CN203932845U - The small-sized laying apparatu of power cable - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a small-sized power cable laying device, which comprises a conveying trough and a traction frame detachably connected to the front end of the conveying trough. The front end of the traction frame is equipped with a traction mechanism that can be connected to the end of the cable; a transport frame that can slide along the width direction of the transport trough is installed in the transport trough. There is a spacing adjustment mechanism used to adjust the distance between the two racks. The outer circumference of the two conveyor racks is surrounded by a rubber chain, and the two rubber chains cooperate to clamp the cable between the two conveyor racks. The transmission of the two rubber chains The directions are the same and are synchronously driven by the conveying power mechanism installed in the conveying trough. The utility model can complete cable traction and conveying operations in a narrow space, has a stable and reliable overall structure, is convenient to operate, and can reduce the workload of cable laying and manpower input.

Description

Small power cable laying device

technical field

The utility model relates to a small-sized power cable laying device.

Background technique

In the construction of power cable laying, often due to the limitation of laying path size and space structure factors, great mechanical stress is encountered in the traction and transportation of power cables. Usually, large tractors and conveyors are used to overcome these stresses. However, in many construction sites, due to space constraints, large construction machinery cannot be used normally, so that the staff can only temporarily remove the infrastructure that affects the laying of power cables, and even use purely manual cable laying. Many people carry out cable pulling, which makes the workload and cost of cable laying increase sharply. Especially under the background of widespread popularization and application of compact large-capacity high-pressure inflatable tanks, the above-mentioned problems appear more prominently.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a small power cable laying device, which can complete cable traction and conveying operations in a narrow space, and has a stable and reliable overall structure, convenient operation, and can reduce the workload of cable laying and manpower input. .

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the structural feature of the small power cable laying device of the utility model is that it includes a conveying trough and a traction frame detachably connected to the front end of the conveying trough, and both ends of the conveying trough in the length direction are open and A passage for cables to pass through is formed in the groove, and a traction mechanism that can be connected to the end of the cable is installed on the front end of the traction frame; a conveying frame that can slide along the width direction of the conveying groove is installed in the conveying groove, and the distance between There are two spacing adjustment mechanisms connected between the two conveyor frames to adjust the distance between the two conveyor frames. The outer circumference of the two conveyor frames is surrounded by a rubber chain, and the two rubber chains cooperate to clamp the cable between the two conveyor frames. , the conveying directions of the two rubber chains are the same and are synchronously driven by the conveying power mechanism installed in the conveying trough.

With the above structure, the traction frame is used to pull the cable to the construction area of the cable well of the high-voltage inflatable cabinet, and the conveying trough can carry out cable transportation in the cable well, and in the channel formed by the conveying trough for the cable to pass through, two rubber chains are used to The cable is clamped, and then the transmission of the cable can be completed by synchronously driving the two rubber chains to rotate. The clamping force between the rubber chain and the cable can be adjusted by using the spacing adjustment mechanism, which can ensure the firm clamping of the cable without If the cable is crushed, the entire conveying structure is simple, and the conveying is stable and reliable; due to the elasticity of the rubber chain, it can effectively prevent the cable from being pinched; Easy to carry and flexible to use. The utility model improves the standardized operation level, the whole device is small in size and can be operated in a narrow space, avoiding building demolition work, and at the same time, the device has a simple structure, saves time and effort in operation, and can be completed by only 1-2 people The pulling and conveying operation of the cable greatly reduces the manpower input.

The traction frame includes a traction plate vertically arranged at the front end and a plurality of legs connected to the rear of the traction plate. The front ends of the legs are fixedly connected to the traction plate, and the rear ends of the legs are connected to the conveying trough through bolts or pins. Utilizing the structure of the traction plate and multiple legs, the traction mechanism can be installed on the traction plate, and each leg can adopt the form of triangular support at the rear, so that the traction mechanism can borrow force conveniently and the overall structure is more stable.

