CN203849120U - Combined hardness measurement instrument - Google Patents
Combined hardness measurement instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN203849120U CN203849120U CN201420262989.9U CN201420262989U CN203849120U CN 203849120 U CN203849120 U CN 203849120U CN 201420262989 U CN201420262989 U CN 201420262989U CN 203849120 U CN203849120 U CN 203849120U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a combined hardness measurement instrument. The combined hardness measurement instrument comprises a measuring main body and a group of different frames, wherein the measuring main body comprises a cavity and a positioning trough, and different frames are selected by a user according to measuring requirements and are mounted on the positioning trough of the measuring main body; a measuring head is mounted in the cavity of the measuring main body, a force measuring sensor is mounted in the measuring head, a through hole is formed in the end face of the force measuring sensor, one end of a driving pin is contacted with a displacement measurement sleeve, and the other end of the driving pin penetrates through the through hole and is contacted with a driving plate; a motor connected with a speed reducer is mounted at the other end of the cavity of the measuring main body, and the speed reducer is used for reducing the speed of the motor and driving a screw rod mounted on a bearing seat so as to drive the measuring head to move. By utilizing the structure, a user can select the corresponding frames according to measured workpieces so as to assemble a specific hardness measurement instrument with the measuring main body, and the specific hardness measurement instrument can be used for measuring the hardness of the measured workpieces with complex shapes, so that the application range of the combined hardness measurement instrument is extended, and the test requirements of the user are greatly met.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of material hardness pick-up unit, relates in particular to a kind of combined type qualimeter.
Background technology
As everyone knows, in order to ensure the quality of product, factory and testing laboratory all will test and analyze the hardness of metal product, make the quality requirements of its applicable product to control the hardness of product.NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) have specified the hardness standard of metal material, the Transfer Standards of carrier and the test apparatus standard of hardness test of hardness for this reason.
Taking traditional rockwell hardness measurement instrument as example, it comprises a framework, pressure head and clock gauge are housed on framework, counterweight is housed in framework, by lever, the power of counterweight is passed to pressure head, this pressure head is oppressed measured workpiece, and then clock gauge is measured the degree of depth of impression, obtains the hardness of measured workpiece.This qualimeter only can carry out vertical survey, and, in the process of mechanical transfer, owing to existing friction force exactly power not to be delivered to pressure head, so scleroscopic precision is poor.For example, Rockwell measuring instrument requires 150 kilograms, and concerning Laboratory Instruments, weighing of 150 kilograms is too heavy, and therefore deviser provides the weighing of 150 kilograms by lever for measuring instrument by 15 kilograms.As time goes on, can there is friction and wear in these mechanical parts, and the final power value producing will be inaccurate.
Indentation hardness measuring instrument is to be pressed into by measuring pressure head the hardness of measuring the degree of depth of sample or displacement and determine sample.In existing indentation hardness measuring instrument, there is the displacement that can relatively move between actual displacement and measured displacements to transmit mechanical part.So, relatively moving of these machineries causes at displacement measurement point and measures between sample friction and displacement error have occurred, and causes thus the repeatability of hardness measurement and accuracy destroyed.
As time goes on, these Weighing type qualimeters, because causing the use of modern FEEDBACK CONTROL closed-loop system, this system, their mechanical type inaccuracy comprises that a LOAD CELLS as a part for measurement means is for measuring the size of the power on measured workpiece that is applied in.
United States Patent (USP) 4435976 has been described a kind of Brinell hardness instrument of measuring and adjust application of force size by LOAD CELLS, and this patent has adopted a kind of backfeed loop for the auto-compensation impact on measuring accuracy such as such as temperature factor.
Another example is United States Patent (USP) 6142010, this patent Introduction one measure the use in Rockwell measuring instrument of the Control loop system of the application of force by LOAD CELLS.
Another one example is United States Patent (USP) 6247356, this patent Introduction one measure the use in micro-hardness measurement instrument of the Control loop system of the application of force by LOAD CELLS.
Another one example is United States Patent (USP) 8132447, this patent Introduction a kind of Universal testing machine, adopt on a framework and can select different measurement mechanisms to carry out hardness and force measurement.
Above qualimeter is all to adopt vertical survey structure, only can be used for testing laboratory, is not suitable for production environment, helpless for complex-shaped workpiece.
Another one example is United States Patent (USP) 7066013, this patent Introduction a kind of Portable hardness measuring instrument.Implementing when this patent, because the distributing position of sensor is incorrect and the mode of manual actuation, produce nonlinear measurement result, and measuring accuracy is poor.
Utility model content
In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present utility model is, provides a kind of user of permission to utilize polytype hardness test to detect and obtains the combined type qualimeter of material hardness highly accurately.This qualimeter is a kind of qualimeter that factory floor uses that is applicable to.This measuring instrument can be placed on any environment, any position, and this measuring instrument can carry out hardness measurement to the workpiece of various shapes in any direction, and has high work efficiency, reduces testing cost.
