CN104836398A - Rotor magnetic concentrating double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Rotor magnetic concentrating double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种高功率密度和高转矩密度的永磁电机，属于电机领域。The invention relates to a permanent magnet motor with high power density and high torque density, belonging to the field of motors.
背景技术Background technique
与电励磁电机相比，永磁电机，特别是稀土永磁电机具有结构简单，运行可靠；体积小，质量轻；损耗小，效率高；电机的形状和尺寸可以灵活多样等显著优点，因而应用范围极为广泛，几乎遍及航空航天、国防、工农业生产和日常生活的各个领域。永磁电机转子结构按照永磁体磁路结构分为：表贴式和聚磁式。转子采用聚磁式结构，与表贴式转子结构相比较，气隙中有效谐波磁密能够大大提高，可以提高电机的功率密度，同时也能提高电机的功率因数。Compared with electric excitation motors, permanent magnet motors, especially rare earth permanent magnet motors, have significant advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation, small size, light weight, low loss, and high efficiency; The scope is extremely wide, covering almost every field of aerospace, national defense, industrial and agricultural production and daily life. According to the permanent magnet magnetic circuit structure, the permanent magnet motor rotor structure is divided into surface mount type and magnetic accumulation type. The rotor adopts a magnetic-concentration structure. Compared with the surface-mounted rotor structure, the effective harmonic flux density in the air gap can be greatly improved, which can increase the power density of the motor and improve the power factor of the motor.
传统的径向磁通和轴向磁通电机，其电路和磁路在同一个平面，存在互相竞争，当加大电负荷时，需要加大线圈的截面，即槽面积，那么齿的宽度就会减小，为了防止饱和，就必须降低磁负荷。反之亦然。因此电机的功率密度难以提高。In the traditional radial flux and axial flux motors, the circuit and the magnetic circuit are on the same plane, and there is competition with each other. When the electric load is increased, the cross section of the coil, that is, the slot area, needs to be increased, so the tooth width is Will decrease, in order to prevent saturation, it is necessary to reduce the magnetic load. vice versa. Therefore, it is difficult to increase the power density of the motor.
为了提高功率密度，人们采用横向磁通结构电机，其电负荷与磁负荷在结构上完全解耦，而且每相磁路之间没有耦合，可独立分析与控制。在同样体积的情况下，可以通过加大电机的极对数来提高转矩密度和功率密度，特别适用于低速大转矩直驱的场合。In order to increase the power density, people use transverse flux structure motors, whose electric load and magnetic load are completely decoupled in structure, and there is no coupling between the magnetic circuits of each phase, which can be independently analyzed and controlled. In the case of the same volume, the torque density and power density can be increased by increasing the number of pole pairs of the motor, especially suitable for low-speed high-torque direct drive applications.
但传统的横向结构电机，结构复杂，空间利用率和绕组利用率偏低，转矩密度和功率密度低。However, the traditional transverse structure motor has complex structure, low space utilization rate and winding utilization rate, and low torque density and power density.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是为了解决传统的横向结构电机，结构复杂，空间利用率和绕组利用率偏低，转矩密度和功率密度低的问题，提供了一种转子聚磁式双定子横向磁场永磁同步电机。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of traditional transverse structure motors, complex structure, low space utilization rate and winding utilization rate, low torque density and low power density, and provides a rotor magnetic concentration type double stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronization motor.