The traction mechanism includes a traction roller rotatably mounted on the front end of the traction frame and a traction rope wound on the traction roller. The free end of the traction rope is equipped with a hook that can be connected to the end of the cable. In the cable pulling operation, the end of the cable will be covered with a wire mesh sleeve, and the hook can be hung on the wire mesh sleeve to drive the traction roller to rotate, drive the traction rope to winch, and complete the pulling of the cable. The traction roller and the traction rope are used as the traction mechanism, and the structure is simple and the driving is convenient.

A secondary traction gear is installed on the roller shaft of the traction roller, and a primary traction gear which meshes with the secondary traction gear and can be driven by a power machine or a hand crank is installed on the traction frame. Two-stage gears are used to drive the traction roller to rotate. By changing the transmission ratio of the gears, the operation is more labor-saving during traction. According to the construction situation on site, manual traction can be carried out by manual crank or automatic traction by power machine.

A height-adjustable cable support rod is respectively installed at the openings at both ends of the conveying trough in the length direction, and the middle part of the cable support rod is rotatably fitted with a pad cover. The cable support bar can make the height of the cable always be in the middle of the rubber chain to ensure firm clamping. The height of the support bar can be adjusted to suit different types of cables or different installation heights of the rubber chain. The cushion cover adopts the structure of rotating installation, and the cylindrical surface of the cushion cover and the cable are in a rolling fit, which can effectively reduce the friction force on the cable, make the transmission smoother, and avoid abrasion on the cable surface.

At least two sliding shafts are installed between the two side walls in the width direction of the conveying trough, and the conveying frame is slidably installed on the sliding shafts. The conveyor frame adopts a sliding shaft-type sliding installation structure, and the conveyor frame is provided with a sliding hole matched with the sliding shaft.

The distance adjustment mechanism includes a clamping screw rod that is rotatably connected between the two side walls in the width direction of the conveying trough and two threaded sleeves that are screwed on the clamping screw rod. The threads of the threaded section have opposite directions of rotation, and the two threaded sleeves are respectively connected with the two conveying frames. In this structure, the clamping screw rod has two threaded sections with opposite rotation directions. When the clamping screw rod rotates, the distance between the two threaded sleeves changes, thereby driving the distance between the two conveying racks to change. The clamping screw can be driven by a manual crank. Since the fit between the threaded sleeve and the screw is rigid, when adjusting the distance, in order to prevent the cable from being crushed due to excessive force, preferably, one of the threaded sleeves is fixedly installed on the A compression spring is connected between the other threaded sleeve and the corresponding conveying frame on the corresponding conveying frame. By adopting this structure, when the two conveying racks are drawn closer, the elastic buffering effect of the compression spring can be used to avoid excessive force on the cable, thereby effectively protecting the cable.

The conveying power mechanism includes an active driving mechanism installed on the conveying trough and two sets of power receiving mechanisms respectively installed on two conveying frames. The power receiving mechanism includes a driving sprocket for installing a rubber chain, a driven sprocket and a Rotate the driven gear installed on the conveyor frame and dynamically connected with the wheel shaft of the driving sprocket through the bevel gear. The shaft is equipped with a driving gear, the driving gear meshes with the driven gear and the two gears slide and cooperate along the axial direction of the driving power shaft. In this structure, driving the main power shaft to rotate drives the driving gear to rotate, the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate, and the driven gear uses the bevel gear to drive the driving sprocket to rotate, thereby driving the rubber chain to rotate. Since the two sets of power receiving mechanisms will follow the conveyor frame to move along the width direction of the conveying trough, the width direction of the conveying trough is the axial direction of the main drive shaft, therefore, when the driving gear and the driven gear are meshed, they can also move along the direction of the conveying trough. The relative sliding occurs in the axial direction of the main drive shaft. In this set of power mechanism, the sliding gear meshing structure is used to ingeniously cooperate with the movement of the two conveying frames, so as to realize the clamping and synchronous operation of the two rubber chains. The structure is simple and the transmission is stable and reliable.

A secondary driving power gear is installed on the driving power shaft, and a primary driving power gear meshing with the secondary driving power gear and driven by a power machine or a manual crank is installed on the conveying trough. In this structure, a two-stage gear transmission structure is adopted, and by changing the transmission ratio of the gears, it can save more labor when driving the main power shaft to rotate.