Another object of the present utility model is to provide a kind of qualimeter that also can automatically measure operation easy and simple to handle, highly accurate.
Another object of the present utility model is to provide a kind of qualimeter simple in structure, cheap, easy to maintenance.
For achieving the above object, the utility model proposes a kind of combined type qualimeter, comprise a measurement main body and a different set of framework, this measurement main body has a cavity and a locating slot, wherein, locating slot is for installing user according to the selected corresponding framework of measured workpiece; In described cavity, receive gauge head is housed, this gauge head comprises displacement measurement cover, be placed in this displacement measurement cover top force cell, be positioned at the driver plate of this force cell top, on the end face of force cell, be provided with the through hole passing for trundle, one end of this trundle contacts with displacement measurement cover, and its other end contacts with driver plate through through hole; In cavity, also receive motor is housed, the speed reduction unit that is connected with this motor, by the also screw rod of drive installation on bearing seat of this speed reduction unit deceleration, this screw rod is connected with gauge head and drives it to move.
Adopt said structure, because combined type qualimeter comprises a hardness measurement main body and multiple frame part, make user select corresponding framework according to measured workpiece, and be assembled into specific qualimeter with hardness measurement main body, can carry out hardness measurement to complex-shaped measured workpiece, the scope of application that has improved combined type qualimeter, has greatly met the requirement of user test.
Preferably, the cavity of measuring main body is mutually vertical with locating slot, locating slot is for installing different frameworks, the speed reduction unit that is fixed with motor in cavity, be connected with this motor, the screw rod that is slowed down and driven by this speed reduction unit, convert rotatablely moving of screw rod to rectilinear motion by the nut that is arranged on gauge head rear portion.
Preferably, speed reduction unit is epicyclic type device, and motor is connected with this speed reduction unit, is slowed down and drive screw by speed reduction unit.
Preferably, the gauge head of measurement main body comprises gauge head housing, force cell, displacement transducer, nut, displacement measurement cover, guide pin bushing and pressure head.
Preferably, in measurement main body, be provided with and adopt battery powered electronic system, because this electronic system adopts powered battery, facilitate user to carry and use.
Preferably, the measurement main body of measuring instrument also comprises the control circuit case that electronic system is housed, this electronic system comprises mobile control and drive system, data handling system, data presentation system and digital communication system, wherein, mobile control and drive system are a kind of figure automatic control systems of closed loop, and it makes the pressure head on gauge head exert pressure to measured workpiece and main shaft is moved forward and backward according to the measurement of force cell; The hardness of test is measured and calculate and analyzed to obtain to the impression that data handling system produces pressure head according to displacement transducer; Display system shows the result of surveying; Communication system is by wired or wireless data are sent to computing machine.
Preferably, described force cell is disc type resistance type sensor.
Preferably, the end face of described force cell is distributed with three through holes with the angle of 120 degree, is provided with and can relatively it makes axially movable trundle in each through hole, and one end of this trundle contacts with displacement measurement cover, and its other end contacts with driver plate.
Preferably, displacement transducer is capacitance type transducers, grating type sensor or linear differential variable transformer formula displacement transducer, and displacement transducer can directly be measured the depth of cup that pressure head forms on measured workpiece surface.
Adopt this structure, due to the displacement that displacement transducer can directly be measured pressure head and measured workpiece surface, this has just reduced the displacement error causing in displacement transmittance process, is conducive to ensure measuring accuracy.
Preferably, in guide pin bushing, be axially arranged with an endoporus along it, displacement measurement is sleeved in this endoporus, is equipped with one and can stretches into the jackscrew in endoporus perpendicular to its axial also jackscrew head that arranges in guide pin bushing; On displacement measurement cover external peripheral surface, circumferentially form a ring groove along it, there is a breach connecting with this ring groove in the rearward end of displacement measurement cover, jackscrew head only can enter ring groove through this breach, rotates a certain angle, and displacement measurement cover can be locked in guide pin bushing; The width of ring groove is greater than the width of jackscrew head, makes displacement measurement cover can carry out moving axially of small distance.
Preferably, displacement measurement cover has a cavity, and pressure head is received and is contained in this cavity, forms first step at the front end of this pressure head; In the cavity of displacement measurement cover, form second step, when pressure head moves axially in displacement measurement cover, first step is connected on second step avoids pressure head to deviate from from displacement measurement cover; Form a step in the rear end of pressure head the first spring is installed, this first spring makes the front end of pressure head outstanding from displacement measurement cover under normal conditions.
