CN203896111U - Permanent magnetism motor with high magnetic-field adjusting capability - Google Patents
Permanent magnetism motor with high magnetic-field adjusting capability Download PDFInfo
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- CN203896111U CN203896111U CN201420209835.3U CN201420209835U CN203896111U CN 203896111 U CN203896111 U CN 203896111U CN 201420209835 U CN201420209835 U CN 201420209835U CN 203896111 U CN203896111 U CN 203896111U
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Abstract
Provided is a permanent magnetism motor with a high magnetic-field adjusting capability, belonging to a permanent magnetism motor field. The permanent magnetism motor comprises a permanent magnetism motor stator, a rotor, a main shaft, a rotation bearing, a casing, end covers on two sides and a base. The rotor and the stator rotate relatively through the rotation bearing; a straight line bearing is arranged between an external part of the casing and the base; the end covers are arranged on two sides of the casing. The main shaft is fixed on the end covers on two sides through the rotation bearing. An end cover on one side is provided with an auxiliary moving mechanism; the main shaft and the rotation bearing are relatively static along an axial direction. The casing and the end covers possess a certain moving scope along the axial direction through the straight line bearing. The auxiliary moving mechanism controls a moving scope, allowing a stator center line and a rotor center line to offset, changing coupling between a stator main body and the rotor and changing air gap effective permanent magnetism magnetic flux of a permanent magnetism motor. According to the utility model, the permanent magnetism motor can control accurately, is convenient to connect and use both as an electromotor and a generator, and has high work efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The utility model provides a kind of lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto, belongs to magneto field.
Background technology
Magneto is with respect to electro-magnetic motor, and owing to adopting, permanent magnet excitation has efficiently, high torque density and High Power Factor, have significant application value, but the permanent magnetic field of magneto is difficult to adjusting and has limited its range of application.For example, as a kind of permanent magnet brushless electromotor of magneto, at electric automobile, drive in application, although there is efficient, high torque density feature, met efficient, the low volume weight requirement of electric automobile to drive system, but owing to being difficult to regulate permanent magnetic field, be difficult to meet the driving requirement that electric automobile low speed high torque has high-speed cruising ability simultaneously, have influence on this kind of motor in the extensive use in the fields such as electric automobile; Equally as two magneto alternator of magneto, owing to can not regulating permanent magnetic field, there is very high generator inherent voltage regulation, only have the mode by rectification and inversion to realize the requirement of normal generator voltage regulation, cost and volume weight that this has increased generator system, also reduced its operational reliability.
Therefore, how to regulate the magnetic field of magneto, the adjustable magnetic ability that how to improve magneto is the emphasis of its research and development always.In sine wave permanent magnet brushless motor, by motor stator three-phase symmetrical electric current process d, q becomes friendship, direct-axis current, by regulating the size of direct-axis current to regulate the size in air gap permanent magnet magnetic field, if motor has high salient pole rate and high d-axis inductance, there is the ability that regulates relatively preferably air gap permanent magnet magnetic field, but high d-axis inductance and high salient pole rate itself are exactly contradiction, the rare-earth permanent magnet itself that simultaneously permanent magnet particularly generally adopts is at present magnetic conduction and have high coercive force not, the motor gas-gap magnetic field that changes permanent magnet generation is very difficult, need great armature d-axis demagnetizing current, this is difficult to realize in practice, and direct-axis current itself is reactive current, the increase of direct-axis current, reduced the power factor of electric system, increased the capacity of system, in square wave permanent magnetic brushless electric machine, by each phase winding of shorting advance, also can regulate the air gap permanent magnet magnetic field flux of motor, but can produce very large motor oscillating, have influence on the performance of motor, and in permanent magnet brush motor, air gap permanent magnet magnetic field cannot regulate at all.
Can find out, the permanent magnetic field of current variant type magneto, or can not regulate, or regulating difficulty, adjustable magnetic amplitude is little, simultaneously motor performance variation after adjustable magnetic.