To sum up, the utility model can complete the cable traction and conveying operations in a narrow space, the overall structure is stable and reliable, the operation is convenient, and the workload of cable laying and manpower input can be reduced.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail:

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of another angle of the utility model shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the bottom view of conveying trough in the utility model shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the cooperation structure of the dotted line circle A internal thread sleeve and the clamping screw rod in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the cooperation structure of the dotted line circle B internal thread sleeve and the clamping screw rod in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is the left view of Fig. 3;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the installation structure of the support rod inside the dotted circle C in FIG. 6 .

Detailed ways

Referring to the accompanying drawings, one embodiment of the small-sized power cable laying device of the present invention includes a conveying trough 1 and a traction frame 2 detachably connected to the front end of the conveying trough 1, and both ends of the conveying trough 1 in the length direction are open. A channel for cables to pass through is formed in the delivery trough 1, and the front end of the traction frame 2 is equipped with a traction mechanism that can be connected to the end of the cable.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the draw frame 2 includes a draw plate 21 vertically arranged at the front end and a plurality of legs 22 connected to the rear of the draw plate 21. The front ends of the legs 22 are affixed to the draw plate 21, and the rear ends of the legs 22 pass through Bolts or pins are connected with the conveying trough 1. Utilizing the structure of the traction plate 21 and a plurality of legs 22, the traction mechanism can be installed on the traction plate 21, and each leg 22 can adopt the form of triangular support at the rear, and the structure is stable and the support is firm. Wherein, the traction mechanism includes a traction roller 5 rotatably mounted on the front end of the traction frame 2 and a traction rope 6 wound on the traction roller 5. The free end of the traction rope 6 is equipped with a hook 7 which can be connected with the cable end. In the cable traction operation, the end of the cable will be covered with a wire mesh sleeve, which is commonly known as a snake leather sleeve. The hook can be hung on the front end of the wire mesh sleeve. Driving the traction roller to rotate can drive the traction rope to winch, thus completing the cable. traction. For the driving of the traction roller 5, manual driving can be adopted, and if the construction environment allows, power machines such as motors can also be used to drive. At the same time, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in order to save effort in operation, a secondary traction gear 8 is installed on the roller shaft of the traction roller 5, and a secondary traction gear 8 is installed on the traction frame 2 and can be cranked by a power machine or manually. Put the first-stage traction gear 9 of the drive. Two-stage gears are used to drive the traction roller to rotate. The first-stage traction gear 9 adopts a small gear, and the second-stage traction gear 8 adopts a large gear. By changing the transmission ratio of the two gears, the operation is more labor-saving during traction. According to the construction situation on site, it can be used Use the hand crank for manual traction or use the power machine for automatic traction.

It can be seen from the figure that the conveying trough 1 adopts a frame structure, and its two sides are sealed with thin-walled plates to form two side walls of the conveying trough 1 . A conveying frame 3 that can slide along the width direction of the conveying trough 1 is installed in the conveying trough 1. At least two sliding shafts 12 are installed between the two side walls of the conveying trough 1 width direction, and the conveying frame 3 is slidably mounted on the sliding shafts 12. The conveyor frame adopts a sliding shaft-type sliding installation structure, and the conveyor frame is provided with a sliding hole matched with the sliding shaft. Two of the above-mentioned delivery frames 3 are arranged at intervals and a spacing adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between them is connected between the two delivery frames 3. The outer peripheries of the two delivery frames 3 are respectively surrounded by a rubber chain 4 and the two rubber chains 4 can cooperate to The cables are clamped between the two conveying frames 3, and the conveying directions of the two rubber chains 4 are the same and driven synchronously by the conveying power mechanism installed in the conveying trough 1.