Preferably, displacement transducer comprises driver plate, is placed on this driver plate and the sensor axis being in contact with it and a pair of circular steel disc, the outer rim of this pair of circular steel sheet is fixed on the cavity inner wall of displacement transducer by nut, their core by self with hole be fixed on sensor axis, only move axially with the pore space structure limit sensor axle on it by a pair of circular steel disc that is fixed in sensor cavities inner edge, one end of sensor axis contacts with driver plate, and its other end contacts with spring base.
Preferably, displacement transducer also comprises two fixed electorde and the float electrodes that are fixed on sensor axis that are fixed in its cavity, in the time that sensor axis moves axially, this float electrode can move between two fixed electordes, form two electric capacity by above-mentioned fixed electorde and float electrode, the value of these two electric capacity moves with the position of sensor axis and changes, and difference and sensor axis displacement in the axial direction between these two electric capacity is proportional, is directly proportional again to pressure head in the degree of depth of the impression of measured workpiece.
Preferably, displacement transducer also comprises the electric capacity modulation circuit plate that is positioned at its cavity, capacitance signal can be converted into the simulating signal of amplification.
Preferably, nut is equipped with in rear end at the gauge head housing of gauge head, in this nut, be provided with a cavity, in this cavity, receive one second spring and a spring base are housed, the rear end of this spring base and the second spring contact, its front end contacts with sensor axis, and the second spring promotes displacement measurement cover by spring base, sensor axis, driver plate, trundle successively.
Preferably, framework is cylindricality framework, and this cylindricality framework is made up of box component, web joint, screw, anvil, the second nut and base, measures main body and is fixed on cylindricality framework by web joint; On box component, form equidistant slots, the positioning key on web joint can insert in any equidistant slots and be screwed on box component; Anvil is used for supporting measured workpiece, and its one end screws in the second nut being fixed on base.
Adopt said structure, can short distance adjust the distance between measured workpiece and pressure head, the distance that long distance is adjusted between measured workpiece and pressure head has been shifted one's position at box component by web joint.Column type framework not only can vertically be laid and measure with respect to ground level, also can with respect to ground level parallel lay and measure or arbitrarily direction lay.This has greatly met the requirement of user test.And traditional qualimeter has adopted long bolt jacking system, make the physical size overlength of measuring instrument and only can vertically lay, bring very large inconvenience to user.
Preferably, framework is the upswept frame with positioning key, and this positioning key inserts to be measured the locating slot of main body and is screwed in together, and upswept frame has a cavity coaxial with measurement main body, one self-centering anvil is housed in this cavity, and this self-centering anvil is made up of a hemisphere and a platform.
Preferably, framework is the thin walled tube gage frame by cylinder and L shaped system framework, and wherein, cylinder is fixed by screws on L shaped framework, has a positioning key on L shaped framework, and this positioning key inserts to be measured the locating slot of main body and is screwed in together.
In addition, the utility model also provides a kind of and has measured measured workpiece method by combined type qualimeter, and the method comprises the steps:
(a) user selects a kind of suitable framework according to measured workpiece, and this framework and hardness measurement main body are combined into a kind of specific qualimeter;
(b) measured workpiece is placed between the pressure head and anvil of qualimeter to starting qualimeter;
(c) control and drive systems motor and screw rod, the test procedure specifying according to ASTM standard, gauge head moves to measured workpiece, and pressure head is exerted pressure to measured workpiece and is obtained impression;
(d) impression that displacement transducer produces pressure head is measured, and data handling system is calculated and analyzed according to displacement sensor, obtains the hardness of test;
(e) data presentation system shows surveyed result, and digital communication system is sent to computing machine by wired for example USB or wireless for example Bluetooth data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the scheme of installation of qualimeter and cylindricality framework, is the first embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the cross section view of the measurement main body of qualimeter shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 be qualimeter shown in Fig. 1 measurement main body gauge head install view;
Fig. 4 is the view of displacement measurement cover, guide pin bushing and pressure head in the gauge head of qualimeter shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the gauge head of measurement main body of the qualimeter view before test;
Fig. 6 is that the gauge head of measurement main body of qualimeter is at the schematic diagram of preliminary checkout state;
Fig. 7 is the gauge head of the measurement main body of qualimeter applies initial test load schematic diagram to measured workpiece;
Fig. 8 is the gauge head of the measurement main body of qualimeter applies additional testing power schematic diagram to measured workpiece;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram with the qualimeter of upswept frame, is the second embodiment.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram with the qualimeter of thin walled tube gage frame, is the 3rd embodiment.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram with the qualimeter measurement large-scale workpiece of column type framework horizontal positioned, is the 4th embodiment.
Figure 12 is electronic circuit module and the principle schematic of the measurement main body of qualimeter.
For view convenience, list title and the code of all original papers in figure below.
