CN203933024U - A kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network - Google Patents

A kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203933024U
CN203933024U CN201320838762.XU CN201320838762U CN203933024U CN 203933024 U CN203933024 U CN 203933024U CN 201320838762 U CN201320838762 U CN 201320838762U CN 203933024 U CN203933024 U CN 203933024U
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China
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capacitor
voltage
current
transmission line
transformer
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201320838762.XU
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋佰鹏
张冠军
王永华
张力淼
牛宇干
殷红德
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SHAANXI DERUISEN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
Pingdingshan Power Supply Co of State Grid Henan Electric Power Co Ltd
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SHAANXI DERUISEN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
Pingdingshan Power Supply Co of State Grid Henan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201320838762.XU priority Critical patent/CN203933024U/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network, comprise current transformer, capacitor, voltage transformer, damping circuit, damping reactance, spark gap, by-pass switch and controller; Wherein in capacitor's series access transmission line, the damping resistance being in parallel and damping reactance composition damping circuit, spark gap is in parallel with by-pass switch, spark gap, damping circuit, capacitor are in series, current transformer is connected across the electric current of measuring transmission line in transmission line, and the voltage of voltage measuring transformer transmission line is also given controller and by-pass switch power supply; Current transformer, voltage transformer send to controller by the current signal of its measurement, voltage signal respectively.The utility model can improve line end magnitude of voltage, improves line voltage distribution quality, reduce voltage flicker endangers and improves the ability to transmit electricity of circuit.

Description

A kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network
Technical field
The utility model belongs to power system reactive power compensation field, relates to a kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network.
Background technology
In China, power distribution network transmission line complexity, rack weakness, electric network composition is unreasonable, and radius of electricity supply is large, and load condition is complicated and changeable, often there will be line end voltage can not meet quality of power supply situation.Distribution transformer quantity is many; part distribution line is with many jumbo motor or change the impact load such as industrial load rapidly; and the distribution transforming in most areas and the facility of motor advanced person not; these factors will strengthen distribution reactive requirement, and the start and stop meeting of large capacity motor causes the problems such as serious voltage falls, voltage flicker.These problems have greatly affected daily life and industrial and agricultural production, also bring economic loss and bad social influence to electric power enterprise.
For long transmission line low-voltage problem, the method of taking at present mainly contains 3 kinds: (1) is at the appropriate location of circuit installing voltage regulator, the shortcoming existing is: voltage regulator itself is exactly an autotransformer, and except cost taken by themselves is high, no-load loss is also very large, is equivalent to increase considerably line loss; (2) in the line or load-side installing capacitor mend device or SVC, shortcoming is: cost is high, and the effect of improving low-voltage is very limited; (3) reproduce a new circuit, then build a new transformer station, or other compensation equipments are installed in load, obviously, have like this investment shortcoming large, long in time limit.
Series capacitor compensation technology has the line voltage distribution of improvement quality, reduces voltage flicker and endanger and improve the advantage such as ability to transmit electricity of circuit.Series capacitor compensation has following advantage: (1) adaptivity.Capacitor is to connect in the line, and along with the variation of load, the electric current that flows through capacitor changes, and therefore the compensation effect of electric capacity raising terminal voltage also can change thereupon.(2) series compensation effect is lower in power factor (PF), more obvious on the larger circuit of inductance, and the series compensation device of the lower investment of installing can bring the obvious quality of power supply to improve.(3) series compensation can improve the transmission power of circuit, strengthens the stability of system.The transmission capacity approximate representation of system is P=(U 1u 2/ X l) * sin δ, series capacitor compensation has been offset the part reactance of circuit, and now transmission power becomes P=[U 1u 2/ (X l-X c)] * sin δ, improving transmission capacity, this can bring huge economic benefit in supertension line.
Series Compensation is used in a large number in supertension line at present, good compensation effect and economic benefit are obtained, but due to reasons such as technical limitations, it is also rarely found that at present string is mended application in power distribution network at home, rare in report especially for the Electric capacity compensation device of power distribution network.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network, in order to solve power distribution network terminal voltage lower than the problem such as standard and voltage flicker.