In the above structure, the traction frame 2 is used to pull the cable to the construction area of the cable well of the high-voltage inflatable cabinet, and the conveying trough 1 can carry out cable transportation in the cable well, and in the channel formed by the conveying trough 1, two rubber chains 4 are used to transport the cable Clamping, and then synchronously drive the two rubber chains 4 to rotate to complete the cable conveying operation. The clamping force between the rubber chain 4 and the cable can be adjusted by using the spacing adjustment mechanism, which can ensure that the cable is firmly clamped and will not If the cable is crushed, the entire conveying structure is simple, and the conveying is stable and reliable; due to the elasticity of the rubber chain 4, it can effectively prevent the cable from being pinched; Also detachable, easy to carry and flexible to use. The utility model improves the standardized operation level, the whole device is small in size and can be operated in a narrow space, avoiding building demolition work, and at the same time, the device has a simple structure, saves time and effort in operation, and can be completed by only 1-2 people The pulling and conveying operation of the cable greatly reduces the manpower input.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, a height-adjustable cable support bar 10 is respectively installed at both ends of the conveying trough 1 in the lengthwise direction, and the middle part of the cable support bar 10 is provided with a pad cover 11 for rotation. The cable support bar 10 can make the height of the cable always be in the middle of the rubber chain 4 to ensure firm clamping. The height of the cable support bar 10 is adjustable to adapt to different installation heights of cables of different types or rubber chains. Cushion 11 adopts the structure of rotatable installation, and the cylindrical surface of cushion 11 and the cable are in rolling fit, which can effectively reduce the friction force on the cable, make the transmission more smooth, and avoid abrasion on the surface of the cable.

For the installation of the cable support bar 10, it can adopt various mechanisms that can slide vertically and can be positioned. In the present utility model, preferably, as shown in FIG. The two sides are respectively provided with a chute 100 that is open to the side and extends vertically. The end of the cable support rod 10 is slidably installed in the chute 100 . The end is provided with a threaded through hole that cooperates with the height adjusting bolt 101 , and turning the height adjusting bolt 101 can drive the end of the cable support rod 10 to move up or down, so that the height of the cable support rod 10 can be adjusted.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, for the spacing adjustment mechanism, it is used to adjust and position the distance between the two conveying racks to match cables of different thicknesses, so that the two conveying racks can clamp the cables without damaging the internal structure of the cables. Its specific structure can be adopted to slide and install a limit baffle on the slide shaft or set a conveying frame driving positioning mechanism in the conveying trough, etc. Preferably in the utility model, the spacing adjustment mechanism includes a clamping screw 13 that is rotatably connected between the two side walls in the width direction of the conveying trough 1 and two threaded sleeves 14 that are screwed on the clamping screw 13. The threads of the threaded sections on the screw rod 13 that cooperate with the two threaded sleeves 14 have opposite helical directions, and the two threaded sleeves 14 are respectively connected with the two conveying frames 3 . In this structure, the clamping screw 13 has two thread sections with opposite directions of rotation. When the clamping screw 13 rotates, the distance between the two threaded sleeves 14 changes, thereby driving the distance between the two conveying racks 3 to change. The clamping screw 13 can be driven by a manual crank. Since the fit between the threaded sleeve 14 and the clamping screw 13 is a rigid fit, when the distance is adjusted, in order to avoid the cable from being crushed due to excessive force, it is preferred, as shown in the figure 4 and 5, one of the threaded sleeves 14 is fixedly mounted on the corresponding delivery frame, and a compression spring 15 is connected between the other threaded sleeve and the corresponding delivery frame 3. The threaded sleeve 14 in FIG. 4 is directly fixed on the conveying frame 3 by bolts. In Fig. 5, the compression spring 15 is sleeved on the outside of the clamping screw 13, and the threaded sleeve 14 is provided with a sinking groove 140, one end of the compression spring 15 is installed in the sinking groove 140, and the other end is connected to the conveying frame 3 . When the two conveyor racks 3 are pulled closer, the cable is clamped, and the compression spring 15 is compressed. Using the elastic recovery force of the spring and the elasticity of the rubber chain, the cable is prevented from being excessively squeezed and its internal structure is damaged, thereby effectively protecting the cable. . In addition, in Fig. 5, the other end of the compression spring 15 may not be connected with the conveying frame 3, when adjusting the distance between the two conveying frames 3, there is no gap between the threaded sleeve 14 with the compression spring 10 and the clamping screw 13. When relative rotation occurs, when the conveyor frame 3 is about to clamp the cable, the compression spring 15 is in contact with the conveyor frame 3 and deformed. At this time, the threaded sleeve 14 and the compression spring 15 play the role of elastic limit, and the adjustment with the compression spring 15 The position of the threaded sleeve 14 on the clamping screw rod 13 is suitable for clamping cables with different thicknesses or adjusting the clamping force.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the conveying power mechanism includes an active driving mechanism installed on the conveying trough 1 and two sets of power receiving mechanisms respectively installed on the two conveying frames 3, and the power receiving mechanism includes a driving sprocket 16 for installing the rubber chain 4 , the driven sprocket 17 and the driven gear 18 that is installed on the conveyor frame 1 and is connected to the axle power of the driving sprocket 16 through the bevel gear 23, as shown in the figure, the bevel gear 23 is two meshing, one of which is One is installed coaxially with driving sprocket 16, and the other is installed coaxially with driven gear 18. The driving drive mechanism comprises a driving drive shaft 19 that is rotatably installed between the two side walls of the delivery trough 1 in the width direction. The driving gear 20 is coaxially installed on the driving drive shaft 19. The driving gear 20 meshes with the driven gear 18 and the two The gear is slidingly fitted along the axial direction of the main drive shaft 19 . In this structure, driving the driving shaft 19 to rotate drives the driving gear 20 to rotate, the driving gear 20 drives the driven gear 18 to rotate, and the driven gear 18 uses the bevel gear 23 to drive the driving sprocket 16 to rotate, thereby driving the rubber chain 4 to rotate. Since the two sets of power receiving mechanisms will follow the conveying frame 3 to move along the width direction of the conveying trough 1, the width direction of the conveying trough 1 is the axial direction of the main drive shaft 19, therefore, the driving gear 20 and the driven gear 18 are meshed at the same time , the two can also slide relative to each other along the axial direction of the main power shaft 19, that is, as shown in the figure, the driving gear 20 is a long strip extending along the axial direction of the main power shaft 19. In addition, the driving gear 20 and the driven Gear 18 all adopts spur gear. In this set of power mechanism, the sliding gear meshing structure is used to ingeniously cooperate with the movement of the two conveying frames 3 , thereby realizing clamping and synchronous operation of the two rubber chains 4 .

