CN203983731U - Spark plug - Google Patents
Spark plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203983731U CN203983731U CN201420050281.7U CN201420050281U CN203983731U CN 203983731 U CN203983731 U CN 203983731U CN 201420050281 U CN201420050281 U CN 201420050281U CN 203983731 U CN203983731 U CN 203983731U
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- spark plug
- spacing
- electrodes
- designed
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/24—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having movable electrodes
- H01T13/26—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having movable electrodes for adjusting spark gap otherwise than by bending of electrode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
- F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
- F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of spark plug, described spark plug has at least one electrode pair, described electrode pair comprises two electrodes, described two electrodes are electric insulation and being spaced apart from each other relative to each other, the first electrode in described two electrodes serves as ground electrode, spacing between the first electrode described in ignition gap and the second electrode is variable, sparking path is formed in described ignition gap in the process of implementing igniting, it is characterized in that: in order to adjust the object of the spacing in described ignition gap, it is movably that at least one in described two electrodes is designed to, adjusting device is provided for this purpose, with the method based on various engine operating parameters adjustment electrode gap spacings.This can realize better the reliable ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder of straight spray explosive motor under various engine operating conditions.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the priority of the German patent application No.102013201187.3 of submission on January 25th, 2013, and for all objects, its whole content is merged in herein by reference.
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of spark plug.
Background technology
Spark plug can be used to light the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of the straight spray explosive motor of implementing igniting.Spark plug can comprise at least one electrode pair with electric insulation and isolated relative to each other two electrodes.The first electrode can act as ground.Spacing between first and second electrode is ignition gap, and in the process of implementing igniting, sparking path forms at this.
The method of adjusting ignition performance is to adopt a spark plug with movable electrode spacing, and described movable electrode spacing changes according to the current operating temperature of explosive motor.In one example, spark plug has relatively little electrode spacing at low temperatures, and along with temperature is increased to higher value and increases spacing.Another example increases electrode spacing at first during warm-up period along with the increase of temperature, and then along with engine operating temperature further increases over predetermined threshold temperature and reduces electrode spacing.Two kinds of method utilizations have the bimetallic element of the assembly of two kinds of different heat expansion characteristics.
Inventor recognize before have according to some problems of the spark plug of the variable electrode spacing of the current operating temperature of engine and come from and when temperature increases or is increased to predetermined threshold temperature, increase spacing.In two kinds of methods, the spark plug of described type has relatively little spacing during warm-up period, and this can make to make the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture to be degenerated during warm-up period.In addition, inventor has realized that large gap under operation at part load and the little gap under heavy-duty service can realize better the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture in the situation that selecting.
Utility model content
In one example, can be electrically insulated from each other and the spark plug of two electrodes spaced-apart relative to each other solves described problem in this article at least in part by comprising.In addition, the first electrode serves as ground electrode, and can utilize adjusting device to adjust the spacing between the first electrode and the second electrode for various engine operating parameters.The first electrode, the second electrode or the first and second electrodes are movably.This can realize the control to ignition gap spacing better.
In another example, a kind of by adjusting control device according to the first electrode of at least one operational factor control spark plug of explosive motor and the spacing method between the second electrode, wherein can set changeably igniting gap clearance at engine run duration, wherein the method also comprises that at least one or more engine operating parameter can be measured and/or estimate, to can realize better the igniting of fuel-air mixture.This can provide along with the variation of engine operating condition the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture.
In another example, provide a kind of engine control, it comprises: by the code being stored in the memory of controller, adjust the first electrode of spark plug and the spacing between the second electrode.
In another example, described spacing is adjusted by described controller in response at least one operational factor of described engine, wherein at engine run duration, sets changeably described spacing, and simultaneously described engine is implemented burning.
In another example, described spacing increases along with the increase of exhaust gas recirculation rate.
In another example, in response to the aging increase of spark plug, increase described spacing, described controller based on engine hour number, vehicle mileage or its combination determine that described spark plug is aging.
In another example, it is characterized in that: based on engine temperature, further adjust described spacing.
In another example, in response to increasing described spacing than the rarer air-fuel ratio of rare threshold value in cylinder.
In another example, in response to ignition voltage, adjust described spacing.
In another example, in response to engine load, adjust described spacing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 schematically shows the first embodiment of spark plug with the form of end view and part section.
Fig. 2 shows the example of the explosive motor with spark plug.
Fig. 3 shows the exemplary method of the spark plug operation explosive motor that utilizes the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 schematically shows a kind of exemplary method of adjusting spark plug gap spacing.
