secondary winding one end ground connection of radio-frequency transformer (RFT), the other end is connected to Bessel filter by concentric cable.In the present embodiment, APD is the InGaAs/InP APD that is operated in near-infrared band, and model is PGA-300; The model of PIN diode is HSMP-389B; Radio-frequency transformer (RFT) is the wide band radio-frequency transformer CX2156NL of frequency of operation 2.3MHz to 2700MHz.During circuit working, by adjusting the bias voltage Vb2 of PIN diode, make its junction capacity approach the junction capacity of the normal work of APD.Now, the noise signal at T1 two ends is basic identical, is common-mode signal, can be on armature winding generation current; And avalanche signal electric current can flow through as difference mode signal the armature winding of T1, and make secondary winding produce induction current output.
In embodiment, use 9 rank Passive LC Bezier type low-pass filters, as shown in Figure 3, its rejection ratio at 1.25GHz place is 18dB, and-3dB point is 550MHz, and insertion loss is less than 2dB.This wave filter has used three grades in the present embodiment, and 1.25GHz is greater than 54dB with total rejection ratio of upper frequency.
In embodiment, use the wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier that model is SGA4563Z, as shown in Figure 4, it can be operated in the broadband range of DC to 2500MHz, has the typical gains of 25.6dB, noise figure 1.9dB.This amplifier has used two-stage in the present embodiment, and total magnification is 50dB.
Claims (3)
1. a single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit, it is characterized in that, this circuit comprises APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, Bezier low-pass filter and wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the output terminal of APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry is connected with the input end of Bessel filter, the output terminal of Bezier low-pass filter is connected with the input end of wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, the avalanche signal that APD produces passes through, after APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry and Bezier low-pass filter noise reduction, through wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier, to be amplified to output.
2. a kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal according to claim 1 extracts circuit, it is characterized in that, described single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit, comprise an APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry, one or more Bezier low-pass filters and one or more wide band radio-frequency low noise amplifier;
Described APD-PIN junction capacity balancing circuitry comprises two avalanche photodide D1 and the PIN diode D2 with close or identical junction capacity, the negative electrode that gate-control signal is coupled respectively to avalanche photodide D1 and PIN diode D2 by the identical capacitor C 1 of two capacitances and capacitor C 2, the negative electrode of avalanche photodide D1 is connected to bias voltage Vb1, the negative electrode of PIN diode D2 is connected to bias voltage Vb2, the anode of avalanche photodide D1 and PIN diode D2 is connected to respectively the armature winding two ends of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, secondary winding one end ground connection of radio-frequency transformer (RFT) T1, other end output avalanche signal.
3. a kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal according to claim 1 extracts circuit, it is characterized in that, at the contact resistance R4 of avalanche photodide D1 anode place, at the anode place of PIN diode D2, connects adjustable resistance R5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420375584.6U CN204007882U (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | A kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit |
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| CN201420375584.6U CN204007882U (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | A kind of single-photon detector avalanche signal extracts circuit |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104062018A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-09-24 | 山东大学 | Single-photon detector avalanche signal extraction circuit and application thereof |
| CN106482840A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-08 | 山东大学 | A kind of active quenching circuit for single-photon detector and its method of work |
| CN107024289A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-08 | 华中师范大学 | A kind of single-photon detector of low time jitter |
-
2014
- 2014-07-08 CN CN201420375584.6U patent/CN204007882U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104062018A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-09-24 | 山东大学 | Single-photon detector avalanche signal extraction circuit and application thereof |
| CN106482840A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-08 | 山东大学 | A kind of active quenching circuit for single-photon detector and its method of work |
| CN106482840B (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-03-08 | 山东大学 | A kind of active quenching circuit and its working method for single-photon detector |
| CN107024289A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-08 | 华中师范大学 | A kind of single-photon detector of low time jitter |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141210 Termination date: 20170708 |