本发明所述转子聚磁式双定子横向磁场永磁同步电机，它包括定子、转子、外壳和转子支架，定子包括外定子和内定子，转子位于外定子和内定子之间，且固定在转子支架上；外定子与转子之间形成第一工作气隙，内定子与转子之间形成第二工作气隙；The rotor magnetic concentration double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention includes a stator, a rotor, a casing and a rotor support, the stator includes an outer stator and an inner stator, and the rotor is located between the outer stator and the inner stator and is fixed on the rotor On the bracket; the first working air gap is formed between the outer stator and the rotor, and the second working air gap is formed between the inner stator and the rotor;
外定子包括外定子铁心和外定子电枢绕组，外定子铁心包括p个第一U型外定子铁心和p个第二U型外定子铁心，p个第一U型外定子铁心和p个第二U型外定子铁心沿圆周方向交替均布在外壳的内圆表面，且第一U型外定子铁心和第二U型外定子铁心在轴向错开距离d；外定子电枢绕组设置在p个第一U型外定子铁心和p个第二U型外定子铁心共同的U型区域中；The outer stator includes an outer stator core and an outer stator armature winding. The outer stator core includes p first U-shaped outer stator cores and p second U-shaped outer stator cores, and p first U-shaped outer stator cores and p first U-shaped outer stator cores. Two U-shaped outer stator cores are alternately and evenly distributed on the inner surface of the casing along the circumferential direction, and the first U-shaped outer stator core and the second U-shaped outer stator core are staggered by a distance d in the axial direction; the outer stator armature winding is arranged at p In the common U-shaped area of a first U-shaped outer stator core and p second U-shaped outer stator cores;
内定子包括内定子电枢绕组、内定子铁心、非导磁内定子套筒和内定子轴，内定子铁心包括p个第一U型内定子铁心和p个第二U型内定子铁心，p个第一U型内定子铁心和p个第二U型内定子铁心沿圆周方向交替均布在非导磁内定子套筒的外圆表面，且第一U型内定子铁心和第二U型内定子铁心在轴向错开距离d；内定子电枢绕组设置在p个第一U型内定子铁心和p个第二U型内定子铁心共同的U型区域中；非导磁内定子套筒固定设置在内定子轴上；The inner stator includes an inner stator armature winding, an inner stator core, a non-magnetic inner stator sleeve and an inner stator shaft, and the inner stator core includes p first U-shaped inner stator cores and p second U-shaped inner stator cores, p A first U-shaped inner stator core and p second U-shaped inner stator cores are alternately and evenly distributed on the outer surface of the non-magnetic inner stator sleeve along the circumferential direction, and the first U-shaped inner stator core and the second U-shaped inner stator core The inner stator cores are staggered by a distance d in the axial direction; the inner stator armature windings are arranged in the common U-shaped area of p first U-shaped inner stator cores and p second U-shaped inner stator cores; the non-magnetic inner stator sleeve fixedly arranged on the inner stator shaft;
转子包括2p块第一永磁体、2p块第二永磁体、转子铁心和转轴，转子铁心包括2p个中间位置H型转子铁心和4p个外部矩形转子铁心；2p个中间位置H型转子铁心沿圆周方向均布，每个中间位置H型转子铁心的左右侧表面和对称设置的两个外部矩形转子铁心之间分别设置有第一永磁体和第二永磁体，该对称设置的两个外部矩形转子铁心固定在转子支架上；转子支架通过轴承与内定子轴活动连接，转子支架固定在转轴上，转轴通过轴承与外壳活动连接；转轴与内定子轴的轴心在同一中心线上；The rotor includes 2p pieces of first permanent magnets, 2p pieces of second permanent magnets, rotor cores and rotating shafts. The rotor cores include 2p intermediate position H-shaped rotor cores and 4p external rectangular rotor cores; 2p intermediate position H-shaped rotor cores along the circumference The direction is evenly distributed. There are first permanent magnets and second permanent magnets respectively arranged between the left and right side surfaces of the H-shaped rotor core at the middle position and the two symmetrically arranged outer rectangular rotor cores. The symmetrically arranged two outer rectangular rotor cores The iron core is fixed on the rotor support; the rotor support is movably connected with the inner stator shaft through the bearing, the rotor support is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is movably connected with the casing through the bearing; the axes of the rotating shaft and the inner stator shaft are on the same center line;
第一U型外定子铁心和一侧的外部矩形转子铁心径向对齐，第一U型内定子铁心和对称侧的外部矩形转子铁心径向对齐，且轴向宽度相等。The first U-shaped outer stator core is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core on one side, and the first U-shaped inner stator core is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core on the symmetrical side, and has the same axial width.
第二U型外定子铁心和一侧的外部矩形转子铁心径向对齐，第二U型内定子铁心和对称侧的外部矩形转子铁心径向对齐，且轴向宽度相等。The second U-shaped outer stator core is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core on one side, and the second U-shaped inner stator core is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core on the symmetrical side, and has the same axial width.