Measure main body-10, column type framework-20, measured workpiece-30, cavity-100, gauge head-101, motor-102, speed reduction unit-103, bearing seat-104, screw rod-105, control circuit case-106, box component-201, web joint-202, screw-203, anvil-204, the second nut-205, base-206, upswept frame-400, cavity-401, positioning key-402, self-centering anvil-403, hemisphere-404, anvil-405, thin walled tube gage frame-500, cylinder-501, L shaped framework-502, positioning key-503, locating slot-114, gauge head housing-51, force cell-52, displacement transducer-53, nut-54, displacement measurement cover-55, pressure head-56, guide pin bushing-57, the first spring-58, jackscrew-59, jackscrew head-61, trundle-62, driver plate-63, sensor axis-64, round steel sheet-65, fixed electorde-66, float electrode-67, spring base-68, the second spring-69, electric capacity modulation circuit plate-49, second step-41, breach-42, ring groove-43, front end face-44, pressure head front end-45, first step-46, pressure head rear end-47, equidistant slots-48.
Embodiment
Below with reference to Fig. 1～Figure 12, the embodiment of combined type qualimeter described in the utility model is described in detail.
The utility model combined type qualimeter comprises a measurement main body 10 and a framing that can be connected with this measurement main body 10.Figure 1 shows that a kind of qualimeter forming by measuring main body 10 and cylindricality framework 20.As shown in Figure 1, cylindricality framework 20 is made up of box component 201, web joint 202, screw 203, anvil 204, the second nut 205 and base 206.Measuring main body 10 is fixed on framework 20 by web joint 202.On box component 201, be formed with equidistant slots 48, be provided with a positioning key at web joint 202, web joint 202 is inserted any equidistant slots 48 and is utilized screw 203 to be fixed on box component 201 by positioning key.Anvil 204 is for supporting measured workpiece 30, it is fixed on the second nut 205 on base 206 by being threaded into of its one end, adopt this structure short distance to adjust the distance between measured workpiece 30 and pressure head 56, the distance that long distance is adjusted between measured workpiece 30 and pressure head 56 completes in box component 201 up conversion positions by web joint 202.
As shown in Figure 2, measure main body 10 and comprise a cavity 100 and locating slot 114, cavity 100 is mutually vertical with 114 of locating slots.Wherein, locating slot 114 is for installing user according to the selected different framework of measured workpiece.Measure main body 10 and also comprise gauge head 101, motor 102, speed reduction unit 103, bearing seat 104, screw rod 105, wherein, motor 102, speed reduction unit 103, bearing seat 104 are fixed in cavity 100.Motor 102 connection reducers 103, after reduction of speed, drive screw 105, the nut 54 at gauge head 101 rear portions converts rotatablely moving of drive screw 105 to rectilinear motion.Gauge head 101 can move freely in cavity 100 front ends.Speed reduction unit 103 is epicyclic type devices.Measure main body 10 and also comprise control circuit case 106, mobile control and driving system circuit, data handling system circuit, data presentation system circuit and digital communication system circuit is housed in control circuit case 106.
As shown in Figure 3, gauge head 101 comprises gauge head housing 51, force cell 52, displacement transducer 53, nut 54, displacement measurement cover 55, guide pin bushing 57 and pressure head 56.In gauge head housing 51, have a cavity coaxial with pressure head 56, in cavity, receive guide pin bushing 57 is housed, a jackscrew 59 is installed on this guide pin bushing 57, in guide pin bushing 57, be formed with endoporus, displacement measurement cover 55 is arranged on this endoporus.
As shown in Figure 4, on the external peripheral surface of displacement measurement cover 55, be circumferentially with a ring groove 43 along it.Rearward end at displacement measurement cover 55 forms a breach 42 connecting with ring groove 43, and jackscrew head 61 only can enter ring groove 43 through this breach 42, rotates a certain angle, and displacement measurement cover 55 is locked in guide pin bushing 57.Because the width of ring groove 43 is greater than the width of jackscrew head 61, displacement measurement cover 55 can carry out moving axially of small distance, comes off in guide pin bushing 57 but jackscrew head 61 prevents displacement measurement cover 55.In displacement measurement cover 55, also have a cavity, pressure head 56 is installed in place in the cavity of shift measurement cover 55.Form first step 46 at pressure head 56 front ends, in the cavity of displacement measurement cover 55, form second step 41, be connected to by first step 46 on the step surface of second step 41 and make pressure head 56 overlap 55 interior moving axially at displacement measurement, prevent that pressure head 56 from coming off from displacement measurement cover 55.The rear end of pressure head 56 has a step, is set with one first spring 58 on this step, and under normal conditions, this first spring 58 makes pressure head front end 45 outstanding from displacement measurement cover 55.Pressure head front end 45 is cone point or sintered carbide balls that adamas 120 is spent, and pressure head 56 is coaxial with gauge head 101.