The utility model is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
For a compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network, comprising: current transformer, capacitor, voltage transformer, damping circuit, damping reactance, spark gap, by-pass switch and controller; Wherein in capacitor's series access transmission line, the damping resistance being in parallel and damping reactance composition damping circuit, spark gap is in parallel with by-pass switch, spark gap, damping circuit, capacitor are in series, current transformer is connected across the electric current of measuring transmission line in transmission line, and the voltage of voltage measuring transformer transmission line is also given controller and by-pass switch power supply; Current transformer, voltage transformer send to controller by the current signal of its measurement, voltage signal respectively.
When described capacitor normally moves, by-pass switch disconnects, and controller obtains electric current and the voltage signal of transmission line by current transformer and voltage transformer, obtains the running status of transmission line, judges whether transmission line exists fault.
Described in the time that transmission line breaks down, electric current and its both sides voltage of flowing through capacitor change, and current signal and voltage signal are transported to controller by current transformer and voltage transformer.
In the time flowing through the electric current of capacitor and exceed 1.5 times of its specified running current; controller sends signal; controlling by-pass switch closes a floodgate capacitor bypass; realize capacitor overvoltage protection; after transmission line recovers normal power supply; the electric current that flows through capacitor recovers normal, and controller sends signal and makes by-pass switch separating brake, and capacitor puts into operation.
It is described that there is overvoltage in capacitor both sides in the time flowing through the electric current of capacitor and exceed 1.5 times of its specified running current, spark gap self breakdown, and capacitor, damping circuit and spark gap composition discharge loop, capacitor starts electric discharge.
In the time of capacitor discharge, damping circuit suppresses discharging current amplitude and frequency of oscillation, accelerates the rate of decay, capacitor for voltage protection and the spark gap of discharging current.
Described controller comprises Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, information modulate circuit, keyboard, indicator light and liquid crystal display, the voltage at the current signal that Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system sends according to current transformer and the real-time calculable capacitor of the capacitive reactance two ends of capacitor, sends reclosing command when the voltage of calculating gained voltage or voltage transformer transmission exceedes set point Time Controller to by-pass switch.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following useful technique effect:
The compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network that the utility model provides, while normally operation, by-pass switch is opened, and in capacitor's series access transmission line, controller obtains circuit running status by current transformer and voltage transformer; While breaking down, controller control by-pass switch closure, capacitor is bypassed and exits power transmission electric network, ensures that circuit normally moves.The compensator with series capaci tance that the utility model provides can improve line end magnitude of voltage, improves line voltage distribution quality, reduce voltage flicker endangers and improves the ability to transmit electricity of circuit, especially for improving distribution network electric energy quality, reducing voltage flicker harm provides effective technological means.
The series capacitor compensation method for power distribution network that the utility model provides, selects corresponding capacitance compensation according to different power distribution networks: be identified for position and the compensation capacitive reactance of the capacitor of capacitance compensation according to the distribution situation of loading in transmission line and payload; Especially to complicated radial pattern circuit, the voltage distortion amount minimum that the target function that series compensation device is distributed rationally is set as circuit, has realized rational capacitance compensation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measurement mechanism of the present utility model;
Wherein, 1 is transmission line; 2 is current transformer; 3 is capacitor; 4 is voltage transformer; 5 is damping resistance; 6 is damping reactance; 7 is spark gap; 8 is by-pass switch; 9 is controller.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail, described in be to explanation of the present utility model instead of restriction.
Because transmission line exists resistance and inductance, in the time having electric current to flow through in circuit, there is pressure drop in circuit head end and end.Adopt the circuit model of simplifying, the load of circuit is all at line end, the resistance that R is transmission line, and the induction reactance value that XC is transmission line, now line drop:
ΔU = PR + Q X L U + j PX L - QR U - - - ( 1 )
While adding series compensation device in circuit, capacitive reactances X coffset the part inductive reactance of circuit, thereby played the effect of pressure regulation, string is mended installing line drop afterwards:
ΔU SC = PR + Q ( X L - X C ) U + j P ( X L - X C ) - QR U - - - ( 2 )
The lift-off value of terminal voltage is:
Δ U ′ ′ = Q X C U + j PX C U - - - ( 3 )
Wherein, Δ U'' is the needed lifting voltage of end, the reactive power that Q is transmission line, the terminal voltage that U is transmission line, the active power that P is transmission line;
After series capacitance adds, reduce the pressure drop of circuit, improved terminal voltage.By X c/ X lvalue be defined as compensativity K=X c/ X l, line inductance and resistance ratio X lin the larger situation of/R, in order to improve terminal voltage, compensativity is generally greater than 100%, and capacitive reactances is offset the emotional resistance of circuit, and the pressure drop of compensated line resistance.