Chinese patent application CN03805520.1 discloses a kind of brushless permanent magnet motor with fixed radial air gap, by reducing effective magnetic pole intensity, it is moved with the rotating speed far above normal maximal rate.Between p-m rotor and constant velocity bearing, the increase of axially displaced amount should reduce the corresponding increase of rotating speed and torque phase.P-m rotor axial dipole field, so that axially displaced between rotor magnetic pole and stator to be provided, reduces to offer effective magnetic pole intensity or the magnetic flux of stator.Integral constant speed linear bearing is for connecting the motor rotary shaft of movable rotor and fixed position.The magnetic force that thrust bearing drives magnet rotor opposing to attract is mutually offset to stator.Utilize constant speed linear bearing to make motor rotary shaft when rotor-position is offset, support bearing radially, position coder, cooling fan, and output coupling remains on fixed position.First this mandate patent of invention is by moving axially rotor, to reach the object of the dislocation of rotor center line, rotor rotation itself, and then move axially, this brings very large difficulty to the work of motor, manufacture; Secondly, this mandate patent of invention does not provide the method for designing of motor itself.
Utility model content
According to above deficiency of the prior art, problem to be solved in the utility model is: provide a kind of control accurate, connect easy to use, by mechanical method, magneto stator and rotor longitudinal center line is offset, reduce the magnetic coupling between stator and rotor, thereby indirectly reduce the effective permanent magnet flux of air gap of motor, reach the lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto of the object that regulates permanent magnetic field.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: a kind of lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto, the stator, rotor, main shaft, swivel bearing, casing, both sides end cap and the basis that comprise magneto, rotor relatively rotates by swivel bearing and stator, it is characterized in that: between casing outside and basis, linear bearing is set, end cap is fixedly installed on casing both sides, main shaft is fixed on two side ends by swivel bearing and covers, end cap central authorities arrange tubular slideway, swivel bearing is arranged on slideway, and the end cap of a side contrary to main shaft arranges auxiliary moving mechanism.
Main shaft is relative static vertically with swivel bearing, casing and end cap have certain moving range vertically by linear bearing, auxiliary moving mechanism controls moving range, stator center line and rotor centerline are offset, change the coupling between stator body and rotor, change the effective permanent magnet flux of air gap of magneto.
As magneto, in stator and rotor, one permanent magnet formation p-m rotor or permanent-magnet stator are installed, another just becomes armature, and armature comprises armature winding and armature core.P-m rotor (or permanent-magnet stator) is identical with common magneto, and same armature is also identical with common magneto.When p-m rotor (or permanent-magnet stator) aligns with armature center line, permanent magnetic field and armature are coupled completely, the permanent magnetism air-gap flux of motor is maximum, when both center lines depart from, the effective permanent magnet flux of air gap of motor reduces, when permanent-magnet stator (or p-m rotor) is not axially having when overlapping with armature, the effective permanent magnetism air gap of the air gap magnetic in armature, with reaching minimum, approximates 0.By auxiliary moving mechanism make casing together with end cap with respect to main axle moving, can make the effective permanent magnet flux amplitude of variation of air gap of motor very large, met the adjustable magnetic requirement of variant magneto.It is flexible that main shaft is connected and fixed mode, is not subject to applying working condition and load effect.
This method can be that rotor maintains static vertically, and stator is offset by linear bearing vertically, realizes magnetic-coupled adjustment between stator and rotor; Can be outer-rotor structure, outside, stator be in inside for rotor, to outer-rotor structure motor, can be equally that rotor axial position is motionless and stator moves along axis, can be also stator shaft orientation position difference and rotor moves vertically.
Wherein preferred version is:
Fixing p-m rotor on described main shaft, the inner fixed stator of casing.
The described outside end cap arranged outside of casing tooth bar, auxiliary moving mechanism comprises control motor, gear, gear is fixed on the output shaft of controlling motor, wheel and rack engagement.Control motor and rotarily drive gear, wheel and rack transmission, moves horizontally casing, realizes stator center line and rotor centerline and is offset.Main shaft, as output, does not produce horizontal displacement, connection load is set simple, easy for installation, and transmission efficiency is high.
Fixed stator on described main shaft, the inner fixedly p-m rotor of casing.
The described outside end cap arranged outside of casing annular gear ring, auxiliary moving mechanism comprises control motor, gear, and gear is fixed on the output shaft of controlling motor, and gear and annular gear ring engagement, realize and moving axially during annular gear ring rotation.Gear drive is moved end cap vertically, is applicable to outer-rotor structure.