As shown in Figure 3, have a cavity coaxial with gauge head 101 in gauge head housing 51, be provided with force cell 52 in this cavity, this force cell 52 is a kind of disc type resistance type sensors.This force cell is well-known technology, here no longer narration.Along axially, on the end face of force cell 52, be distributed with three through holes with the angle of 120 degree, in each biography through hole, be provided with one and can make axially movable trundle 62, one end of this trundle 62 contacts with displacement measurement cover 55, and its other end contacts with driver plate 63.
In gauge head housing 51, there is a cavity coaxial with gauge head 101, in this cavity, be provided with displacement transducer 53, on this displacement transducer 53, be provided with driver plate 63, sensor axis 64 and two circular steel discs 65, the outer rim of these two circular steel discs 65 is fixed on the cavity inner wall of sensor 53 by nut, their core by self with hole be fixed on sensor axis 64.Prevent that by being fixed in the circular steel disc 65 of sensor cavities inner edge and the pore space structure on it thereby sensor axis 64 from doing radial motion and guaranteeing that sensor axis 64 only does axial displacement, adopt this structure to ensure the precision of displacement transducer 53.One end of sensor axis 64 contacts with driver plate 63, and its other end contacts with spring base 68.
Displacement transducer 53 further comprises that two are fixed on fixed electorde 66 in sensor cavities and one and are fixed on float electrode 67 on sensor axis 64.In the time that sensor axis 64 moves axially, float electrode 67 can move between two fixed electordes 66.Form two electric capacity by these two fixed electordes 66 and float electrode 67, the value of these two electric capacity moves with the position of sensor axis 64 and changes, and the difference between them and sensor axis 64 displacement are in the axial direction proportional.Meanwhile, the difference between two electric capacity is directly proportional to the degree of depth of the impression of pressure head front end 45 on measured workpiece 30 again.
Displacement transducer 53 further comprises an electric capacity modulation circuit plate 49 that is positioned at sensor cavities, and electric capacity modulation circuit plate 49 can be converted into capacitance signal the simulating signal of amplification.In addition, above-mentioned displacement transducer 53 also can replace with grating length measurement sensor or with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) formula displacement transducer.
The rear end of gauge head housing 51 is provided with the nut 54 coaxial with gauge head 101, in this nut 54, has a cavity, is provided with the second spring 69 and spring base 68 in this cavity, and the rear end of this spring base 68 contacts with the second spring 69, and its front end contacts with sensor axis 64.The second spring 69 promotes spring base 68, and spring base 68 promotes sensor axis 64, and sensor axis 64 promotes driver plate 63, and driver plate 63 promotes trundle 62, and trundle 62 promotes displacement measurement cover 55.In the time not measuring, displacement measurement cover 55 shifts out the certain distance of guide pin bushing 57, prevents that by jackscrew head 61 displacement measurement cover 55 from coming off in guide pin bushing 57, makes displacement measurement cover 55 keep normality.
Fig. 5～Fig. 8 is the measuring process schematic diagram that measuring instrument is carried out ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard.
Fig. 5 be qualimeter measurement main body 10 gauge head 101 do not have test before view.Under the promotion of the first spring 58, the outstanding displacement measurement cover 55 of pressure head front end 45.Under the promotion of the second spring 69, through spring base 68, displacement transducer axle 64, driver plate 63, trundle 62, displacement measurement overlaps axially shifting out from guide pin bushing 57 of 55 ultimate ranges, and this distance is limited by jackscrew head 61.
Fig. 6 is that the gauge head 101 of measurement main body 10 of qualimeter is at the schematic diagram of the state of preliminary checkout.In the time that motor 102 rotates by speed reduction unit 103 drive screw 105 inhours, the nut 54 of gauge head 101 makes gauge head 101 move to measured workpiece 30.Pressure head 56, displacement measurement cover 55, trundle 62, driver plate 63, sensor axis 64, spring base 68, the second spring 69 move together with gauge head 101.In the time that pressure head front end 45 touches measured workpiece 30, pressure head 56 no longer moves.Along with gauge head 101 continues mobilely, displacement measurement cover 55 continues to move to measured workpiece 30, until the front end face 44 of displacement measurement cover 55 with pressure head front end 45 on a plane, now, displacement measurement cover 55 and pressure head 56 no longer continue to move.Along with gauge head 101 moves to measured workpiece 30, trundle 62 contacts no longer mobile displacement measurement cover 55, and trundle 62, driver plate 63, sensor axis 64, spring base 68 all stop mobile, and compress the second spring 69.Due to the reacting force of the second spring 69, the front end face 44 of displacement measurement cover 55 clamps measured workpiece 30, and now, pressure head rear end 47 contacts force cell 52.
According to ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard, first measured workpiece 30 is applied to an initial test load F0.