Embodiment
For lighting the spark plug of fuel-air mixture of the cylinder of the straight spray explosive motor of implementing igniting, wherein spark plug has at least one electrode pair, electrode pair comprises two electrodes, two electrodes are electric insulation and being spaced apart from each other relative to each other, the first electrode in two electrodes serves as ground electrode, spacing in ignition gap between the first electrode and the second electrode is variable, and sparking path is formed in ignition gap in the process of implementing igniting.
In addition, provide a kind of by utilizing the spark plug of described type improve to implement the method for the igniting of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of straight spray explosive motor of igniting.
Due to the limited availability of conduct for generation of the raw-material mineral oil of the fuel of explosive motor, therefore attempt to make fuel consumption to minimize.
Problem is the efficiency of the especially relative mistake of Otto engine and the fuel consumption that causes.The reason of this problem is the principle of the running of traditional Otto engine.Traditional Otto engine moves with even fuel-air mixture, and described even fuel-air mixture is introduced into by fuel the air that is arranged in air intake duct and forms external mix thing and be prepared.By changing the inflation of combustion chamber, come setting power or load, so that the Gong of Otto engine made Cheng – to be compared with Diesel engine-based on amount, regulate.
Generally by the air throttle baffle plate providing in air intake duct, carrying out described load controls.By adjusting air throttle baffle plate, can be more or reduce the inlet pressure in air throttle baffle plate downstream in less degree.The degree that air throttle baffle plate is closed is larger, and the degree that baffle plate blocks air intake duct is larger, and the inlet pressure loss of air throttle baffle plate both sides is larger, and lower to the inlet pressure of the indoor air throttle baffle plate downstream of combusted cylinder and import upstream.In this way, to carry out setting air quality (i.e. amount) be possible to the pressure by air inlet.Such load controls proved it within the scope of sub-load, is especially disadvantageous, because underload needs significant decompression, i.e. and the throttling of height, inflation exchange loss increases along with load reduction whereby.
In order to reduce described throttling loss, the various strategies for throttling have been developed.For example, a kind of is the Otto engine course of work with direct injection for making Otto engine without the method for the scheme of throttling.The direct injection of fuel is that this allows to make mixture quite rare, and therefore need to reduce the throttling of pressurized air for realizing the appropriate method of layered combustion chamber inflation (being layer inflation operation).This provides thermodynamics advantage when especially (being within the scope of underload and moderate duty) only sprays a small amount of fuel within the scope of sub-load.The method is also utilized the direct injection of fuel.
Further advantage is because the combustion chamber relevant to direct injection and the internal cooling of mixture occur, the utilization that makes whereby compression and/or supercharging supercharging and improve subsequently fuel in the situation that there is no the too early spontaneous combustion of fuel (so-called detonation, the characteristic of other of Otto engine) becomes possibility.
Layer inflation operation is with extremely inhomogeneous combustion chamber inflation, wherein near spark plug, realize the ignitable fuel-air mixture with relatively high fuel concentration (λ <1), yet lower fuel concentration (higher local air is than (λ >1)) is present in the mixture layer being arranged in below it.This causes having very rare combustion chamber inflation of overall air ratio lambda >>1.
Conventionally, air ratio lambda is defined as actual provision to the air quality m of at least one cylinder of explosive motor
air, realitybe supplied to the fuel mass m of at least one cylinder with complete oxidation just in time
fuelrequired stoichiometric air quality m
air, stoichiometrythe ratio of (stoichiometry operation λ=1 of explosive motor).It follows λ=m
air, reality/ m
air, stoichiometry.
Only (under the background of initial reaction that comprises vaporization the Hun He – Ru of air and fuel fruit Xu Yao the preparation of – and fuel) and the igniting of the mixture of having prepared are prepared in the injection, the mixture in combustion chamber that can be used for fuel of the time period within the scope of relatively short millisecond.Therefore, to the situation of lighting a fire and the requirement of spark plug being significantly higher than to traditional Otto cycle process, even if to also can guarantee reliable igniting more difficult in the situation that.
At the run duration of straight spray Otto engine, total air ratio lambda is according to changing when preload.Here, explosive motor is generally rare due to excess air (λ >1) operation when operation at part load, and rich (λ <1) operation due to lack of air during at relative highland load and in full load.The variation of total air ratio lambda also causes the larger requirement to spark plug, because must and guarantee the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture under the extremely wide scope of total air ratio lambda at all loads.
Particularly, should prevent from not only causing rotating irregular (being the rotary speed fluctuation of explosive motor) but also causing pollutant emission to increase catching fire of (specifically causing the discharge of unburned hydrocarbons to increase).
For can reliable ignition lean mixture, between two electrodes, relatively large spacing is preferred or expectation, although to there is excess air in combustion chamber, but enough the fuel molecule of large ratio also can enter the ignition gap of spark plug, wherein in the process of implementing igniting, sparking path is formed in described ignition gap.
