CN203807412U - Nozzle for improving mixing and reaction of coal dust of gasifier - Google Patents

Nozzle for improving mixing and reaction of coal dust of gasifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203807412U
CN203807412U CN201420158421.2U CN201420158421U CN203807412U CN 203807412 U CN203807412 U CN 203807412U CN 201420158421 U CN201420158421 U CN 201420158421U CN 203807412 U CN203807412 U CN 203807412U
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China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
coal dust
angle
interior
vapourizing furnace
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN201420158421.2U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
史绍平
闫姝
任永强
李广宇
刘刚
李小宇
陈智
徐越
许世森
穆延非
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Abstract

The utility model provides a nozzle for improving mixing and reaction of coal dust of a gasifier. The nozzle comprises an outer water cooling drivepipe, an inner water cooling drivepipe, an outer ring spray head and an inner ring spray head which are coaxial from outside to inside, wherein the outer water cooling drivepipe and the inner water cooling drivepipe form a cooling water eduction channel, the inner water cooling drivepipe and the outer ring spray head form a cooling water lead-in channel, the outer ring spray head and the inner ring spray head form an outer ring channel, an inner ring channel is formed in the inner ring spray head, a front end water cooling chamber is arranged at the outlet of the cooling water eduction channel, and a plurality of hydrocyclones are symmetrically arranged at the outlet of the outer ring channel. By adopting the nozzle of the gasifier, the internal flow field of the gasifier is changed, so that the mixing of the coal dust and airflow is strengthened, the retention time of the particles is prolonged, and the conversion rate of carbon in the coal dust is improved finally.