本发明的优点：Advantages of the present invention:
1、本发明电机的转子采用聚磁式结构，铁心中放置一对永磁体，磁化方向相反，且圆周方向相邻两个转子铁心中的永磁体磁化方向相反，结合周向相邻两个定子铁心左、右分别对称排列的结构特点，可以实现磁通切换的功能，避免相邻传统的横向磁场电机两个转子铁心只能对应一个定子铁心的情况，提高了空间利用率，同时外定子和内定子铁心左、右分别对称排列的结构特点，可以同时利用转子上的两个相邻永磁体，避免永磁体无效工作区，减小聚磁式结构的漏磁，提高了电机的磁通利用率。1. The rotor of the motor of the present invention adopts a magnetism-concentrating structure. A pair of permanent magnets are placed in the core, and the magnetization directions are opposite, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in the two adjacent rotor cores in the circumferential direction are opposite. Combined with the two adjacent stator cores in the circumferential direction, the left The structural characteristics of the symmetrical arrangement of the left and right respectively can realize the function of magnetic flux switching, avoiding the situation that the two rotor cores of adjacent traditional transverse magnetic field motors can only correspond to one stator core, and improve the space utilization rate. At the same time, the outer stator and the inner stator The structural characteristics of the left and right symmetrical arrangement of the iron core can simultaneously use two adjacent permanent magnets on the rotor to avoid the invalid working area of the permanent magnets, reduce the magnetic flux leakage of the magnetic accumulation structure, and improve the magnetic flux utilization rate of the motor.
2、本发明电机的各定子铁心尺寸相同，各转子铁心尺寸也相同，且都可用硅钢片叠制而成。任何时刻都能充分利用永磁体，避免永磁体无效工作区，可以有效的减少电机的漏磁通，提高了电机的转矩密度和功率密度。因此，本发明具有广泛的应用前景，可在风力发电、电动汽车，舰船电力推进等场合应用。2. The size of each stator core of the motor of the present invention is the same, and the size of each rotor core is also the same, and all of them can be formed by stacking silicon steel sheets. The permanent magnet can be fully utilized at any time, and the invalid working area of the permanent magnet can be avoided, which can effectively reduce the leakage flux of the motor, and improve the torque density and power density of the motor. Therefore, the present invention has wide application prospects, and can be applied in occasions such as wind power generation, electric vehicles, and ship electric propulsion.
3、本发明电机的定子电枢绕组为环形绕组，嵌在定子铁心凹槽内，没有端部，有效地缩短了绕组的无效长度。同时，每相外定子绕组和内定子绕组可以顺向串联组成一套绕组，也可以并联作为两套绕组独立运行。在大功率驱动电机系统中，采用双定子绕组，在总功率不变的情况下，可以减小驱动器电力电子开关器件的电压或电流限值，降低系统成本。3. The stator armature winding of the motor of the present invention is a ring winding, which is embedded in the groove of the stator core and has no ends, which effectively shortens the ineffective length of the winding. At the same time, the outer stator winding and the inner stator winding of each phase can be connected in series in the forward direction to form a set of windings, or can be connected in parallel as two sets of windings to operate independently. In a high-power drive motor system, double stator windings are used to reduce the voltage or current limit of the drive's power electronic switching device and reduce system costs when the total power remains unchanged.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述转子聚磁式双定子横向磁场永磁同步电机的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the rotor magnetic concentration double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention;
图2是图1的A-A剖视图；Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
图3是图1的B-B剖视图；Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 1;
图4(a)(b)是t0时刻、两邻两个转子单元与外定子、内定子之间的电机主磁通，电枢绕组不通电；Figure 4(a)(b) is the main magnetic flux of the motor between the two adjacent rotor units and the outer stator and inner stator at time t 0 , and the armature winding is not energized;
图5(a)(b)是t1时刻、两邻两个转子单元与外定子、内定子之间的电机主磁通，电枢绕组不通电。Figure 5(a)(b) shows the main magnetic flux of the motor between the two adjacent rotor units, the outer stator and the inner stator at time t1 , and the armature winding is not energized.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：下面结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述转子聚磁式双定子横向磁场永磁同步电机，它包括定子、转子、外壳3和转子支架4，定子包括外定子和内定子，转子位于外定子和内定子之间，且固定在转子支架4上；外定子与转子之间形成第一工作气隙，内定子与转子之间形成第二工作气隙；Specific embodiment one: The present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, and the rotor magnetic concentration double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor described in the present embodiment includes a stator, a rotor, a casing 3 and a rotor bracket 4, and the stator includes The outer stator and the inner stator, the rotor is located between the outer stator and the inner stator, and is fixed on the rotor support 4; a first working air gap is formed between the outer stator and the rotor, and a second working air gap is formed between the inner stator and the rotor;