The in the situation that of explosive motor cold start-up, relatively large electrode spacing is preferred equally, with convenient operating temperature, is still lower time, guarantees equally the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture during warm-up period.
The combustibility of fuel-air mixture or flammability are also subject to exhaust gas recirculatioon (being recycled to the air displacement of inlet side from outlet side) impact.Exhaust gas recirculatioon is suitable for reducing untreated oxynitride discharge, wherein by increase exhaust gas recirculation rate can be quite a lot of reduce untreated oxynitride discharge.Here, exhaust gas recirculation rate x
eGRbe confirmed as x
eGR=m
eGR/ (m
eGR+ m
newly fresh air), m wherein
eGRthe quality that represents the exhaust of recirculation, and m
fresh airthe fresh air that represents supply, if suitably, described fresh air is conducted through compressor and compressed.In order to obtain the considerable of oxynitride discharge, reduce, need about x
eGRthe high exhaust gas recirculation rate of ≈ 60% to 70% magnitude.In addition, can under high load capacity, use exhaust gas recirculatioon, to reduce detonation tendency.Under high recirculation rate, large or relatively large electrode spacing is preferred, or because recirculation rate increases, the increase of electrode spacing is preferred, to utilize acceptable ignition voltage to guarantee the reliable ignition of fuel-air-exhaust mixture.
By comparison, for the operation of high load capacity and full load, that is to say that (the relatively little) electrode spacing reducing is preferred, wherein minimum spacing should short circuit, to avoid the unacceptable high voltage of two electrode burn.If the ignition voltage of reliable ignition rises to less desirable high level (supposing less desirable high value), the electrode spacing reducing is preferred generally.Therefore, can reduce actual required ignition voltage.
Foregoing shows, in order to guarantee to implement the reliable ignition in the straight spray explosive motor of igniting under all operating modes, the spark plug with movable electrode spacing is extremely beneficial.
US6,586,865B1 has described the spark plug of the type of mentioning in foreword, and wherein electrode spacing changes according to the current operating temperature of explosive motor.Here, an electrode of spark plug is taked the form of bimetallic element, and bimetallic element comprises two assemblies with the arranged in form of layer, and the thermal expansion character of two assemblies is different.Here, about its expansion characteristics, select and arrange two assemblies, so that from explosive motor is cold state, the spacing between the first electrode and the second electrode increases along with the rising of operating temperature in the process of warm-up period.The spark plug of described type has relatively little electrode spacing during warm-up period, and has the spacing of increase when operation at part load or lean-burn operation, and has in relatively high load portion the spacing reducing.
The spark plug (i.e. the spark plug of the gap variable between two electrodes) of another exploitation of the type of just discussing has also been described in the disclosed specification DE102006037412A1 of Germany.Variable in order to realize (being variable spacing), its again propose in two electrodes at least one take the form of bimetallic element, wherein bimetallic element comprises two assemblies, the thermal expansion character of two assemblies is different.In order to be cold state from explosive motor, spacing between electrode tentatively increases along with the rising of operating temperature in the process of warm-up period, and then along with operating temperature is further, increases and exceed the point of predetermined threshold temperature and again reduce, the autotelic selection that is formed two assemblies of bimetallic element is essential.Therefore two assemblies have the expansion characteristics of mutual coordination, and wherein the second assembly reveals with respect to the first component table the expansion characteristics reducing in the first temperature range, and in contiguous temperature range, with respect to the first component table, reveals the expansion characteristics of increase.
The advantage of the spark plug of DE102006037412A1 is that the spacing between electrode changes automatically and ad hoc according to the Current Temperatures in the cylinder of explosive motor.The autotelic adjustment of the electrode spacing in ignition gap as requested can not, it is impossible realizing and realizing best electrode spacing at specific run point.Particularly, according to exhaust gas recirculation rate x
eGRand/or the spacing that total air ratio lambda changes between (adjusting) electrode is impossible.
Under this background, spark plug of the present invention is provided, described spark plug allows to be arranged in the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture of the cylinder of straight spray explosive motor under all operating modes.
Another sub-goal is that a kind of method of utilizing the spark ignitor fuel-air mixture of described type has been described in detail in detail.
By realizing first object for lighting the spark plug of fuel-air mixture of the cylinder of the straight spray explosive motor of implementing igniting, this spark plug has at least one electrode pair, electrode pair comprises two electrodes, two electrodes are electric insulation and being spaced apart from each other relative to each other, the first electrode in two electrodes serves as ground electrode, spacing between the first electrode and the second electrode is in ignition gap, and wherein, in order to adjust the object of the spacing in ignition gap, it is movably that at least one in two electrodes is designed to, adjusting device is provided for this purpose.