The complex circuit of radial pattern power distribution network, node is numerous, and it is particularly important that the capacity of choose reasonable series compensation device and position seem.
The method of the series capacitor compensation for power distribution network the utility model proposes, comprises following operation:
1) be identified for position and the compensation capacitive reactance of the capacitor of capacitance compensation according to the distribution situation of loading in transmission line and payload:
A) be only distributed in the transmission line of end for loading
The load of circuit is only distributed in the end (as brick field, single load user such as mine) of circuit, and string is mended location-independent with at circuit of the compensation effect of device, but is generally contained in line end, near load place.For compensation capacitive reactance X c, the voltage Δ U'' and the formula (3) that improve as required obtain.
B) transmission line being evenly distributed for load
Transmission line load distributes more even, and series compensation position is generally positioned at transmission line 1/3~1/2 scope, can lifting compensation point after terminal voltage, the voltage amount of falling of total circuit is reduced.If compensation point is positioned at line end, can not there is compensation effect to the voltage in the middle of circuit.Can obtain required compensation capacitive reactance X according to the needed lifting voltage of end Δ U'' and formula (3) c.
C) for complicated radial pattern circuit
The general load point of distribution network line is numerous, and complex structure becomes radial pattern to distribute more.In circuit, the voltage amount of falling increases along with the increase of circuit and transformer station's distance, the object of series compensation is the voltage along the line for circuit, reduce the low amount of voltage, therefore the voltage distortion rate of each node (being the low amount of voltage of each node and the ratio of rated voltage) reaches minimum, is the target of distributing series compensation device position and capacity rationally.The target function that series compensation device is distributed rationally is set as the voltage distortion amount minimum of circuit.
The voltage U at i place in the line ithe mean value φ of amount of distortion in time T (being generally 24h) ifor:
φ i = 1 T ∫ 0 T ( U i - U n U n ) 2 dt - - - ( 4 )
Wherein, U nfor the rated voltage of transmission line.
Target function is that the voltage distortion amount φ of each Nodes leads minimum, that is:
φ = Σ i = 1 m φ i = 1 T Σ i = 1 m ∫ 0 T ( U i - U n U n ) 2 dt = MIN - - - ( 5 )
Wherein, m is the total load point number of transmission line.
For simplifying circuit model, reduce operand, generally need first actual distribution network line to be simplified to processing, converge by the less load disperseing on circuit, the load of radial pattern circuit is reduced to the only some load point on transmission of electricity backbone.Can obtain position and the compensation capacitive reactance of series capacitor compensation device by solving above-mentioned formula (5), reduce the complexity of calculating.
2) determine that behind the position and compensation capacitive reactance of capacitor, assembling is for the device of the series capacitor compensation of power distribution network.
Referring to Fig. 1, the compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network that the utility model provides, comprising: current transformer 2, capacitor 3, voltage transformer 4, damping circuit 5, damping reactance 6, spark gap 7, by-pass switch 8 and controller 9; Wherein in capacitor 3 series connection access transmission lines 1, the damping resistance 5 and the damping reactance 6 that are in parallel form damping circuit, spark gap 7 is in parallel with by-pass switch 8, spark gap 7, damping circuit, capacitor 3 are in series, current transformer 2 is connected across the electric current of measuring transmission line 1 in transmission line 1, and voltage transformer 4 is measured the voltage of transmission line and powered to controller 9 and by-pass switch 8; Current transformer 2, voltage transformer 4 send to controller 9 by the current signal of its measurement, voltage signal respectively.