Fig. 7 is the gauge head 101 of the measurement main body 10 of qualimeter applies initial test load F0 schematic diagram to measured workpiece 30.Motor 102 continues by speed reduction unit 103 drive screw 105 inhour rotations, continue measured workpiece 30 application of forces by the pressure head 56 of gauge head 101, pressure head rear end 47 is applied an equal reacting force force cell 52 is exerted pressure, force cell 52 has been measured this reacting force and has been fed back to mobile control and drive system, according to the feedback of force cell 52, motor 102 is continued measured workpiece 30 application of forces and is made acting force reach F0 by pressure head 56.Motor 102 stops driving, and according to ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard, stablizes a definite time.Displacement transducer 53 is measured the depth of cup of pressure head front end 45 on measured workpiece 30.
According to ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard, then measured workpiece 30 is applied to an additional testing power F1, make total test force F=F0+F1.
Fig. 8 is the gauge head 101 of the measurement main body 10 of qualimeter applies additional testing power F1 schematic diagram to measured workpiece 30.Motor 102 continues by speed reduction unit 103 drive screw 105 inhour rotations, continue measured workpiece 30 application of forces by the pressure head 56 of gauge head 101, pressure head rear end 47 is applied an equal reacting force force cell 52 is exerted pressure, and force cell 52 has been measured this reacting force and fed back to mobile control and drive system.According to the feedback of force cell 52, motor 102 is continued measured workpiece 30 application of forces and is made acting force reach F=F0+F1 by pressure head 56.Motor 102 stops driving, and according to ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard, stablizes a definite time.
According to ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard, then measured workpiece 30 reduced pressure and reduce to initial test load F0.
Motor 102 reverses, and by the positive hour hands rotation of speed reduction unit 103 drive screw 105, the nut 54 of gauge head 101 makes gauge head 101 mobile to measured workpiece 30 in the other direction.Pressure head 56 by gauge head 101 reduces pressure to measured workpiece 30, pressure head rear end 47 is applied an equal reacting force force cell 52 is reduced pressure, force cell 52 has been measured this reacting force and has been fed back to mobile control and drive system, according to the feedback of force cell 52, motor 102 continues measured workpiece 30 to reduce pressure by pressure head 56, and makes acting force reach F0.Motor stops driving, and according to ASTM E-18 rockwell hardness testing method standard, stablizes a definite time.Displacement transducer 53 is measured the depth of cup of pressure head front end 45 on measured workpiece 30 again.This depth of cup is that power F=F0+F1 forms.
Motor 102 continues by the positive hour hands rotation of speed reduction unit 103 drive screw 105, and the nut 54 of gauge head 101 makes gauge head 101 mobile to tested measured workpiece 30 in the other direction.Gauge head 101 returns to initial position and stops moving, and prepares test next time.
Data handling system is calculated and is analyzed according to displacement transducer 53 twice measured value, obtains the hardness of test.Data presentation system is surveyed result demonstration, and digital communication system is sent to computing machine and printer by wired for example USB or wireless for example Bluetooth data.
It should be noted that qualimeter shown in the utility model is knockdown, it comprises a different set of framework, and this framework has a variety of, and user can select corresponding framework according to different measured workpieces.For example microscler workpiece, short workpiece, interior hole shape workpiece, thin walled tube workpiece etc.
Figure 9 shows that the qualimeter with upswept frame 400.As shown in Figure 9, measure main body 10 and form Portable hardness measuring instrument with upswept frame 400.Upswept frame 400 has a positioning key 402, and the positioning key 402 of upswept frame 400 inserts to be measured the locating slot 114 of main body 10 and is screwed in together.Upswept frame 400 also has a cavity 401, and this cavity 401 is coaxial with the gauge head 101 of measuring main body 10.A self-centering anvil 403 is housed in cavity 401, no matter the shape at the back of measured workpiece 30 how, self-centering anvil 403 can ensure the measured surface of measured workpiece 30 and the front end face 44 of displacement measurement cover 55 is parallel and close contact, is conducive to ensure measuring accuracy.Self-centering anvil 403 is made up of a hemisphere 404 and a platform 405.According to the size of measured workpiece 30, upswept frame 400 has different sizes.
Figure 10 shows that the qualimeter with thin walled tube gage frame 500.As shown in figure 10, measure main body 10 and form portable tubular workpieces qualimeter with thin walled tube gage frame 500.Thin walled tube gage frame 500 is made up of cylinder 501 and L shaped framework 502, and cylinder 501 is fixed by screws on L shaped framework 502.L shaped framework 502 has a positioning key 503, and this positioning key 503 inserts in the locating slot 114 of measuring main body 10 and is screwed in together.
Figure 11 shows that the qualimeter with cylindricality framework, as to this creative measuring instrument cylindricality framework Figure 11 as shown in, the framework of column type not only can vertically be laid and measure with respect to ground, also can be with respect to parallel the laying and measuring in ground, or direction is laid arbitrarily.Adopt this structure, greatly met the requirement of user test, facilitated use.