Spark plug has adjusting device, by this adjusting device, can affect electrode spacing in target mode, the spacing between two electrodes in can ACTIVE CONTROL ignition gap.For this object, it is movably that at least one in two electrodes is designed to, therefore described at least one removable electrode can be moved by adjusting device, towards another electrode, move to reduce the spacing in ignition gap, and away from another electrode priming to increase the spacing in ignition gap.
At least one removable electrode can be moved, and in target mode, from a service position, forwards another service position to by adjusting device.
Aspect this, spark plug allows the adjustment of the specific run point of the electrode spacing in ignition gap, that is, making to set best electrode spacing for the various operating points of explosive motor becomes possibility.Compare with the prior art of only considering near temperature electrode pair in cylinder, according to the operational factor of various expectations, control the spacing between (adjusting) electrode, particularly, also according to exhaust gas recirculation rate x
eGRand/or the spacing that total air ratio lambda changes between (adjusting) electrode is possible.
In this way, realize first object, the spark plug of reliable ignition of the fuel-air mixture of the cylinder that allows to be positioned at straight spray explosive motor under all operating modes is provided.
This spark plug can meet the various requirement to electrode spacing.
Therefore, the cold start-up realization electrode spacing relatively large or that increase for explosive motor is possible.By the spacing increasing, lean mixture can be lighted reliably equally, prevailing air ratio under sub-load can be allowed whereby.Identical lean mixture is applied to have the running status of exhaust gas recirculatioon.Towards high load capacity and under full load, can reduce as requested electrode spacing, can set the electrode spacing reducing.
In addition, the adjustment of the electrode by least one removable design, spark plug makes the increase of burning the electrode spacing causing of the electrode that compensation (offsetting) causes due to wearing and tearing become possibility.This has increased the useful life of spark plug greatly, because if spacing because the wearing and tearing of the duration of operation along with gradually increase, is to form sparking path to consider the ignition voltage increasing gradually, wherein the increase of ignition voltage causes the increase of burning conversely.
The embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, wherein can adjust electrode spacing in the mode of continuous variable.Yet the embodiment of such spark plug is also favourable, wherein can adjust electrode spacing in the mode of classification, particularly, in multistage mode or in the mode of two-stage.
Will be in conjunction with the embodiment of the more favourable spark plug of discussion of the present invention.
The embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, and being wherein designed to movably at least one electrode is ground electrode.
The embodiment of such spark plug is also favourable, and to be wherein designed to be movably to two of electrode pair electrodes.
Particularly, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, wherein provide in the shell that central electrode, central electrode be disposed in spark plug, and central electrode is by insulator and ground electrode electric insulation.
Here, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, and wherein central electrode is to be designed to movably at least one electrode, and ground electrode is designed to fix.Central electrode is particularly suitable for being designed to removable electrode because ground electrode generally in combustion chamber side with the form of similar cap around central electrode.
In this connection, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable equally, mode dislocation in shell that wherein central electrode can translation by adjusting device, and ground electrode is connected to shell rigidly.
Here, translational shifting in-migration by central electrode is adjusted the spacing between two electrodes in ignition gap, wherein in order to reduce the spacing in ignition gap, towards ground electrode Mobility Center electrode, and in order to increase the spacing in ignition gap, Mobility Center electrode is electrode remotely.For example, thermotonus formula paraffin, solenoid, actuator etc. can be used to adjust the displacement of electrode.
The embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, and its middle regulator comprises at least one thermotonus formula paraffin element, and its volume changes according to temperature, and the variation of paraffin element causes being designed to the movably movement of at least one electrode.
Thermotonus formula paraffin element is used as adjusting device or is used as a part for adjusting device.Paraffin element only needs by thermal actuation.The thermal actuation of the temperature of paraffin element (change, specifically increase) causes the variation of volume, and wherein in this case, the variation of the volume of paraffin element is for the mobile removable electrode that is designed to.Actuating that can accomplished in various ways paraffin element, as –, this carries out Chan Shu – and passes through heating element Li just below in more detail.
The embodiment of such spark plug is also favourable, and mechanical speed-control device is wherein provided.
If thermotonus formula paraffin element is used to form adjusting device, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, wherein at least one thermotonus formula paraffin element is disposed in operating room, and when the increase by temperature is activated, activate displacement mechanism, displacement mechanism impact is designed to the movably movement of at least one electrode.
When activateding, the impact of paraffin element intention is designed to the movably movement of at least one electrode.For the variation by volume activates the actuator of displacement mechanism, and in order to accumulate the required power of this object, it is favourable that paraffin element is arranged in the operating room of the variation (i.e. the initial expansion that stops paraffin element) of offsetting generally volume.In the mode controlled by operating room and in operating room, the variation of volume is delivered to actuator, this actuator is designed to the movably displacement mechanism of the movement of at least one electrode for activating impact.