外定子包括外定子铁心5和外定子电枢绕组6，外定子铁心5包括p个第一U型外定子铁心5-1和p个第二U型外定子铁心5-2，p个第一U型外定子铁心5-1和p个第二U型外定子铁心5-2沿圆周方向交替均布在外壳3的内圆表面，且第一U型外定子铁心5-1和第二U型外定子铁心5-2在轴向错开距离d；外定子电枢绕组6设置在p个第一U型外定子铁心5-1和p个第二U型外定子铁心5-2共同的U型区域中；The outer stator includes an outer stator core 5 and an outer stator armature winding 6, the outer stator core 5 includes p first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and p second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-2, and p first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and p second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-2 are alternately and evenly distributed on the inner circular surface of the casing 3 along the circumferential direction, and the first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and the second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 are The outer stator core 5-2 is staggered by a distance d in the axial direction; the outer stator armature winding 6 is arranged on the common U of p first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and p second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-2. type area;
内定子包括内定子电枢绕组9、内定子铁心10、非导磁内定子套筒12和内定子轴13，内定子铁心10包括p个第一U型内定子铁心10-1和p个第二U型内定子铁心10-2，p个第一U型内定子铁心10-1和p个第二U型内定子铁心10-2沿圆周方向交替均布在非导磁内定子套筒12的外圆表面，且第一U型内定子铁心10-1和第二U型内定子铁心10-2在轴向错开距离d；内定子电枢绕组9设置在p个第一U型内定子铁心10-1和p个第二U型内定子铁心10-2共同的U型区域中；非导磁内定子套筒12固定设置在内定子轴13上；The inner stator includes an inner stator armature winding 9, an inner stator core 10, a non-magnetic inner stator sleeve 12 and an inner stator shaft 13, and the inner stator core 10 includes p first U-shaped inner stator cores 10-1 and p first U-shaped inner stator cores 10-1 and p first Two U-shaped inner stator cores 10-2, p first U-shaped inner stator cores 10-1 and p second U-shaped inner stator cores 10-2 are alternately and evenly distributed on the non-magnetic inner stator sleeve 12 along the circumferential direction , and the first U-shaped inner stator core 10-1 and the second U-shaped inner stator core 10-2 are staggered by a distance d in the axial direction; the inner stator armature windings 9 are arranged in p first U-shaped inner stators In the common U-shaped area of the iron core 10-1 and the p second U-shaped inner stator cores 10-2; the non-magnetic inner stator sleeve 12 is fixedly arranged on the inner stator shaft 13;
转子包括2p块第一永磁体7、2p块第二永磁体11、转子铁心8和转轴1，转子铁心8包括2p个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1和4p个外部矩形转子铁心8-2；2p个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1沿圆周方向均布，每个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1的左右侧表面和对称设置的两个外部矩形转子铁心8-2之间分别设置有第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11，该对称设置的两个外部矩形转子铁心8-2固定在转子支架4上；转子支架4通过轴承14与内定子轴13活动连接，转子支架固定在转轴1上，转轴1通过轴承2与外壳3活动连接；转轴1与内定子轴13的轴心在同一中心线上；The rotor includes 2p first permanent magnets 7, 2p second permanent magnets 11, a rotor core 8 and a rotating shaft 1, and the rotor core 8 includes 2p intermediate position H-shaped rotor cores 8-1 and 4p outer rectangular rotor cores 8-2 ; 2p middle position H-type rotor cores 8-1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and each middle position H-type rotor core 8-1 is arranged between the left and right side surfaces and two symmetrically arranged outer rectangular rotor cores 8-2 There are a first permanent magnet 7 and a second permanent magnet 11, and the two symmetrically arranged outer rectangular rotor cores 8-2 are fixed on the rotor support 4; the rotor support 4 is movably connected with the inner stator shaft 13 through a bearing 14, and the rotor support is fixed On the rotating shaft 1, the rotating shaft 1 is movably connected with the housing 3 through the bearing 2; the axes of the rotating shaft 1 and the inner stator shaft 13 are on the same center line;
第一U型外定子铁心5-1和一侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，第一U型内定子铁心10-1和对称侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，且轴向宽度相等。The first U-shaped outer stator core 5-1 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on one side, the first U-shaped inner stator core 10-1 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on the symmetrical side, and have the same axial width.