Figure 12 is the circuit module schematic diagram of qualimeter.As shown in figure 12, one-chip computer is according to the measurement drive motor of force cell.The impression that displacement transducer produces pressure head is measured, and one-chip computer calculates and analyzes according to displacement sensor, obtains the hardness of test.Data presentation system is surveyed result demonstration, and digital communication system is sent to computing machine by wired for example USB or wireless for example Bluetooth data.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (18)
1. a combined type qualimeter, it is characterized in that, comprise measurement main body (10) and an a different set of framework, this measurement main body (10) has a cavity (100) and a locating slot (114), wherein, locating slot (114) is for installing user according to the selected corresponding framework of measured workpiece (30)
In described cavity (100), receive gauge head (101) is housed, this gauge head (101) comprises displacement measurement cover (55), be placed in this displacement measurement cover (55) top force cell (52), be positioned at the driver plate (63) of this force cell (52) top, on the end face of force cell (52), be provided with the through hole passing for trundle (62), one end of this trundle (62) contacts with displacement measurement cover (55), its other end contacts with driver plate (63) through through hole
In cavity (100), also receive motor (102) is housed, the speed reduction unit (103) that is connected with this motor (102), by the also screw rod (105) of drive installation on bearing seat (104) of this speed reduction unit (103) deceleration, this screw rod (105) is connected and drives it to move with gauge head (101).
2. combined type qualimeter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the cavity (100) of measuring main body (10) is mutually vertical with locating slot (114), and locating slot (114) is for installing different frameworks
The speed reduction unit (103) that is fixed with motor (102) in cavity (100), be connected with this motor (102), the screw rod (105) that is slowed down and driven by this speed reduction unit (103), convert rotatablely moving of screw rod (105) to rectilinear motion by the nut (54) that is arranged on gauge head rear portion.
3. combined type qualimeter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, speed reduction unit (103) is epicyclic type device, motor (102) is connected with this speed reduction unit (103), is slowed down and drive screw (105) by speed reduction unit (103).
4. combined type qualimeter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the gauge head (101) of measuring main body (10) comprises gauge head housing (51), force cell (52), displacement transducer (53), nut (54), displacement measurement cover (55), guide pin bushing (57) and pressure head (56).
5. combined type qualimeter according to claim 2, is characterized in that, is provided with and adopts battery powered electronic system in measurement main body (10).
6. combined type qualimeter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the measurement main body (10) of measuring instrument also comprises the control circuit case that electronic system is housed, this electronic system comprises mobile control and drive system, data handling system, data presentation system and digital communication system, wherein, mobile control and drive system are a kind of figure automatic control systems of closed loop, it makes the pressure head (56) on gauge head (101) exert pressure and main shaft is moved forward and backward measured workpiece (30) according to the measurement of force cell (52)
The hardness of test is measured and calculate and analyzed to obtain to the impression that data handling system produces pressure head (56) according to displacement transducer (53),
Display system shows the result of surveying,
Communication system is by wired or wireless data are sent to computing machine.
7. combined type qualimeter according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described force cell (52) is disc type resistance type sensor.
8. combined type qualimeter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the end face of described force cell (52) is distributed with three through holes with the angle of 120 degree, in each through hole, be provided with and can relatively it make axially movable trundle (62), one end of this trundle (62) contacts with displacement measurement cover (55), and its other end contacts with driver plate (63).
9. combined type qualimeter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, displacement transducer (53) is capacitance type transducers, grating type sensor or linear differential variable transformer formula displacement transducer, and displacement transducer (53) can directly be measured the depth of cup that pressure head (56) forms on measured workpiece (30) surface.
10. combined type qualimeter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in guide pin bushing (57), be axially arranged with an endoporus along it, displacement measurement cover (55) is contained in this endoporus, in guide pin bushing (57), be equipped with one and can stretch into the jackscrew (59) in endoporus perpendicular to its axial also jackscrew head (61) that arranges
On displacement measurement cover (55) external peripheral surface, circumferentially form a ring groove (43) along it, there is a breach (42) connecting with this ring groove (43) in the rearward end of displacement measurement cover (55), jackscrew head (61) only can enter ring groove (43) through this breach (42), rotate a certain angle, displacement measurement cover (55) can be locked in guide pin bushing (57)
The width of ring groove (43) is greater than the width of jackscrew head (61), makes displacement measurement cover (55) can carry out moving axially of small distance.
11. combined type qualimeters according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, displacement measurement cover (55) has a cavity, and pressure head (56) is received and is contained in this cavity, front end at this pressure head (56) forms first step (46)
In the cavity of displacement measurement cover (55), form second step (41), when pressure head (56) moves axially in displacement measurement cover (55), first step (46) is connected on second step (41) avoids pressure head (56) to deviate from from displacement measurement cover (55)
Form a step in the rear end of pressure head (56) the first spring (58) is installed, this first spring (58) makes the front end of pressure head (56) outstanding from displacement measurement cover (55) under normal conditions.