The operation principle or the structure that depend on displacement mechanism, the paraffin element (expansion of paraffin element) expanding when being activated can cause (for) the reducing or increase of the electrode spacing of ignition gap.
Particularly, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, and wherein when the increase by temperature is activated, owing to being designed to the movably movement of at least one electrode, thermotonus formula paraffin element affects reducing of spacing in ignition gap.
So can activate paraffin element under relatively high load or towards high load capacity etc., to affect reducing of electrode spacing in ignition gap.
In addition, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, wherein can ACTIVE CONTROL thermotonus formula paraffin element.Described embodiment allows the particular characteristics mapping of paraffin element to control, and therefore allows the specific run point of electrode spacing to adjust.
Here, the embodiment of such spark plug is favourable, wherein by heating element and/or engine controller, and can ACTIVE CONTROL thermotonus formula paraffin element.
If can ACTIVE CONTROL thermotonus formula paraffin element, so such embodiment be favourable, and wherein thermotonus formula paraffin element is automatically controlled.Automatically controlled paraffin element has its advantage of coordinating mutually with traditional control technology of explosive motor.In addition, electronic controller can be used on on-vehicle battery in simple mode.
Realize by the following method the second sub-goal, the second sub-goal specifically indicates a kind of method of utilizing the spark ignitor fuel-air mixture of the above-mentioned type, in the method, according at least one operational factor of explosive motor, by adjusting device, change the spacing between two electrodes in the region that forms therein sparking path in the process of implementing igniting.
About spark plug statement, be also applied to the method.
The embodiment of such the method is favourable, wherein, and due to exhaust gas recirculation rate x
eGRincrease, increase the spacing between two electrodes.
Exhaust gas recirculatioon has impact to the ignitability of fuel-air mixture and flammability.Under high recirculation rate, relatively large electrode spacing is preferred, or because recirculation rate increases, the increase of electrode spacing is preferred, to can realize the reliable ignition of fuel-air-exhaust mixture.
The embodiment of such the method is favourable substantially, wherein, in order to reduce ignition voltage, reduces two spacing between electrode.
The embodiment of such the method is favourable, wherein, in the situation of lean fuel-air mixture (λ >1), because air ratio lambda increases, increases the spacing between two electrodes.
In order reliable to light lean mixture, spacing between two relatively large electrodes is preferred or expectation, although to there is excess air in combustion chamber, but enough the fuel molecule of large ratio also can enter the ignition gap of spark plug, wherein in the process of implementing igniting, sparking path is formed in described ignition gap.
The embodiment of such the method is favourable, and wherein, along with load, from explosive motor, the state in operation at part load starts to increase, and increases the spacing between two electrodes.
Yet general relatively rare mixture needs the spacing between two relatively large electrodes under operation at part load, but for high load capacity and full load operation, concrete also about required ignition voltage, the spacing between little electrode is preferred.
The embodiment of such the method is favourable, wherein, for the cold start-up of explosive motor, increases the spacing between two electrodes.
During cold start-up, relatively large or large electrode spacing is preferred, to guarantee the reliable ignition of fuel-air mixture under low-running-temperature.
In order to ensure the reliable ignition of (specifically during cold start-up) fuel-air mixture between the starting period of explosive motor, conventionally startup stage multi-injection can with the fuel mass m that is arranged in the pressurized air stoichiometric(al) combustion of cylinder
fuel, stoichiometry.Here, realize 10 and larger enriching coefficient be common, wherein rich coefficient represents the fuel mass of actual provision and the ratio of stoichiometry fuel mass.The object of described measure is, by the vaporize fuel quantity of sufficient to guarantee reliable ignition of excess of fuel.
The embodiment of such method is favourable, wherein, along with operating temperature is that cold state starts to increase from explosive motor, and along with load further increases and surpasses the point that arrives predetermined load, reduces two spacing between electrode.
Turn to Fig. 1, show the first embodiment of spark plug 1 with the form of end view and part section, it comprises the electrode pair with electrode 2 spaced-apart relative to each other and 3.In Fig. 1, an electrode 2 in electrode pair is taked the central electrode 4 of center arrangement.Another electrode 3 serves as ground electrode 5, its in combustion chamber side with the form of similar cap around central electrode 4.Here, the quantity that can enter ignition gap 6 with sufficient to guarantee fuel-air mixture provides opening, and wherein sparking path is formed between two electrodes 2 and 3 in the process of implementing igniting.Insulator 7 is around the central electrode 4 of center arrangement, and makes relative to each other electric insulation of two electrodes 2,3, and wherein insulator 7 itself is received in screw thread shell 8.