Concrete, this device is mainly made up of current transformer 2, capacitor 3, voltage transformer 4, damping circuit 5, damping reactance 6, spark gap 7, by-pass switch vacuum circuit-breaker 8 and controller 9.In capacitor 3 series connection access transmission lines 1, damping resistance 5 and damping reactance 6 form damping circuit, spark gap 7 is connected in parallel with by-pass switch 8 and both and damping circuit and capacitor 3 are cascaded, current transformer is connected across in circuit 1, the electric current of measurement circuitry, the voltage of voltage transformer 4 measurement circuitry also powers to controller 9 and by-pass switch 8.
When capacitor 3 normal operation (while putting into operation), by-pass switch 8 disconnects, and controller 9 obtains electric current and the voltage value signal of transmission line 1, the running status of analysis circuit by current transformer 2 and voltage transformer 4, obtain the running status of transmission line 1, judge whether circuit exists fault.
In the time that transmission line 1 breaks down, electric current and its both sides voltage of flowing through capacitor 3 change, and current signal and voltage signal are transported to controller by current transformer 2 and voltage transformer 4.
In the time flowing through the electric current of capacitor 3 and exceed 1.5 times of its specified running current; controller 9 sends signal; controlling by-pass switch 8 closes a floodgate capacitor 3 bypasses; realize capacitor overvoltage protection; recover after normal power supply until transmission line 1; the electric current that flows through capacitor 3 recovers normal, and controller 9 sends signal and makes by-pass switch 8 separating brakes, and capacitor 3 puts into operation.
In the time flowing through the electric current of capacitor 3 and exceed 1.5 times of its specified running current, there is overvoltage in capacitor 3 both sides, spark gap 7 self breakdowns, and capacitor 3, damping circuit and spark gap 7 form discharge loop, and capacitor 3 starts electric discharge.
Concrete, in the time of line failure, the electric current and the both sides voltage that flow through capacitor change, and current signal and voltage signal are transported to controller by current transformer 2 and voltage transformer 4.In the time exceeding set point; controller sends signal; control by-pass switch 8 and close a floodgate the bypass of capacitor group to realize the final overvoltage protection of capacitor group, after circuit recovers normal power supply, controller will make by-pass switch 8 separating brakes automatically, and serial compensation capacitance device is put into operation.
Described capacitor parameters is determined according to the specific requirement of engineering, should be able to meet the needs of line build-out effect.
Described spark gap, in order to capacitor for voltage protection group, is connected in parallel on the both sides of capacitor group, and in the time that overvoltage appears in capacitor both sides, spark gap punctures in order to capacitor for voltage protection, can adopt from modes such as triggering or controlled triggerings.
Described damping circuit comprises damping resistance and two parts of damping reactance, and damping circuit is in parallel with damping reactance.In the time of capacitor discharge, spark gap punctures, capacitor, damping circuit and spark gap composition discharge loop, and damping circuit suppresses discharging current amplitude and frequency of oscillation, accelerates the rate of decay of discharging current, in order to capacitor for voltage protection and spark gap.
Described by-pass switch is vacuum circuit-breaker, for long-time by-pass capacitor group and protection spark gap.When circuit need to cut off series capacitor bank, and capacitor group breaks down in situations such as needing logout, and by-pass switch closure, in order to the whole series compensation compensation arrangement of bypass, ensures that circuit normally moves.Capacitor is by short circuit and discharge electric energy, and damping circuit plays the effect of suppression capacitor short circuit current.
Described current transformer, in order to current measurement, obtains the real-time magnitude of current of circuit, feeds back to controller, and the real-time monitoring circuit electric current of controller, judges circuit running status.Described voltage transformer provides working power for controller, and for by-pass switch vacuum circuit-breaker provides operating power, and thering is voltage measurement function, conveying circuit voltage parameter is to controller.
Described controller comprises the modules such as Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, information modulate circuit, keyboard, indicator light and liquid crystal display.Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can, according to the voltage at loop current and the real-time calculable capacitor of capacitive reactance two ends, be sent breaker closing instruction, effectively capacitor for voltage protection and spark gap in the time that the voltage of calculating gained voltage or voltage transformer transmission exceedes set point.
The compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network that the utility model provides, the ability to transmit electricity that can improve line end magnitude of voltage, improve line voltage distribution quality, reduction voltage flicker endangers and improve circuit, especially for improving distribution network electric energy quality, reducing voltage flicker harm provides effective technological means.