第二U型外定子铁心5-2和一侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，第二U型内定子铁心10-2和对称侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，且轴向宽度相等。The second U-shaped outer stator core 5-2 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on one side, and the second U-shaped inner stator core 10-2 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on the symmetrical side, and have the same axial width.
第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11均沿轴向充磁，同一个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1两侧的第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11的充磁方向相反，周向相邻两块第一永磁体7的充磁方向交替相反，周向相邻两块第二永磁体11的充磁方向交替相反。The first permanent magnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 11 are all magnetized in the axial direction, and the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 11 on both sides of the H-type rotor core 8-1 at the same middle position are opposite, and the circumferential direction is opposite to each other. The magnetization directions of two adjacent first permanent magnets 7 are alternately opposite, and the magnetization directions of two circumferentially adjacent second permanent magnets 11 are alternately opposite.
外定子铁心5和内定子铁心10均由硅钢片叠制而成。Both the outer stator core 5 and the inner stator core 10 are made of silicon steel sheets.
中间位置H型转子铁心8-1中间的长条部分可用非导磁材料制成。The elongated part in the middle of the middle position H-type rotor core 8-1 can be made of non-magnetic material.
外定子电枢绕组6和内定子电枢绕组9采用环形绕组。嵌在定子铁心凹槽内，该绕组没有端部，有效地缩短了绕组的无效长度。在大功率驱动电机系统中，采用双定子绕组，在总功率不变的情况下，可以减小驱动器电力电子开关器件的电压或电流限值，降低系统成本。The outer stator armature winding 6 and the inner stator armature winding 9 adopt ring windings. Embedded in the slot of the stator core, the winding has no ends, effectively shortening the effective length of the winding. In a high-power drive motor system, double stator windings are used to reduce the voltage or current limit of the drive's power electronic switching device and reduce system costs when the total power remains unchanged.
本实施方式为单相电机，极数为2p，本实施方式电机可做发电机使用，即当原动机驱动转子做旋转运动时，定子电枢绕组输出交流电，经整流，升压，逆变等电路，可以直接给负载供电或者进行微电网组网。This embodiment is a single-phase motor with a number of poles of 2p. The motor in this embodiment can be used as a generator, that is, when the prime mover drives the rotor to rotate, the stator armature winding outputs alternating current, which is rectified, boosted, inverted, etc. The circuit can directly supply power to the load or carry out microgrid networking.
本实施方式转子采用聚磁式结构。铁心中放置一对永磁体，且圆周方向相邻两个转子铁心中的永磁体磁化方向相反，结合周向相邻两个定子铁心左、右分别对称排列的结构特点，可以实现磁通切换的功能，避免相邻传统的横向磁场电机两个转子铁心只能对应一个定子铁心的情况，提高了空间利用率，同时外定子和内定子铁心左、右分别对称排列的结构特点，可以同时利用转子上的两个相邻永磁体，避免永磁体无效工作区，减小聚磁式结构的漏磁，提高了电机的磁通利用率。In this embodiment, the rotor adopts a magnetism-concentrating structure. A pair of permanent magnets are placed in the core, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in the two adjacent rotor cores in the circumferential direction are opposite. Combined with the structural characteristics of the left and right symmetrical arrangements of the two adjacent stator cores in the circumferential direction, the function of magnetic flux switching can be realized. It avoids the situation that the two rotor cores of the adjacent traditional transverse magnetic field motor can only correspond to one stator core, which improves the space utilization rate. At the same time, the structural characteristics of the left and right symmetrical arrangement of the outer stator and the inner stator core can be used at the same time. Two adjacent permanent magnets avoid the invalid working area of the permanent magnets, reduce the magnetic flux leakage of the magnetic concentration structure, and improve the magnetic flux utilization rate of the motor.