The moving range of described tubular slideway refers to the offset distance that overlaps stator and rotor centerline stator and rotor edge depart from completely.
The moving range of described tubular slideway is 0~(stator thickness+rotor thickness)/2.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that this lofty tone magnetic force magneto has is: by regulating permanent magnet motor stator or rotor axial position, realize departing from of stator and rotor axial center line, thereby realize the magnetic coupling adjustment between rotor, indirectly realized the adjusting of the effective permanent magnet flux of motor gas-gap.Concrete upper:
(1) by the relative axial position of mobile stator or rotor, regulate the effective permanent magnetic field of air gap of magneto, there is very large adjustable magnetic ability, avoided sine wave permanent magnet brushless electric machine to carry out adjustable magnetic by very large d-axis armature supply, efficient, high power density and the High Power Factor of motor have been guaranteed, avoid square wave permanent magnetic brushless electric machine to carry out by each phase current of shorting advance the deterioration that adjustable magnetic causes motor performance, realized equally the object of permanent magnet DC motor adjustable magnetic;
(2) moving to axial of stator and rotor is the method by electronic or manual, by linear bearing, realizes.
(3) magnetic energy power magneto has very high weak magnetism speed expansion ability when as motor to a high-profile, and the utmost point is suitable for the occasion that low speed high torque has the little torque service requirement of high speed simultaneously, as electric automobile drives and machine tool chief axis driving;
(4) magnetic energy power magneto has good voltage stability when as generator to a high-profile, has avoided common permanent magnet generator must adopt commutation inversion to meet the performance requirement of voltage stability, has low-cost and efficient advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the torque rotary speed characteristic curve of common magneto torque rotary speed characteristic curve and load request during as motor;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the utility model while being used as internal rotor permanent-magnetic brushless motor;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of stator 1 center line in Fig. 1 (be equivalent to stator core 1-1 center line, lower with) while overlapping with rotor 2 center lines;
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram when stator 1 left side overlaps with rotor 2 right sides in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 be in Fig. 1 stator 1 with rotor 2 between the centre position of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the utility model test characteristic curve;
Wherein: 1-1 is stator core, 1-2 is stator winding, and 2 is p-m rotor, and 3 is motor left end cap, and 4 is casing, and 5 is right end cap, and 6 is swivel bearing, and 7 is auxiliary moving mechanism, and 8 is linear bearing, and 9 is basis.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the peak torque speed characteristic curve that wherein ABCr is load request, ErAB Duan Weiqi Daheng torque section, BCrWei Qi Daheng power section; ABCs is the torque rotary speed characteristic curve that common permanent magnet motor only has for meeting the Daheng torque operation of load; ABxCr is that the Daheng torque operation that common magneto not only meets load meets the peak torque speed characteristic curve that output-constant operation must have simultaneously.
Common permanent magnet brushless electromotor has the torque rotary speed characteristic curve as shown in ABCs in Fig. 1, and wherein AB section is permanent torque target phase, and BCs is weak magnetism speed expansion section, n
bfor turnover rotating speed, n
smaxfor the maximum speed that motor can reach, because common permanent magnetic brushless permanent magnetic field is difficult to regulate, so weak magnetism speed expansion section is relatively short, and what nsmax increased than nb is not a lot.And numerous loads needs low speed high torque to need high-speed cruising as electric automobile drives load simultaneously, need the weak magnetism speed expansion section grown very much, as figure BCr section, i.e. n
rmaxcompare n
bmuch larger, that is to say, if common permanent magnetic brushless just meets the permanent torque service requirement of load, can not meet the permanent power weak magnetism speed expansion requirement of load simultaneously.Obviously common permanent magnet synchronous motor wants to meet permanent torque request and the permanent power requirement of load simultaneously, meet dynamic characteristic ABCr, only has the maximum power that increases motor, thereby increase the capacity of inverter, make motor there is the torque rotary speed characteristic curve of ABxCr, this has increased the capacity of inverter and cost, volume greatly, only has electric system to have the torque rotary speed characteristic curve of ABxCr, could meet the load characteristic of load ABCr.