Claims (7)

1. the compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network, it is characterized in that, comprising: current transformer (2), capacitor (3), voltage transformer (4), damping circuit (5), damping reactance (6), spark gap (7), by-pass switch (8) and controller (9); Wherein in capacitor (3) series connection access transmission line (1), the damping resistance (5) being in parallel and damping reactance (6) composition damping circuit, spark gap (7) is in parallel with by-pass switch (8), spark gap (7), damping circuit, capacitor (3) are in series, current transformer (2) is connected across the electric current of measuring transmission line (1) in transmission line (1), and voltage transformer (4) is measured the voltage of transmission line also to controller (9) and by-pass switch (8) power supply; Current transformer (2), voltage transformer (4) send to the current signal of its measurement, voltage signal respectively controller (9).
2. the device of the series capacitor compensation for power distribution network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when capacitor (3) normally moves, by-pass switch (8) disconnects, controller (9) obtains electric current and the voltage signal of transmission line (1) by current transformer (2) and voltage transformer (4), obtain the running status of transmission line (1), judge whether transmission line (1) exists fault.
3. the device of the series capacitor compensation for power distribution network as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the time that transmission line (1) breaks down, electric current and its both sides voltage of flowing through capacitor (3) change, and current signal and voltage signal are transported to controller by current transformer (2) and voltage transformer (4).
4. the device of a kind of series capacitor compensation for power distribution network as claimed in claim 2; it is characterized in that; in the time flowing through the electric current of capacitor (3) and exceed 1.5 times of its specified running current; controller (9) sends signal; controlling by-pass switch (8) closes a floodgate capacitor (3) bypass; realize capacitor overvoltage protection; after transmission line (1) recovers normal power supply; the electric current that flows through capacitor (3) recovers normal; controller (9) sends signal and makes by-pass switch (8) separating brake, and capacitor (3) puts into operation.
5. the device of a kind of series capacitor compensation for power distribution network as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the time flowing through the electric current of capacitor (3) and exceed 1.5 times of its specified running current, there is overvoltage in capacitor (3) both sides, spark gap (7) self breakdown, capacitor (3), damping circuit and spark gap (7) composition discharge loop, capacitor (3) starts electric discharge.
6. the device of the series capacitor compensation for power distribution network as claimed in claim 5; it is characterized in that, in the time that capacitor (3) discharges, damping circuit suppresses discharging current amplitude and frequency of oscillation; accelerate the rate of decay, capacitor for voltage protection (3) and the spark gap (7) of discharging current.
7. the device of the series capacitor compensation for power distribution network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described controller (9) comprises Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, information modulate circuit, keyboard, indicator light and liquid crystal display, the voltage at the current signal that Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system sends according to current transformer (2) and the real-time calculable capacitor of capacitive reactance (3) two ends of capacitor (3), sends reclosing command when the voltage of calculating gained voltage or voltage transformer (4) transmission exceedes set point Time Controller (9) to by-pass switch (8).
CN201320838762.XU 2013-12-18 2013-12-18 A kind of compensator with series capaci tance for power distribution network Expired - Fee Related CN203933024U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103746385A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-23 国网河南省电力公司平顶山供电公司 Series-connected capacitor compensation device and method used for power distribution network
CN105244895A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-01-13 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Series compensation position determining method
CN106911134A (en) * 2017-04-24 2017-06-30 许继集团有限公司 A kind of method and system for stabilizing distribution network load busbar voltage fluctuation

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103746385A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-23 国网河南省电力公司平顶山供电公司 Series-connected capacitor compensation device and method used for power distribution network
CN105244895A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-01-13 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Series compensation position determining method
CN105244895B (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-10-20 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of series compensation location determining method
CN106911134A (en) * 2017-04-24 2017-06-30 许继集团有限公司 A kind of method and system for stabilizing distribution network load busbar voltage fluctuation
CN106911134B (en) * 2017-04-24 2020-02-21 许继集团有限公司 Method and system for stabilizing voltage fluctuation of load bus of power distribution network

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Granted publication date: 20141105

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