In this example, central electrode 4 is designed to removable electrode 4, and ground electrode 5 is connected to screw thread shell 8 rigidly, is fixing.In other examples, it is movably that central electrode and ground electrode 5 can be designed to.By adjusting device 10, the mode that central electrode 4 can translation in insulator 7 is along longitudinal axis 9 displacements of spark plug 1.For example, adjusting device can comprise solenoid, thermotonus formula paraffin or actuator.In addition, adjusting device can be contained in spark plug or externally.
Here, the spacing between two electrodes 2,3 in ignition gap 6 is adjusted in translation displacement (double-head arrow) by central electrode 4, wherein in order to reduce the spacing in ignition gap 6, towards ground electrode 5 Mobility Center electrodes 4, and in order to increase the spacing in ignition gap 6, mobile ignition gap 6 is electrode 5 remotely.
In this example, adjusting device 10 comprises thermotonus formula paraffin element 10a, and its volume varies with temperature.The variation of the volume of paraffin element 10a causes being designed to the movably movement of central electrode 4.For this object, paraffin element 10a is disposed in the 10c of operating room, to be converted to adjustment power by increase the change in volume causing due to temperature.When the increase by temperature activates paraffin element 10a, due to the movement of the contrary central electrode 4 of the spring force with back-moving spring 10b, the spacing in ignition gap 6 is reduced.For example, can activate paraffin element 10a by engine operating temperature or heater.
With reference to Fig. 2, it shows an example of explosive motor 100.Engine 100 is described to have combustion chamber 104, cooling agent sleeve 118 and cylinder wall 136, and wherein piston 138 is arranged in cylinder wall 136 and is connected to bent axle 140.Combustion chamber 104 is illustrated as being communicated with air intake duct 146 and exhaust duct 148 via inlet valve 150 and exhaust valve 156 separately.In described diagram 100, as an example, only show a cylinder.
Utilize cam driving system (it comprises one or more cam being described by admission cam 151 and exhaust cam 153) separately, controller 02 can be controlled inlet valve 150 and exhaust valve 156.The position of inlet valve 150 and exhaust valve 156 can be determined by valve position sensor 155 and 157 respectively.
In certain embodiments, at least one of engine 100 or more cylinder can comprise the spark plug 1 for ignition combustion, described at Fig. 1.After adjusting ignition gap for engine operating parameter, described at Fig. 3, in response to the spark that carrys out self-controller 102, shift to an earlier date signal SA, ignition system 109 can 104 provide pilot spark to combustion chamber via spark plug 1.
Fig. 2 is shown lateral jetter by injector 166.Can be instead, injector can be positioned at the position on piston ear spark plug 1 top.In alternative embodiment, injector 166 can be that fuel is provided to the intake port injection device in the air intake duct of cylinder 104 upstreams.
Controller 102 is illustrated as microcomputer, and it comprises: microprocessing unit (CPU) 106, input/output end port (I/O) 108, in this concrete example as the electronic storage medium for executable program and calibration figure shown in read-only memory (ROM) 110, random-access memory (ram) 112, keep-alive memory access (KAM) 114 and data/address bus.Storage medium read-only memory 110 can be programmed by mechanized data, and the instruction that this mechanized data representative can be carried out by processor 106, for other variants of realizing the following stated method and expectation but specifically not listing.
Controller 102 can receive from the various signals that are attached to the transducer of engine 100.For example,, from the measurement of the air inlet mass air flow meter (MAF) of Mass Air Flow transducer 122; From the engine coolant temperature (ECT) that is attached to the temperature sensor 116 of cooling cover 118; From the hall effect sensor 120(or the other types that are attached to bent axle 140) PIP Profile Igntion PickUp signal (PIP); Throttle position (TP) from throttle position sensor; Manifold absolute pressure signal (MAP) from transducer 124; Cylinder air-fuel ratio (AFR) from lambda sensor (EGO) 128; And from the malcombustion of knock sensor and bent axle acceleration sensor.In addition, can use unshowned other transducers.
One or more input based on from the sensor, controller 102 can be adjusted the ignition gap 6 of one or more spark plugs 1 or given cylinder and engine operating parameter.Input data, processing input data and instruction or code based on being wherein programmed corresponding to one or more program that controller 102 can receive from various transducers respond to processed input data.Example control method has been described in Fig. 3 and 4.
Turn to now Fig. 3, program 200 is described to show the step of utilizing spark plug 1 to make straight spray explosive motor 100 operations of enforcement igniting.Particularly, program 200 can realize the adjustment of spark plug gap spacing according to engine operating parameter and spark plug gap spacing, to can realize better reliable igniting at all engine operating conditions.
At 202 places, engine operating condition can measured and/or estimation.For example, these can comprise engine operating temperature, air ratio, engine load, exhaust gas recirculatioon (EGR) rate, ignition voltage etc.Fig. 2 has described the example of the transducer that can use in explosive motor.