外定子气隙磁路与内定子气隙磁路串联，且主磁通所在平面与转子旋转方向垂直。The air-gap magnetic circuit of the outer stator is connected in series with the air-gap magnetic circuit of the inner stator, and the plane where the main magnetic flux is located is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the rotor.
定子极数和转子极数相等，可以提高电机的空间利用率。The number of stator poles is equal to the number of rotor poles, which can improve the space utilization rate of the motor.
转子铁心8中的第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11采用钕铁硼材料。The first permanent magnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 11 in the rotor core 8 are made of NdFeB material.
工作原理：如图4所示，t0时刻转子聚磁式双定子横向磁场永磁同步电机的主磁通，电枢绕组不通电，图4(a)所示为P极下，外定子铁心5-1与转子铁心8左对齐，即与左侧转子铁心8-2对齐，内定子铁心10-1与转子铁心8右对齐，即与右侧转子铁心8-2对齐，图4(b)所示为P+1极下，外定子铁心5-2与转子铁心8右对齐，即与右侧转子铁心8-2对齐，内定子铁心10-2与转子铁心8左对齐，即与左侧转子铁心8-2对齐，同一极下外定子与内定子磁路串联，不同极下转子单元永磁体产生的穿过定子铁心的磁通方向相同，外定子绕组6和内定子绕组9的磁通方向也相同；当转子处于和t0时刻位置相差180度电角度的位置二时，即t1时刻位置，如图5所示，外定子铁心5和内定子铁心10与转子铁心8的对齐方向与t0时刻正好相反，磁通方向切换为另一个方向。同时，磁通方向所在平面与运动方向垂直。当转子连续旋转时，定子电枢绕组中交链的磁通的幅值和方向呈周期性改变，从而感应出电势，实现机电能量转换。Working principle: As shown in Figure 4, at time t 0 , the main flux of the rotor magnetism-concentrating double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor, the armature winding is not energized, and Figure 4(a) shows that under the P pole, the outer stator core 5-1 is left-aligned with the rotor core 8, that is, it is aligned with the left rotor core 8-2, and the inner stator core 10-1 is right-aligned with the rotor core 8, that is, it is aligned with the right rotor core 8-2, as shown in Figure 4(b) It is shown that under the P+1 pole, the outer stator core 5-2 is right aligned with the rotor core 8, that is, it is aligned with the right rotor core 8-2, and the inner stator core 10-2 is left aligned with the rotor core 8, that is, it is aligned with the left side The rotor core 8-2 is aligned, the outer stator and the inner stator magnetic circuit are connected in series under the same pole, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet of the rotor unit under different poles passes through the stator core in the same direction, and the magnetic flux of the outer stator winding 6 and the inner stator winding 9 The direction is also the same; when the rotor is at position 2, which is 180 degrees electrical angle different from the position at time t 0 , that is, the position at time t 1 , as shown in Figure 5, the alignment direction of the outer stator core 5, the inner stator core 10 and the rotor core 8 Just opposite to time t 0 , the magnetic flux direction switches to another direction. At the same time, the plane of the magnetic flux direction is perpendicular to the direction of motion. When the rotor rotates continuously, the magnitude and direction of the interlinked magnetic flux in the stator armature windings change periodically, thereby inducing an electric potential and realizing electromechanical energy conversion.
当定子电枢绕组通入合适的电流，即可实现转子旋转。通过改变电枢绕组供电电流的频率和幅值，就可以控制转子的转速和转矩。When the stator armature winding passes through the appropriate current, the rotor rotation can be realized. By changing the frequency and amplitude of the armature winding supply current, the rotor speed and torque can be controlled.