With reference to accompanying drawing, the rubber chain 4 that the utility model uses is to adopt the structure that rubber cushion type is set outside the chain, and rubber chain is wound on driving sprocket 16 and driven sprocket 17, and driving sprocket 16 is directly connected with above-mentioned conveying power mechanism. Driven, the driven sprocket 17 rotates under the transmission of the rubber chain 4, wherein the driven sprocket 17 is also a tensioner, and its axle is tightened by the tensioning bolt 171, so that the tightness of the rubber chain 4 can be adjusted , this kind of tension adjustment structure is the prior art, and will not be repeated here. Simultaneously, in order to ensure clamping, as shown in Figure 1, a plurality of supporting sprockets 26 are respectively installed on the inner sides of the two conveying frames 3.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to save effort in operation, a secondary driving power gear 21 is installed on the main power shaft 19, and a primary driving power gear 21 meshing with the secondary driving power gear 21 and which can be driven by a power machine or a manual crank is installed on the conveying tank 1. gear 22. This structure is similar to the driving structure of the aforementioned traction roller, and adopts the structure of two-stage gear transmission. By changing the transmission ratio of the two-stage gear, it can save more labor when driving the main drive shaft 19 to rotate. Wherein, as shown in the figure, the primary power gear is installed on the auxiliary power shaft 24, and the auxiliary power shaft 24 and the main power shaft 19 are also rotatably installed between the two side walls in the width direction of the delivery tank 1, and the auxiliary power shaft 24 One of the ends is a power joint that can be connected with the power mechanism, and the power structure can adopt the structure of the square head 25 shown in the figure, and the square head 25 can be connected with the hand crank or the power machine by using a square sleeve. Similarly, as shown in the figure, one end of the gear shaft of the aforementioned clamping screw mandrel 13 and the primary traction gear 9 can also be a square head 25 type power joint structure, so as to facilitate connection with a hand crank or a power machine. In addition, the power joint structures of the above three square head 25 types can adopt the same specification, so that a set of hand cranks can be shared.