At 204 places, spark plug gap spacing can measured and/or estimation.In one example, this can be done by the runtime value of the last storage of inquiry in question blank.In another example, this can also be by applying high voltage and measuring from zero crossing voltage until the time of plug ignition is done at sparking-plug electrode two ends.
At 206 places, program can determine whether to need the adjustment of spark plug gap spacing.For example, can determine whether current gap clearance needs to adjust, and allows the reliable ignition of fuel in the time of cold during with convenient engine.If do not need spark plug gap spacing adjustment, program can enter 208, and makes engine with current spark plug gap spacing operation.
If determine that at 206 places spark plug gap spacing needs to adjust, program can enter 210.Based on engine operating parameter, adjust spark plug gap spacing.Fig. 4 shows and is used to determine in response to various engine operating parameters gap clearance increase or the exemplary method reducing.
Turn to now Fig. 4, illustrate the adjustment type for engine operating parameter and spark plug gap spacing: increase, reduce or keep identical program 300.Before definite ignition gap spacing adjusted value, engine controller can determine to set from the gapped adjustment of institute of program 300.In addition, controller can determine to comprise one or more in the engine operating parameter of can be measured and/or estimating.
At 302 places, program can determine that spark plug is aging whether lower than minimum threshold.At the life period of spark plug, the increase of burning the electrode spacing causing causing due to wearing and tearing is contingent.If spark plug is lower than the aging threshold value of minimum, program can enter 306, and in 306, spark plug gap clearance can increase or keep identical.If spark plug surpasses minimum aging threshold value, program can enter 304, and in 304, spark plug gap clearance can reduce or keep identical.This can contribute to burning of electrode that compensate for wear causes.If gap clearance is because the wearing and tearing of the duration of operation along with gradually increase, this can increase the useful life of spark plug, and this changes larger ignition voltage conversely into, thereby form, causes increasing the sparking path burning.
If program from 304 and 306 or 302(skip 304 and 306) enter 308, in 308, can determine whether engine moves under minimum threshold temperature.For example, during cold start-up, engine operating temperature can be lower than minimum threshold.In order to realize better the reliable ignition of air-fuel mixture, ignition gap spacing relatively large between two electrodes is expected.If so, program can enter 312, and increases ignition gap spacing or keep identical.If not, program can enter 310, and reduces ignition gap spacing or keep identical.This can realize better the reliable ignition of air-fuel mixture under various engine operating temperatures.
If program from 310 and 312 or 308(skip 310 and 312) enter 314, in 314, can determine that total air ratio lambda is whether on minimum threshold.For example, at the run duration of Otto engine, total air ratio lambda changes can cause the larger requirement to spark plug.In general, explosive motor rare due to excessive air (λ >1) operation, and may rich (λ <1) operation due to lack of air.In order to realize better the reliable ignition of air-fuel mixture, should adjust spark plug gap spacing.For example, due to lean mixture, select relatively large ignition gap, so that enough the fuel molecule of large ratio enters the ignition gap that forms therein sparking path.If so, program enters 318, and increases ignition gap spacing or keep identical.If not, program enters 316, and reduces ignition gap spacing or keep identical.If program from 316 and 318 or 314(skip 316 and 318) enter 320, can engine load in 320 whether lower than minimum threshold.For example, select the engine with high load capacity and/or full load, little electrode spacing operation.If so, program enters 324, and increases ignition gap spacing or keep identical.If not, program enters 322, and reduces ignition gap spacing or keep identical.
If program from 322 and 324 or 320(skip 322 and 324) enter 326, in 326, can determine that exhaust gas recirculatioon EGR leads whether on minimum threshold.For example, increase EGR leads and can reduce discharged nitrous oxides.In addition,, under high load capacity, EGR leads to be set to and reduces detonation tendency.Under high EGR leads, select larger electrode spacing, to can realize better by acceptable ignition voltage the reliable ignition of air-fuel-exhaust mixture.If so, program enters 330, and increases ignition gap spacing or keep identical.If not, program enters 328, and reduces ignition gap spacing or keep identical.
If program from 328 and 330 or 326(skip 328 and 330) enter 332, in 332, can determine that whether ignition voltage is lower than max-thresholds.If the ignition voltage of considering for reliable ignition rises to irrational high value, select the electrode spacing reducing.Higher ignition voltage can cause the increase of burning and the higher wearing and tearing of spark plug, reduces useful life thus.If so, program can enter 336 and increase ignition gap spacing or make its maintenance identical.If not, program can enter 334, and reduces ignition gap spacing or make its maintenance identical.In addition, can set the Second Threshold upper limit that can not set igniting spacing gap over it, to contribute to reduce the excessive wear of spark plug.