Description

It is a kind of that for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction
Technical field
The utility model belongs to Coal Gasification Technology field, and particularly a kind of for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction.
Background technology
Coal has met nearly 30% disposable energy demand in the world, but a large amount of coal that uses has produced very large impact to ecotope.Pulverized coal gasification furnace is a kind of by by coal partial oxidation and further react the equipment of final preparation taking carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main component synthetic gas with other reaction mediums.By Development of Coal gasification technology, can alleviate the problem of environmental pollution that uses coal to bring, thereby it occupies critical role in Filter Tuber For Clean Coal industrial technology field.
Airflow bed gasification furnace is because suitability of fuel is good, operating temperature, pressure are high, and carbon turnover ratio is high, and gas deliverability is strong, the synthetic gas producing can be used for generating, production of chemicals and chemical fertilizer, synthetic various oil products or is converted to the reasons such as Sweet natural gas, has obtained applying widely both at home and abroad.
For airflow bed gasification furnace, in the time of given coal and granularity, can coal dust enter vapourizing furnace and fully react (being characterized by carbon turnover ratio) and mainly determined by two factors, and whether one have sufficiently high temperature of reaction, and whether another has the sufficiently long residence time.Temperature of reaction is conventionally by the decision of oxygen coal ratio, and for guaranteeing the highest cold gas efficiency, oxygen coal ratio can not be too high, thereby define temperature of reaction.The effective way that improves carbon turnover ratio so extend the particle residence time.
The prolongation residence time can realize by augmenting response device size, but this has also increased manufacturing cost simultaneously, feasible method is to optimize flowing of particle by reasonable design gasification nozzle more economically, coal dust can fully be mixed with high temperature gas flow, make full use of reactor volume to extend the residence time of particle.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of nozzle that mixes and react for improving vapourizing furnace coal dust, thereby change vapourizing furnace flow field by gasifying furnace nozzle design and strengthen mixing of coal dust and air-flow, extend the particle residence time, finally improve carbon turnover ratio in coal dust.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:
It is a kind of that for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, comprise coaxial outside water cold sleeve 1 from outer to inner, inner side water cold sleeve 4, outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and interior ring spray 10, between outside water cold sleeve 1 and inner side water cold sleeve 4, form water coolant and derive passage 2, between inner side water cold sleeve 4 and outer shroud shower nozzle 8, form water coolant introduction channel 7, between outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and interior ring spray 10, form outer ring channel 9, ring passage 11 in an interior ring spray 10 interior formation, water coolant is derived passage 2 exits and is provided with front end water cooling chamber 5, the exit of described outer ring channel 9 is symmetrically arranged with some swirlers 12.
Preferably, described outer shroud shower nozzle 8 front ends have interior convergence half-angle α, and interior ring spray 10 front end have outer convergence half-angle β, and interior convergence half-angle α is more than or equal to outer convergence half-angle β, and swirler 12 is arranged between interior convergence position and outer convergence position.
Preferably, described interior convergence half-angle α span is 5 °~50 °, and outer convergence half-angle β span is 5 °~50 °.
More preferably, described interior convergence half-angle α span is 20 °~30 °, and outer convergence half-angle β span is 20 °~30 °.
Preferably, described swirler 12 has two at least, and described swirler 12 is axial screw slot type or axial blade formula, and its external diameter equates with outer ring channel 9 internal diameters.
Preferably, described swirler 12 is 8~12, and in the time that swirler 12 is axial blade formula, its water conservancy diversion angle is 30 °~60 °.
Preferably, the diameter of described interior ring passage 11 is d, and between outer ring channel 9 exit end cross sections and interior ring passage 11 exit end cross sections, distance is a and a < 2d, and the size of d is determined by vapourizing furnace capacity.More preferably, a < d.
Preferably, described front end water cooling chamber 5 comprises that being communicated with water coolant derives the cooling exterior passage way 3 of spray nozzle front end of passage 2 and the cooling interior passageway 6 of spray nozzle front end of connection water coolant introduction channel 7.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
(1) in outer shroud channel outlet section, swirler is housed, the vaporized chemical air-flow swirler of flowing through before being sprayed by outer ring channel obtains high speed rotating energy, the vaporized chemical of rotation ejection has very large tangential velocity at nozzle exit, its rotation times in same volume vapourizing furnace is increased, the path propagation passing through, gas phase turbulent fluctuation is violent, thereby not only improve the mixed effect of itself and coal dust, and extend it simultaneously and carried the time that coal dust stops in vapourizing furnace, the time with on space, fully contacted and reacted with coal dust, improve the available gas content in carbon turnover ratio and syngas product.
(2) in outer shroud shower nozzle, restrain half-angle and interior ring spray head is restrained half-angle outward by suitably arranging, make outer ring channel outlet shrink and tilt to central zone, spray angle (overlap ratio in order to increasing with coal dust jeting area) and the spray configuration (in order to expand the spray regime of vaporized chemical) of vaporized chemical be can control, mixing and the collision of vaporized chemical and coal dust strengthened.
(3) between the tail end section of outer ring channel and the tail end section of interior ring passage, certain distance is set, makes to form between coal dust shower nozzle and vaporized chemical shower nozzle small-sized premix chamber.Because coal dust and vaporized chemical in premix chamber can mix in advance, be equivalent to extend the mixing duration of contact of coal dust and vaporized chemical, increase the mixing contact area of coal dust and vaporized chemical, thereby improved the turnover ratio of carbon in coal dust.
(4) the utility model belongs to gasification nozzle device, by swirler is set, extend outer shroud shower nozzle and rationally arrange and in outer shroud shower nozzle, restrain half-angle and interior ring spray head and restrain half-angle outward and realize fully mixing and reaction of coal dust and vaporized chemical, reach the object of lifting carbon turnover ratio and available gas composition.
(5) the utility model is simple in structure, and without the difficulty in any operation and control, duration is strong, can on the basis of original gasification nozzle, transform easily, and the cost of effectively reducing investment outlay, promotes power station or chemical plant economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model structural representation.