A kind of lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto, the stator, rotor, main shaft, swivel bearing, casing, both sides end cap and the basis that comprise magneto, rotor relatively rotates by swivel bearing and stator, between casing outside and basis, linear bearing is set, end cap is fixedly installed on casing both sides, and main shaft is fixed on two side ends by swivel bearing and covers, and end cap central authorities arrange tubular slideway, swivel bearing is arranged on slideway, and the end cap of a side contrary to main shaft arranges auxiliary moving mechanism.
The moving range of described tubular slideway refers to the offset distance that overlaps stator and rotor centerline stator and rotor edge depart from completely.For example, moving range is 0~(stator thickness+rotor thickness)/2.
Main shaft is relative static vertically with swivel bearing, casing and end cap have certain moving range vertically by linear bearing, auxiliary moving mechanism controls moving range, stator center line and rotor centerline are offset, change the coupling between stator body and rotor, change the effective permanent magnet flux of air gap of magneto.
As magneto, in stator and rotor, one permanent magnet formation p-m rotor or permanent-magnet stator are installed, another just becomes armature, and armature comprises armature winding and armature core.P-m rotor (or permanent-magnet stator) is identical with common magneto, and same armature is also identical with common magneto.When p-m rotor (or permanent-magnet stator) aligns with armature center line, permanent magnetic field and armature are coupled completely, the permanent magnetism air-gap flux of motor is maximum, when both center lines depart from, the effective permanent magnet flux of air gap of motor reduces, when permanent-magnet stator (or p-m rotor) is not axially having when overlapping with armature, the effective permanent magnetism air gap of the air gap magnetic in armature, with reaching minimum, approximates 0.By auxiliary moving mechanism make casing together with end cap with respect to main axle moving, can make the effective permanent magnet flux amplitude of variation of air gap of motor very large, met the adjustable magnetic requirement of variant magneto.It is flexible that main shaft is connected and fixed mode, is not subject to applying working condition and load effect.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, fixing p-m rotor 2 on main shaft, the inner fixed stator main body 1 of casing 4.Stator core 1-1 and stator winding 1-2 have formed stator body 1, stator body 1, left end cap 3, casing 4, right end cap 5 have formed the stator of motor, p-m rotor 2 rotates with respect to stator by swivel bearing 6, and auxiliary moving mechanism 7 makes stator move axially along basis 9 by linear bearing 8.
By mobile stator, make stator center line (being equivalent to stator core 1-1 center line) and rotor 2 disalignments, thereby reduced the coupling of rotor and stator, reduced the effective permanent magnet flux of motor gas-gap, reach the object of permanent magnetic brushless weak magnetism speed expansion, thereby make motor there is the torque rotary speed characteristic curve as ABCr in Fig. 1, thereby under the prerequisite that does not increase motor maximum power and inverter capacity, meet the driving requirement of load.
When stator 1 center line overlaps with rotor 2 center lines, as shown in Figure 3, the effective permanent magnet flux of motor gas-gap is maximum, and now machine operation, in AB section as shown in Figure 1, realizes the permanent torque operation of motor, at B point, motor reaches maximum power, and inverter Maximum Power Output, when stator 1 center line departs from rotor 2 center line gradually, the effective permanent magnet flux of air gap diminishes, thereby motor is moved along BCr weak magnetism speed expansion.When stator left side arrives rotor 2 right part face, as shown in Figure 4, motor gas-gap useful flux is minimum, approaches 0, can make motor reach very high rotating speed (n
rmax); As shown in Figure 5, stator 1 center line departs from rotor 2 center lines, and the effective permanent magnet flux of motor gas-gap is less than magnetic flux as shown in Figure 3, is greater than magnetic flux as shown in Figure 4, so the running speed of motor is also just between n
band n
rmaxbetween.
Embodiment 3:
On the basis of embodiment 1 and/or embodiment 2, the outside end cap 5 arranged outside tooth bars of casing 4, auxiliary moving mechanism 7 comprises control motor, gear, gear is fixed on the output shaft of controlling motor, wheel and rack engagement.Control motor and rotarily drive gear, wheel and rack transmission, moves horizontally casing, realizes stator center line and rotor centerline and is offset.Main shaft, as output, does not produce horizontal displacement, connection load is set simple, easy for installation, and transmission efficiency is high.