Claims (11)
1. for lighting the spark plug of fuel-air mixture for the cylinder of the straight spray explosive motor of implementing igniting, it is characterized in that:
Spark plug has at least one electrode pair, described electrode pair comprises two electrodes, described two electrodes are electric insulation and being spaced apart from each other relative to each other, the first electrode in described two electrodes serves as ground electrode, spacing between the first electrode described in ignition gap and the second electrode is variable, sparking path is formed in described spacing in the process of implementing igniting
Wherein:
In order to adjust the object of the spacing in described ignition gap, it is movably that at least one in described two electrodes is designed to; And
Adjust the adjusting device of described spacing.
2. spark plug according to claim 1, is characterized in that: being designed to movably described at least one electrode is described ground electrode.
3. spark plug according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is movably that two electrodes of described electrode pair are all designed to.
4. spark plug according to claim 1, is characterized in that: central electrode is provided, and described central electrode is disposed in the shell of described spark plug, and described central electrode is by insulator and described ground electrode electric insulation.
5. spark plug according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described central electrode is to be designed to movably described at least one electrode, and described ground electrode is designed to fix.
6. spark plug according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the mode that described central electrode can translation by adjusting device is shifted in shell, and described ground electrode is connected to described shell rigidly.
7. spark plug according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described adjusting device comprises at least one thermotonus formula paraffin element, its volume varies with temperature, and the change in volume of described paraffin element causes being designed to the movably movement of described at least one electrode.
8. spark plug according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described at least one thermotonus formula paraffin element is disposed in operating room, and when the increase by temperature is activated, activate shift mechanism, described shift mechanism impact is designed to the movably movement of described at least one electrode.
9. spark plug according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: when the increase by temperature is activated, owing to being designed to the movably movement of described at least one electrode, described thermotonus formula paraffin element reduces the described spacing in ignition gap.
10. spark plug according to claim 7, is characterized in that: thermotonus formula paraffin element described in can ACTIVE CONTROL.
11. spark plugs according to claim 10, is characterized in that: by heating element and/or engine controller, can ACTIVE CONTROL described in thermotonus formula paraffin element.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013201187 | 2013-01-25 | ||
| DE102013201187.3 | 2013-01-25 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203983731U true CN203983731U (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420050281.7U Expired - Fee Related CN203983731U (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-01-26 | Spark plug |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9391430B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN203983731U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019205908A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Spark plug, engine, ignition method for spark plug and ignition method for engine |
| CN111884050A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-03 | 温州陆戏智能科技有限公司 | Automatic detection and adjustment spark plug |
| CN112736650A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-04-30 | 杭州玲甫贸易有限公司 | Auxiliary device for automatically adjusting ignition gap according to power supply voltage condition |
| CN113775433A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Engine combustion system |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016201401B4 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2021-04-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Internal combustion engine with spark plug and a method for operating an internal combustion engine |
| WO2022229803A1 (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Magnetically boosted spark plug, ignition system and method |
| US11473551B1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-10-18 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Flexible ignition device for gasoline compression ignition combustion in internal combustion engines |
| US11742636B1 (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-08-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Spark plug for boosted engine |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995002266A1 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Spark plug with automatically adjustable gap |
| JPH09219275A (en) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Ignition plug |
| DE19901283C2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2001-05-03 | Danfoss As | Device for the reversible adjustment of a valve tappet |
| SE518338C2 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2002-09-24 | Saab Automobile | Ignition electrode arrangement with variable spark gap for internal combustion engines |
| SE522013C2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2004-01-07 | Saab Automobile | Method for generating ignition spark and ignition electrode arrangement in an internal combustion engine |
| US6586865B1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2003-07-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Variable gap spark plug |
| DE102006001883A1 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-26 | Ing. G. Beckmann Kg | Break contact heating device has heat sensitive constructional unit, drive mechanism and opening mechanics, with break contact heating element, break contact heating element has warmth producing element |
| DE102006037412B4 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2011-05-05 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn | Method for igniting a fuel-air mixture in a cylinder of a direct injection spark-ignited internal combustion engine and spark plug for carrying out such a method |
-
2014
- 2014-01-15 US US14/156,288 patent/US9391430B2/en active Active
- 2014-01-26 CN CN201420050281.7U patent/CN203983731U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019205908A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Spark plug, engine, ignition method for spark plug and ignition method for engine |
| CN113775433A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Engine combustion system |
| CN111884050A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-03 | 温州陆戏智能科技有限公司 | Automatic detection and adjustment spark plug |
| CN112736650A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-04-30 | 杭州玲甫贸易有限公司 | Auxiliary device for automatically adjusting ignition gap according to power supply voltage condition |
| CN112736650B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏长欣车辆装备有限公司 | Auxiliary device for automatically adjusting ignition gap according to power supply voltage condition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9391430B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
| US20140209076A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
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