由图4和5可知，任何时刻每个单元的两个永磁体均处于工作状态，外定子气隙磁路与内定子气隙磁路串联，可以有效减小永磁体漏磁，从而提高电机的功率因数和功率密度。It can be seen from Figures 4 and 5 that the two permanent magnets of each unit are in working state at any time, and the outer stator air-gap magnetic circuit is connected in series with the inner stator air-gap magnetic circuit, which can effectively reduce the magnetic flux leakage of the permanent magnets, thereby improving the performance of the motor. Power factor and power density.
具体实施方式二：下面结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述转子聚磁式双定子横向磁场永磁同步电机，它包括三相定子、三相转子、外壳3和三个转子支架4，每相定子包括外定子和内定子，每相转子位于该相外定子和该相内定子之间，且固定在一个转子支架4上；外定子与转子之间形成第一工作气隙，内定子与转子之间形成第二工作气隙；三相定子沿轴向并列排列；Specific embodiment two: The present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, and the rotor magnetism-concentrating double-stator transverse magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor described in the present embodiment includes a three-phase stator, a three-phase rotor, a casing 3 and three Rotor bracket 4, each phase stator includes an outer stator and an inner stator, each phase rotor is located between the phase outer stator and the phase inner stator, and is fixed on a rotor bracket 4; the first working gas is formed between the outer stator and the rotor The second working air gap is formed between the inner stator and the rotor; the three-phase stators are arranged side by side along the axial direction;
外定子包括外定子铁心5和外定子电枢绕组6，外定子铁心5包括p个第一U型外定子铁心5-1和p个第二U型外定子铁心5-2，p个第一U型外定子铁心5-1和p个第二U型外定子铁心5-2沿圆周方向交替均布在外壳3的内圆表面，且第一U型外定子铁心5-1和第二U型外定子铁心5-2在轴向错开距离d；外定子电枢绕组6设置在p个第一U型外定子铁心5-1和p个第二U型外定子铁心5-2共同的U型区域中；The outer stator includes an outer stator core 5 and an outer stator armature winding 6, the outer stator core 5 includes p first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and p second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-2, and p first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and p second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-2 are alternately and evenly distributed on the inner circular surface of the casing 3 along the circumferential direction, and the first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and the second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 are The outer stator core 5-2 is staggered by a distance d in the axial direction; the outer stator armature winding 6 is arranged on the common U of p first U-shaped outer stator cores 5-1 and p second U-shaped outer stator cores 5-2. type area;
内定子包括内定子电枢绕组9、内定子铁心10、非导磁内定子套筒12和内定子轴13，内定子铁心10包括p个第一U型内定子铁心10-1和p个第二U型内定子铁心10-2，p个第一U型内定子铁心10-1和p个第二U型内定子铁心10-2沿圆周方向交替均布在非导磁内定子套筒12的外圆表面，且第一U型内定子铁心10-1和第二U型内定子铁心10-2在轴向错开距离d；内定子电枢绕组9设置在p个第一U型内定子铁心10-1和p个第二U型内定子铁心10-2共同的U型区域中；非导磁内定子套筒12固定设置在内定子轴13上；The inner stator includes an inner stator armature winding 9, an inner stator core 10, a non-magnetic inner stator sleeve 12 and an inner stator shaft 13, and the inner stator core 10 includes p first U-shaped inner stator cores 10-1 and p first U-shaped inner stator cores 10-1 and p first Two U-shaped inner stator cores 10-2, p first U-shaped inner stator cores 10-1 and p second U-shaped inner stator cores 10-2 are alternately and evenly distributed on the non-magnetic inner stator sleeve 12 along the circumferential direction , and the first U-shaped inner stator core 10-1 and the second U-shaped inner stator core 10-2 are staggered by a distance d in the axial direction; the inner stator armature windings 9 are arranged in p first U-shaped inner stators In the common U-shaped area of the iron core 10-1 and the p second U-shaped inner stator cores 10-2; the non-magnetic inner stator sleeve 12 is fixedly arranged on the inner stator shaft 13;