Embodiment
Describe embodiment of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model is a kind of, and for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, comprise coaxial outside water cold sleeve 1 from outer to inner, inner side water cold sleeve 4, outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and interior ring spray 10, between outside water cold sleeve 1 and inner side water cold sleeve 4, form water coolant and derive passage 2, between inner side water cold sleeve 4 and outer shroud shower nozzle 8, form water coolant introduction channel 7, between outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and interior ring spray 10, form outer ring channel 9, ring passage 11 in an interior ring spray 10 interior formation, water coolant is derived passage 2 exits and is provided with front end water cooling chamber 5, outer shroud shower nozzle 8, interior ring spray 10 and outer ring channel 9 have formed the main body of nozzle.Between outer ring channel 9 exit end cross sections and interior ring passage 11 exit end cross sections, spacing is 50 μ m, and outer shroud shower nozzle 8 front ends have interior convergence half-angle α=30 °, and interior ring spray 10 front end have outer convergence half-angle β=25 °.
Be symmetrically arranged with 8 swirlers 12 in the exit of outer ring channel 9, swirler 12 is arranged between interior convergence position and outer convergence position, and its external diameter equates with outer ring channel 9 internal diameters, and two ends are connected to respectively outer shroud shower nozzle 8 inner sides and interior ring spray 10 outside.Swirler 12, for water conservancy diversion angle is the axial blade formula structure of 45 °, can be also spiral groove type structure.Between outside water cold sleeve 1, inner side water cold sleeve 4, front end water cooling chamber 5 and swirler 12, the space of formation has formed the circulating water cooling system of nozzle, front end water cooling chamber 5 is positioned at spray nozzle front end, and front end water cooling chamber 5 comprises that being communicated with water coolant derives the cooling exterior passage way 3 of spray nozzle front end of passage 2 and the cooling interior passageway 6 of spray nozzle front end of connection water coolant introduction channel 7.
By said nozzle structure, for vapourizing furnace, corresponding gasification process process is as follows:
Fuel cluster (carbonaceous solid particulates and carrier gas, or carbonaceous gas) sprays into vapourizing furnace by interior ring spray 10 from interior ring passage 11 enters;
Vaporized chemical enters from outer ring channel 9, obtains high speed rotating energy in exit by swirler 12, and under a ring spray 8 interior convergence half-angle and an interior ring spray 10 outer convergence half-angle co-controlling, presses certain angle ejection outside.Owing to having certain distance between the exit end cross section of outer ring channel 9 and the exit end cross section of interior ring passage 11, therefore it has formed a small-sized premix chamber.The vaporized chemical of fuel and rotation can carry out pre-mixing in chamber, to promote fuel and the vaporized chemical mixing gasifying effect in vapourizing furnace.Abundant mixed fuel reacts with vaporized chemical generating gasification, generates the high syngas product of available gas content.Nozzle recirculated cooling water enters the cooling interior passageway 6 of spray nozzle front end by water coolant introduction channel 7, derives passage 2 flow out after the cooling exterior passage way 3 of the spray nozzle front end of flowing through from water coolant.Spray nozzle front end water cooling chamber 5 is not burnt at high temperature for cooling protection gasification nozzle, with prolonging nozzle work-ing life.
Method of the present utility model, adopts described device can generate the synthetic gas that available gas content is high.Described carbonaceous solids can be coal, refinery coke, biomass etc., carbonaceous gas can be Sweet natural gas or unconventional gas, carrier gas can be nitrogen, water vapor, CO2, synthetic gas or their gas mixture, and vaporized chemical can be oxygen, water vapor, CO2 or their gas mixture.
The utility model nozzle is by having installed equally distributed swirler 12 at the outlet section of outer ring channel 9, thereby extend the length of outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and front end cooling room 5 thereof, be rationally provided with the interior convergence half-angle of outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and an interior ring spray 10 outer convergence half-angle simultaneously.Swirler 12 can make the vaporized chemical air-flow of ejection obtain the energy of rotation, thereby in time and on space, strengthen mixing collision effect between vaporized chemical and coal dust; Extend outer shroud shower nozzle 8 length and make to form small-sized premix chamber between outer ring channel 9 exit end cross sections and interior ring passage 11 exit end cross sections, thus the premixing effect of enhancing coal dust and vaporized chemical; The interior convergence half-angle of an outer shroud shower nozzle 8 and interior ring spray 10 outer convergence half-angle are rationally set to control spray angle and the spray configuration of vaporized chemical, reach the object fully contacting with coal dust.
For further verifying effect of the present utility model, the at home seat of honour 250,000 multikilowatt integrated gasification gas steam combined cycle generating set---on the double-section dry coal powder pressurized-gasification furnace that Tianjin, Huaneng Group IGCC adopts, carry out inner experiment.Designing 15%, two section of charging capacity that two sections of coal feeding amounts account for total coal feeding amount is 11.87t/h.In the time of this coal feeding amount operating mode, the efficiency of carbon conversion of two sections is about 50%, and unreacted carbon after dry method dust unit is collected, enters coal pulverizer through flying dust recirculation line with flying dust, and raw coal reenters one section of reaction zone of vapourizing furnace after mixing and reacts.As moved vapourizing furnace according to method of design, gasification efficiency is higher, and efficiency of carbon conversion is higher, but dry method dust unit load is heavier, and system operation is more complicated.Therefore, while normally operation in factory, adopt another operation scheme, control two sections of efficiency of carbon conversion more than 80%, as benchmark two sections of coal dusts of many inputs as far as possible.According to actual operating data, be 3.0MPag at vapor pressure, when temperature is 1500 DEG C, for ensureing efficiency of carbon conversion, throw coal general control at 3~4t/h for two sections, lower than two sections of coal feeding amounts of design.If adopt this patent gasification nozzle, under ensureing that two sections of efficiency of carbon conversion are higher than 80% condition, two sections of input coal dust amounts can increase, and then improve integrated gasification efficiency, reduce the load of downstream units, and performance driving economy and reliability are all had to very large benefit.
Experimental result shows, under identical gasification condition and ensure that two sections of efficiency of carbon conversion are more than 80%, the coal dust amount of two sections of inputs can increase by 2~3t/h, significantly better than the gasification result before transformation not.

Claims (9)

1. a nozzle that mixes and react for improving vapourizing furnace coal dust, comprise coaxial outside water cold sleeve (1) from outer to inner, inner side water cold sleeve (4), outer shroud shower nozzle (8) and interior ring spray head (10), between outside water cold sleeve (1) and inner side water cold sleeve (4), form water coolant and derive passage (2), between inner side water cold sleeve (4) and outer shroud shower nozzle (8), form water coolant introduction channel (7), between outer shroud shower nozzle (8) and interior ring spray head (10), form outer ring channel (9), ring passage (11) in forming in interior ring spray head (10), water coolant is derived passage (2) exit and is provided with front end water cooling chamber (5), it is characterized in that, the exit of described outer ring channel (9) is symmetrically arranged with some swirlers (12).
It is 2. according to claim 1 that for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that, described outer shroud shower nozzle (8) front end has interior convergence half-angle α, interior ring spray head (10) front end has outer convergence half-angle β, and interior convergence half-angle α is more than or equal to outer convergence half-angle β, swirler (12) is arranged between interior convergence position and outer convergence position.
3. according to claim 2 for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that, described interior convergence half-angle α span is 5 °~50 °, and outer convergence half-angle β span is 5 °~50 °.
4. according to claim 2 for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that, described interior convergence half-angle α span is 20 °~30 °, and outer convergence half-angle β span is 20 °~30 °.
5. according to the nozzle that mixes and react for improving vapourizing furnace coal dust described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described swirler (12) has two at least, described swirler (12) is axial screw slot type or axial blade formula, and its external diameter equates with outer ring channel (9) internal diameter.
6. according to claim 5 for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that, described swirler (12) is 8~12, and in the time that swirler (12) is axial blade formula, its water conservancy diversion angle is 30 °~60 °.
It is 7. according to claim 1 that for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described interior ring passage (11) is d, between outer ring channel (9) exit end cross section and interior ring passage (11) exit end cross section, distance is a and a < 2d, and the size of d is determined by vapourizing furnace capacity.
8. according to claim 7 for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that a < d.
It is 9. according to claim 1 that for improving, vapourizing furnace coal dust mixes and the nozzle of reaction, it is characterized in that, described front end water cooling chamber (5) comprises that being communicated with water coolant derives the cooling exterior passage way of spray nozzle front end (3) of passage (2) and the cooling interior passageway of spray nozzle front end (6) of connection water coolant introduction channel (7).
CN201420158421.2U 2014-04-02 2014-04-02 Nozzle for improving mixing and reaction of coal dust of gasifier Expired - Lifetime CN203807412U (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103937554A (en) * 2014-04-02 2014-07-23 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Nozzle for increasing carbon conversion rate of pulverized coal entrained-bed gasifier
GB2551135A (en) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-13 Energy Tech Institute Llp High temperature multiphase injection device
CN109954475A (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-02 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 A kind of dry process UO2Nozzle during powder technology
CN110079363A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-08-02 中国寰球工程有限公司 Petroleum coke high-temperature gasification nozzle

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103937554A (en) * 2014-04-02 2014-07-23 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Nozzle for increasing carbon conversion rate of pulverized coal entrained-bed gasifier
GB2551135A (en) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-13 Energy Tech Institute Llp High temperature multiphase injection device
CN109954475A (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-02 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 A kind of dry process UO2Nozzle during powder technology
CN110079363A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-08-02 中国寰球工程有限公司 Petroleum coke high-temperature gasification nozzle
CN110079363B (en) * 2019-04-04 2024-02-20 中国寰球工程有限公司 Petroleum coke high-temperature gasification nozzle

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Granted publication date: 20140903