12. combined type qualimeters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, displacement transducer (53) comprises driver plate (63), be placed in sensor axis (64) and a pair of circular steel disc (65) that this driver plate (63) is gone up and is in contact with it, the outer rim of this pair of circular steel sheet (65) is fixed on the cavity inner wall of displacement transducer (53) by nut, their core by self with hole be fixed on sensor axis (64), by being fixed in a pair of circular steel disc (65) of sensor cavities inner edge and the pore space structure limit sensor axle (64) on it only moves axially, one end of sensor axis (64) contacts with driver plate (63), its other end contacts with spring base (68).
13. combined type qualimeters according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, displacement transducer (53) also comprises two fixed electorde (66) and the float electrodes (67) that are fixed on sensor axis (64) that are fixed in its cavity, in the time that sensor axis (64) moves axially, this float electrode (67) can move between two fixed electordes (66)
Form two electric capacity by above-mentioned fixed electorde (66) and float electrode (67), the value of these two electric capacity moves with the position of sensor axis (64) and changes, and difference and sensor axis (64) displacement in the axial direction between these two electric capacity is proportional, is directly proportional again to pressure head in the degree of depth of the impression of measured workpiece (30).
14. combined type qualimeters according to claim 12, is characterized in that, displacement transducer (53) also comprises the electric capacity modulation circuit plate (49) that is positioned at its cavity, capacitance signal can be converted into the simulating signal of amplification.
15. combined type qualimeters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the rear end of the gauge head housing (51) of gauge head (101), nut (54) is housed, in this nut (54), be provided with a cavity, in this cavity, receive one second spring (69) and a spring base (68) are housed, the rear end of this spring base (68) contacts with the second spring (69), its front end contacts with sensor axis (64), the second spring (69) is successively by spring base (68), sensor axis (64), driver plate (63), trundle (62) promotes displacement measurement cover (55).
16. combined type qualimeters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, framework is cylindricality framework (20), this cylindricality framework (20) is made up of box component (201), web joint (202), screw (203), anvil (204), the second nut (205) and base (206), measuring main body (10) is fixed on cylindricality framework (20) by web joint (202)
In the upper equidistant slots (48) that forms of box component (201), positioning key on web joint (202) can insert in any equidistant slots (48) and be fixed on box component (201) by screw (203)
Anvil (204) is for supporting measured workpiece (30), and its one end screws in the second nut (205) being fixed on base (206).
17. combined type qualimeters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, framework is for having the upswept frame (400) of positioning key (402), this positioning key (402) inserts to be measured the locating slot (114) of main body (10) and is screwed in together
Upswept frame (400) has a cavity (401) coaxial with measurement main body (10), one self-centering anvil (403) is housed in this cavity (401), and this self-centering anvil (403) is made up of a hemisphere (404) and a platform (405).
18. combined type qualimeters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, framework is the thin walled tube gage frame (500) being made up of cylinder (501) and L shaped framework (502), wherein, cylinder (501) is fixed by screws on L shaped framework (502), on L shaped framework (502), have a positioning key (503), this positioning key (503) inserts to be measured the locating slot (114) of main body (10) and is screwed in together.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420262989.9U CN203849120U (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2014-05-21 | Combined hardness measurement instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420262989.9U CN203849120U (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2014-05-21 | Combined hardness measurement instrument |
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| CN203849120U true CN203849120U (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201420262989.9U Withdrawn - After Issue CN203849120U (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2014-05-21 | Combined hardness measurement instrument |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105092399A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-25 | 吴绍明 | Combined hardness measuring instrument |
| CN105388060A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Millinewton-order instrumentation press-in instrument |
| CN105571963A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 湘潭大学 | Characterization method for hardness of electrode materials under combined action of electrochemistry and substrate effects |
| CN106153483A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2016-11-23 | 李子振 | A kind of durometer being applicable to rubber and operational approach thereof |
| CN106644211A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Force measuring device |
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2014
- 2014-05-21 CN CN201420262989.9U patent/CN203849120U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105092399A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-25 | 吴绍明 | Combined hardness measuring instrument |
| CN105092399B (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2018-02-06 | 吴绍明 | Combined type qualimeter |
| CN106644211A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Force measuring device |
| CN106644211B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2022-04-22 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Force measuring device |
| CN105388060A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Millinewton-order instrumentation press-in instrument |
| CN105388060B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-02-16 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | A kind of milli ox magnitude instrumentation press fit instrument |
| CN105571963A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 湘潭大学 | Characterization method for hardness of electrode materials under combined action of electrochemistry and substrate effects |
| CN106153483A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2016-11-23 | 李子振 | A kind of durometer being applicable to rubber and operational approach thereof |
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