To sum up, the utility model is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make several changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model. The protection scope of the utility model should be based on the claims of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A small power cable laying device, which is characterized in that it includes a conveying trough (1) and a traction frame (2) detachably connected to the front end of the conveying trough (1), and the two ends of the conveying trough (1) in the length direction Both are open and form a channel for cables to pass through in the conveying trough (1). The front end of the traction frame (2) is equipped with a traction mechanism that can be connected to the end of the cable; the conveying trough (1) is installed with The conveying frame (3) that can slide along the width direction of the conveying trough (1), the above-mentioned conveying frame (3) is provided with two intervals and the distance adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between the two conveying frames (3) is connected, Two rubber chains (4) surround the outer circumference of the two conveyor frames (3), and the two rubber chains (4) cooperate to clamp the cable between the two conveyor frames (3), and the two rubber chains (4) have the same conveying direction And it is synchronously driven by the conveying power mechanism installed in the conveying trough (1). 2. The small-sized power cable laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction frame (2) includes a traction plate (21) arranged vertically at the front end and a plurality of branches connected to the rear of the traction plate (21). Leg (22), the front end of support leg (22) is fixedly connected with traction plate (21), and the rear end of support leg (22) is connected with delivery trough (1) by bolt or bearing pin. 3. The small power cable laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction mechanism includes a traction roller (5) rotatably mounted on the front end of the traction frame (2) and a traction rope wound on the traction roller (5) (6), the free end of the traction rope (6) is equipped with a hook (7) that can be connected with the end of the cable. 4. The small-sized power cable laying device according to claim 3, characterized in that a secondary traction gear (8) is installed on the roller shaft of the traction roller (5), and the traction frame (2) is equipped with the above-mentioned two gears. The first-stage traction gear (9) is meshed with the first-stage traction gear (8) and can be driven by a power machine or a hand crank. 5. The small-sized power cable laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that a height-adjustable cable support rod (10) is installed at the openings at both ends of the conveying trough (1) in the length direction, The middle part of the cable support rod (10) is provided with a pad cover (11) for rotating the sleeve. 6. The small power cable laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two sliding shafts (12) are installed between the two side walls in the width direction of the conveying trough (1), and the conveying frame (3 ) is slidingly installed on the sliding shaft (12). 7. The small power cable laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance adjustment mechanism includes a clamping screw (13) and a screw that are rotatably connected between the two side walls of the conveying trough (1) in the width direction. The two threaded sleeves (14) installed on the clamping screw rod (13), the screw threads of the threaded sections matched with the two threaded sleeves (14) on the clamping screw rod (13) have the opposite direction of rotation, and the two threaded sleeves (14) Connect with two conveying racks (3) respectively. 8. The small power cable laying device according to claim 7, characterized in that one of the threaded sleeves (14) is fixedly installed on the corresponding conveying frame, and between the other threaded sleeve and the corresponding conveying frame (3) A compression spring (15) is connected. 9. The small power cable laying device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the conveying power mechanism includes an active drive mechanism installed on the conveying trough (1) and two conveying frames respectively installed (3) Two sets of power receiving mechanisms, the power receiving mechanism includes the driving sprocket (16) for installing the rubber chain (4), the driven sprocket (17) and the rotating installation on the conveyor frame (1) and through The bevel gear (23) is a driven gear (18) that is dynamically connected to the axle of the drive sprocket (16). ), the driving gear (20) is coaxially installed on the driving shaft (19), the driving gear (20) meshes with the driven gear (18) and the two gears slide and fit along the axial direction of the driving shaft (19). 10. The small-sized power cable laying device according to claim 9, characterized in that a secondary driving gear (21) is installed on the driving shaft (19), and a secondary driving gear (21) is installed on the conveying trough (1). The main power gear (21) is meshed and can be driven by a power machine or a hand crank (22).