转子包括2p块第一永磁体7、2p块第二永磁体11、转子铁心8和转轴1，转子铁心8包括2p个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1和4p个外部矩形转子铁心8-2；2p个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1沿圆周方向均布，每个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1的左右侧表面和对称设置的两个外部矩形转子铁心8-2之间分别设置有第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11，该对称设置的两个外部矩形转子铁心8-2固定在转子支架4上；转子支架4通过轴承14与内定子轴13活动连接，转子支架固定在转轴1上，转轴1通过轴承2与外壳3活动连接；转轴1与内定子轴13的轴心在同一中心线上；The rotor includes 2p first permanent magnets 7, 2p second permanent magnets 11, a rotor core 8 and a rotating shaft 1, and the rotor core 8 includes 2p intermediate position H-shaped rotor cores 8-1 and 4p outer rectangular rotor cores 8-2 ; 2p middle position H-type rotor cores 8-1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and each middle position H-type rotor core 8-1 is arranged between the left and right side surfaces and two symmetrically arranged outer rectangular rotor cores 8-2 There are a first permanent magnet 7 and a second permanent magnet 11, and the two symmetrically arranged outer rectangular rotor cores 8-2 are fixed on the rotor support 4; the rotor support 4 is movably connected with the inner stator shaft 13 through a bearing 14, and the rotor support is fixed On the rotating shaft 1, the rotating shaft 1 is movably connected with the housing 3 through the bearing 2; the axes of the rotating shaft 1 and the inner stator shaft 13 are on the same center line;
第一U型外定子铁心5-1和一侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，第一U型内定子铁心10-1和对称侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，且轴向宽度相等。The first U-shaped outer stator core 5-1 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on one side, the first U-shaped inner stator core 10-1 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on the symmetrical side, and have the same axial width.
第二U型外定子铁心5-2和一侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，第二U型内定子铁心10-2和对称侧的外部矩形转子铁心8-2径向对齐，且轴向宽度相等。The second U-shaped outer stator core 5-2 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on one side, and the second U-shaped inner stator core 10-2 is radially aligned with the outer rectangular rotor core 8-2 on the symmetrical side, and have the same axial width.
三相外定子铁心5在圆周方向上依次相差120度电角度、三相内定子铁心10在圆周方向上依次相差120度电角度或三相转子铁心8在圆周方向相依次相差120度电角度。The three-phase outer stator cores 5 have a difference of 120 electrical degrees in the circumferential direction, the three-phase inner stator cores 10 have a 120 electrical degree difference in the circumferential direction, or the three-phase rotor cores 8 have a 120 electrical degree difference in the circumferential direction.
第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11均沿轴向充磁，同一个中间位置H型转子铁心8-1两侧的第一永磁体7和第二永磁体11的充磁方向相反，周向相邻两块第一永磁体7的充磁方向交替相反，周向相邻两块第二永磁体11的充磁方向交替相反。The first permanent magnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 11 are all magnetized in the axial direction, and the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 11 on both sides of the H-type rotor core 8-1 at the same middle position are opposite, and the circumferential direction is opposite to each other. The magnetization directions of two adjacent first permanent magnets 7 are alternately opposite, and the magnetization directions of two circumferentially adjacent second permanent magnets 11 are alternately opposite.
外定子铁心5和内定子铁心10均由硅钢片叠制而成。Both the outer stator core 5 and the inner stator core 10 are made of silicon steel sheets.
中间位置H型转子铁心8-1中间的长条部分可用非导磁材料制成。The elongated part in the middle of the middle position H-type rotor core 8-1 can be made of non-magnetic material.
外定子电枢绕组6和内定子电枢绕组9采用环形绕组。The outer stator armature winding 6 and the inner stator armature winding 9 adopt ring windings.
本实施方式为三相电机，其工作原理与实施方式一相同。This embodiment is a three-phase motor, and its working principle is the same as that of the first embodiment.
每相外定子绕组6和内定子绕组9可以顺向串联组成一套绕组，也可以并联作为两套绕组独立运行。The outer stator winding 6 and the inner stator winding 9 of each phase can be connected in series in the forward direction to form a set of windings, or can be connected in parallel as two sets of windings to operate independently.
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