Embodiment 4:
On the basis of embodiment 2, fixed stator on main shaft, the inner fixedly p-m rotor of casing.
Embodiment 5:
On the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the outside end cap arranged outside of casing annular gear ring, auxiliary moving mechanism comprises control motor, gear, gear is fixed on the output shaft of controlling motor, gear and annular gear ring engagement, realize and moving axially during annular gear ring rotation.Gear drive is moved end cap vertically, is applicable to outer-rotor structure.
Embodiment 6:
In use, as motor, main shaft or housing connect load to the utility model, thereby have very strong weak magnetism speed expansion ability, realize motor low speed high torque and high-speed cruising requirement; When design, while overlapping with motor stator center line and rotor centerline, meet the low speed high torque operation of motor, by adjustable magnetic, automatically meet the high-speed cruising of motor.
Embodiment 7:
As generator, main shaft or housing connect rotary power input mechanism, thus output voltage stabilization while realizing generator with load variations under the prerequisite that does not need commutation inversion; When design, while overlapping with motor stator center line and rotor centerline, meet the specified operation of motor, the voltage stability requirement while automatically meeting generator loading variation by adjustable magnetic.
Experimental results show that:
As shown in Figure 6, implementation result for 5kW, 1500r/min magneto (employing inner rotor core), wherein normal 5kW magneto has the torque rotary speed curve of ABCs in figure, at Cs point, reach the highest running speed (the highest running speed is 2400r/min), but output torque has reduced to 0, therefore there is no power stage; After adopting the utility model, AB section remains unchanged, but high regime becomes BCr from BCs, and the maximum speed of motor reaches 4350r/min, the more important thing is the power stage that now also has 8Nm, and now the power output of motor also has 3.7kW.This technology, has obtained good high-speed cruising effect, has not only expanded speed adjustable range, and also has at a high speed torque output.
Claims (7)
1. a magnetic energy power magneto to a high-profile, the stator, rotor, main shaft, swivel bearing, casing, both sides end cap and the basis that comprise magneto, rotor relatively rotates by swivel bearing and stator, it is characterized in that: between casing outside and basis, linear bearing is set, end cap is fixedly installed on casing both sides, and main shaft is fixed on two side ends by swivel bearing and covers, and end cap central authorities arrange tubular slideway, swivel bearing is arranged on slideway, and the end cap of a side contrary to main shaft arranges auxiliary moving mechanism.
2. lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fixing p-m rotor on described main shaft, the inner fixed stator of casing.
3. lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the described outside end cap arranged outside of casing tooth bar, auxiliary moving mechanism comprises control motor, gear, and gear is fixed on the output shaft of controlling motor, wheel and rack engagement.
4. lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fixed stator on described main shaft, the inner fixedly p-m rotor of casing.
5. lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the described outside end cap arranged outside of casing annular gear ring, auxiliary moving mechanism comprises control motor, gear, gear is fixed on the output shaft of controlling motor, gear and annular gear ring engagement, realize and moving axially during annular gear ring rotation.
6. lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the moving range of described tubular slideway is stator and the rotor centerline offset distance that stator and rotor edge depart from completely that overlaps.
7. according to the lofty tone magnetic energy power magneto described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: the moving range of described tubular slideway is 0-(stator thickness+rotor thickness)/2.
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CN201420209835.3U CN203896111U (en) | 2014-04-26 | 2014-04-26 | Permanent magnetism motor with high magnetic-field adjusting capability |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103944311A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-23 | 滨州市金诺机电科技有限公司 | Magnetic field regulating method for permanent magnet motor and permanent magnet motor high in magnetism regulation capacity |
US20210044165A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2021-02-11 | Indigo Technologies, Inc. | Permanent Magnet Motor with Passively Controlled Variable Rotor/Stator Alignment |
-
2014
- 2014-04-26 CN CN201420209835.3U patent/CN203896111U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103944311A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-23 | 滨州市金诺机电科技有限公司 | Magnetic field regulating method for permanent magnet motor and permanent magnet motor high in magnetism regulation capacity |
US20210044165A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2021-02-11 | Indigo Technologies, Inc. | Permanent Magnet Motor with Passively Controlled Variable Rotor/Stator Alignment |
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CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141022 Termination date: 20150426 |
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EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |