CN203786025U - A device for online detection of pesticide concentration - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及农药浓度在线检测装置，尤其属于植物保护领域和传感器技术领域。 The utility model relates to an on-line detection device for pesticide concentration, and particularly belongs to the field of plant protection and the technical field of sensors.
背景技术 Background technique
混药是机械化施药的第一步，传统的预混药方式是施药人员事先计算农药量，由人来混药至均匀，但是如果计算量和实际用量有误差的话就存在农药的浪费、污染环境的现象，而且混药时施药人员直接接触到农药存在中毒隐患的问题。在线混药实现药箱和水箱分开 Mixing is the first step in mechanized pesticide application. In the traditional premixing method, the sprayer calculates the amount of pesticide in advance and mixes the pesticide until it is uniform. However, if there is an error between the calculated amount and the actual amount, there will be waste of pesticides. The phenomenon of polluting the environment, and when the pesticides are mixed, the sprayers are directly exposed to the problem of pesticide poisoning. On-line drug mixing realizes the separation of the medicine box and the water tank
可以有效的解决预混药存在的问题，在线混药装置可以实现农药浓度按需改变，在病虫害严重区域提高药液浓度，在病虫害较轻区域降低药液浓度，达到根据病虫害程度按需混药。 It can effectively solve the problems of pre-mixed medicine. The online mixing device can realize the change of pesticide concentration on demand, increase the concentration of liquid medicine in areas with severe pests and diseases, and reduce the concentration of liquid medicines in areas with light diseases and insect pests, so as to achieve on-demand mixing according to the degree of diseases and insect pests. .
要实现农药浓度按需改变，这就要求一种能够在线检测农药浓度的装置，该装置采集浓度信号作为反馈控制药流量，本发明针对这种要求，设计了一种混药浓度在线检测的装置及其方法，可以实现对光照区域内的一片混药浓度的在线实时检测。这种在线混药浓度测量装置与单片机开发板组合，还可以实现农药浓度的实时显示。可以用来作为混药装置性能的评价检测装置。 In order to change the pesticide concentration on demand, this requires a device that can detect the pesticide concentration on-line. The device collects the concentration signal as a feedback to control the drug flow. In response to this requirement, the present invention designs a device for online detection of the concentration of the mixed drug. The invention and the method thereof can realize the online real-time detection of the concentration of a piece of mixed medicine in the illumination area. The combination of this online mixed drug concentration measuring device and the single-chip microcomputer development board can also realize the real-time display of the pesticide concentration. It can be used as an evaluation and detection device for the performance of a drug mixing device.
在对现有液体浓度检测的检索中，申请者发现申请日期1996.3.25 申请号96208109.4中国专利《液体浓度光电在线检测传感器》和申请日期为2008.1.16，申请号200810019185.5 的中国专利《液体浓度检测装置及检测方法》都是利用不同浓度的溶液具有不同折光率的特点检测浓度，申请日期 2011.11.18，申请号 201110367027.0的中国专利《激光混药浓度在线检测的方法及其装置》提出根据不同浓度溶液折光率不同的特点，结合激光技术，提出了一种使用激光作为光源来实现混药浓度在线监测的装置。但是上述几种检测方法检测的仅仅是浓度场空间中光线走过的单点的浓度信息，而非混药区域的浓度信息。申请日期2010.12.24 申请号 201010603080.1中国专利《液体混合浓度场检测方法》可以对混合区域浓度进行检测，但需要利用CCD照相机再进行图像处理，还需要示踪粒子，技术复杂。申请日 2010.05.18，申请号201010176201.9中国专利《用于对液体浓度进行连续监测的光学检测装置》外别的都不能对一片混合区域浓度进行检测，但需要步进电机控制光程差，结构复杂且不能对混药浓度进行在线检测。 In the search for the existing liquid concentration detection, the applicant found that the application date was 1996.3.25, the application number 96208109.4 Chinese patent "Liquid Concentration Photoelectric On-line Detection Sensor" and the application date was 2008.1.16, the application number 200810019185.5 Chinese patent "Liquid Concentration Detection The device and detection method" all use the characteristics of different concentrations of solutions to detect the concentration. The application date is 2011.11.18 and the application number is 201110367027.0. The Chinese patent "On-line detection method and device for laser mixed drug concentration" proposes to detect the concentration according to different concentrations Due to the different characteristics of the solution's refractive index, combined with laser technology, a device that uses laser as a light source to realize the online monitoring of the mixed drug concentration is proposed. However, the above detection methods only detect the concentration information of a single point where the light passes through in the concentration field space, not the concentration information of the drug mixing area. Application date 2010.12.24 Application number 201010603080.1 Chinese patent "Detection method of liquid mixed concentration field" can detect the concentration of the mixed area, but it needs to use CCD camera for image processing and tracer particles, which is complicated technology. Application date 2010.05.18, application number 201010176201.9 Chinese patent "Optical detection device for continuous monitoring of liquid concentration" can not detect the concentration of a mixed area, but it needs a stepping motor to control the optical path difference, and the structure is complex And can not carry out on-line detection to the mixed drug concentration.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对已有发明的缺点，本实用新型根据不同浓度农药吸光度不同的特点，结合CCD传感器，提出了一种使用LED平行光源，CCD传感器接收光来实现对光照区域的一片混药浓度在线监测的装置。 Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing inventions, the utility model proposes a device that uses LED parallel light sources and the CCD sensor receives light to realize online monitoring of a piece of mixed drug concentration in the illuminated area, according to the characteristics of different absorbances of different concentrations of pesticides, combined with a CCD sensor .
本实用新型依据的原理为朗伯比尔定律：当一束均匀平行的单色光通过吸光物质溶液后，光的吸光度与溶液液层厚度和溶液浓度的乘积成正比，即： The principle of the utility model is Lambert-Beer's law: when a beam of uniform parallel monochromatic light passes through the light-absorbing substance solution, the light absorbance is proportional to the product of the solution liquid layer thickness and solution concentration, that is:
A=lg(I0/I) =adc （1） A=lg(I 0 /I) =adc (1)
A为吸光度， I0为入射光强度， I为透射光强度，d为液层厚度，c为溶液浓度，a为比例常数。 A is the absorbance, I0 is the incident light intensity, I is the transmitted light intensity, d is the thickness of the liquid layer, c is the solution concentration, and a is the proportionality constant.
使用CCD传感器进行测定光强时，I0、I分别改称为所要测的入射光灰度值g0和它穿过样品后的透射光灰度值g，A就称为光密度OD，式（1）可改写为 When using a CCD sensor to measure the light intensity, I 0 and I are respectively renamed as the gray value of the incident light to be measured g 0 and the gray value of the transmitted light after it passes through the sample g, A is called the optical density OD, the formula ( 1) can be rewritten as
OD=lg(g0/g) （2） OD=lg(g 0 /g) (2)
在X-Y平面上对某点(x,y)来讲,取一个无限小区域(x→x+dx,y→y+dy),式（2）可以改写为 For a point (x, y) on the X-Y plane, take an infinitely small area (x→x+dx, y→y+dy), formula (2) can be rewritten as
OD(x,y)=lg(go(x,y)/g(x,y))=adc （3） OD(x,y)=lg(g o (x,y)/g(x,y))=adc (3)
式（3）可以改写为 Equation (3) can be rewritten as
lg[g0(x,y)]-lg[g(x,y)]=adc (4) lg[g 0 (x,y)]-lg[g(x,y)]=adc (4)
由于入射光灰度值一定，所以lg[g0(x,y)]一定，所以c与透射光灰度值g(x,y)成对应关系。我们可以预先配置好包含纯水在内浓度等差递增的该农药若干份，在最佳的LED光源供电电压下，用调好最佳曝光时间的CCD传感器测出其每个农药浓度对应的g(x,y)值，制出g(x,y)-C标准曲线图，然后通过在线检测未知农药浓度下的g(x,y)值，来对应g(x,y)-C标准曲线图，快速得到该农药浓度。 Since the gray value of the incident light is constant, lg[g 0 (x, y)] is constant, so c has a corresponding relationship with the gray value of the transmitted light g(x, y). We can pre-configure several portions of the pesticide with increasing concentrations including pure water, and under the optimal LED light source power supply voltage, use the CCD sensor with the optimal exposure time to measure the g corresponding to the concentration of each pesticide. (x, y) value, make a g(x, y)-C standard curve diagram, and then detect the g(x, y) value under the unknown pesticide concentration online to correspond to the g(x, y)-C standard curve Figure, quickly get the pesticide concentration.
本发明设计的一种在线检测农药浓度的装置，包括稳压电源11、运放电路8、单片机9，还包括LED平行光源1、透明流道2、混药出口3、外壳4、凸透镜5、CCD传感器7、混药进口10组成；其特征在于：LED平行光源1垂直照射流道2且有稳压电源11供电；CCD传感器7与LED平行光源1和凸透镜5在一条中心线上，CCD传感器7与运放电路8连接，再与单片机连接，单片机对CCD传感器7进行信号采集；LED平行光源1和外壳4是卡口连接，凸透镜5与CCD传感器7组成光强接收系统6，光强接收系统6和外壳4是卡口连接；透明流道2、混药进口10和混药出口3均用用高透光性耐高压塑料制成；外壳4由不透光材料做成。 A device for on-line detection of pesticide concentration designed by the present invention includes a stabilized power supply 11, an operational amplifier circuit 8, a single-chip microcomputer 9, and also includes an LED parallel light source 1, a transparent flow channel 2, a drug mixing outlet 3, a casing 4, a convex lens 5, Composed of CCD sensor 7 and drug mixing inlet 10; it is characterized in that: LED parallel light source 1 vertically illuminates flow channel 2 and is powered by a stabilized power supply 11; CCD sensor 7 is on a center line with LED parallel light source 1 and convex lens 5, and the CCD sensor 7 is connected with the operational amplifier circuit 8, and then connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer carries out signal acquisition to the CCD sensor 7; The system 6 and the shell 4 are connected by a bayonet; the transparent flow channel 2, the mixed drug inlet 10 and the mixed drug outlet 3 are all made of high-transparency and high-pressure-resistant plastic; the shell 4 is made of opaque material.
CCD传感器7为一个光电二极管阵列，包括线性CCD传感器和面阵CCD。 The CCD sensor 7 is a photodiode array, including a linear CCD sensor and an area array CCD.
LED平行光源1是由发光二极管和灯罩组成，额定工作电压2.7~3.5V，发白光，可以通过改变稳压电压大小来调节LED平行光源1光强大小，LED平行光源1光强调节范围8000~14000mcd。当测量浓度较小的农药溶液时调整稳压电压使LED平行光源1光强较小，当测量浓度较大的农药溶液时调整稳压电压至LED平行光源1光强较大。 LED parallel light source 1 is composed of light-emitting diodes and lampshades. The rated working voltage is 2.7~3.5V, and it emits white light. The light intensity of LED parallel light source 1 can be adjusted by changing the voltage of the stabilized voltage. 14000mcd. When measuring the pesticide solution with a small concentration, adjust the stabilized voltage so that the light intensity of the LED parallel light source 1 is small;
CCD传感器7曝光时间可调，范围为33.75μs~100ms，当测量浓度较小的农药溶液时将曝光时间调小，当测量浓度较大的农药溶液时将曝光时间调大。可与改变稳压电源电压大小配合使用。 The exposure time of CCD sensor 7 is adjustable, ranging from 33.75 μs to 100 ms. When measuring a pesticide solution with a small concentration, the exposure time is adjusted to a small value, and when a pesticide solution with a high concentration is measured, the exposure time is increased. It can be used in conjunction with changing the voltage of the regulated power supply.
用该装置进行农药浓度检测时，R1=4.7KΩ ,R=10KΩ，R3=1KΩ，C1=1nF，C2=100nF，LMV358为放大元件。1为输入端，5为输出端。 When using this device for pesticide concentration detection, R1=4.7KΩ, R=10KΩ, R3=1KΩ, C1=1nF, C2=100nF, and LMV358 is the amplifying element. 1 is the input terminal and 5 is the output terminal.
在采用该装置实现农药浓度在线检测前先制定农药浓度标准曲线图。具体步骤为： Before using the device to realize the online detection of pesticide concentration, a standard curve chart of pesticide concentration is drawn up. The specific steps are:
第一步：打开该农药浓度在线检测装置，调整最佳的LED平行光源供电电压和CCD的曝光时间。最佳的LED平行光源供电电压和CCD的曝光时间是指能使CCD传感器的每个像素都处于非饱和但又无限接近饱和状态时的LED平行光源供电电压和CCD的曝光时间； Step 1: Turn on the pesticide concentration online detection device, and adjust the optimal LED parallel light source power supply voltage and CCD exposure time. The best LED parallel light source supply voltage and CCD exposure time refer to the LED parallel light source supply voltage and CCD exposure time when each pixel of the CCD sensor is in a non-saturated but infinitely close to saturation state;
第二步：配置浓度等差递增的农药若干份；一般为十份。 Step 2: Configure several parts of pesticides with increasing concentration; generally ten parts.
第三步：将其中一份农药与水混合后通过混药进口10流入透明流道2中，LED平行光源1照射透明流道2； Step 3: After mixing one part of the pesticide with water, it flows into the transparent flow channel 2 through the mixing inlet 10, and the LED parallel light source 1 illuminates the transparent flow channel 2;
第四步：CCD传感器7吸收凸透镜5折射的光，将产生的信号通过放大电路放大后传递给单片机；单片机记录该信号为g(x,y)0； The 4th step: CCD sensor 7 absorbs the light that convex lens 5 refracts, and the signal that produces is passed to single-chip microcomputer after amplifying through amplifying circuit; The single-chip microcomputer records this signal as g(x, y) 0 ;
为了减少误差，单片机可连续采集100次，记录相应的100次信号，g(x,y)0取其平均值。单片机采集的是数据是所有像素点灰度值得和； In order to reduce the error, the single-chip microcomputer can continuously collect 100 times, record the corresponding 100 times of signals, and take the average value of g(x,y) 0 . The data collected by the microcontroller is the sum of the gray values of all pixels;
第五步：对剩余的不同浓度的农药依次按照上述第三步至第四步的方法操作，获得各自对应的信号值g(x,y)i（i>0）；最终得到一张灰度值g(x,y)i与浓度c相对应的关系表； Step 5: For the remaining pesticides with different concentrations, operate according to the method from the third step to the fourth step above, and obtain the corresponding signal values g(x,y) i (i>0); finally get a gray scale The relationship table corresponding to the value g(x,y) i and the concentration c;
第六步：运用回归拟合法得到灰度值g(x,y)i与浓度c的关系式，建立模型。 Step 6: Use the regression fitting method to obtain the relationship between the gray value g(x, y) i and the concentration c, and establish a model.
采用该装置实现农药浓度在线检测的方法： The method of using the device to realize the online detection of pesticide concentration:
第一步：使待测未知浓度农药通过混药进口10，从透明流道2持续通过； The first step: make the pesticide with unknown concentration to be tested pass through the mixed drug inlet 10, and continuously pass through the transparent flow channel 2;
第二步：LED平行光源1照射透明流道2，CCD传感器7接受凸透镜5折射的光信息，转变为电信号经过放大电路传递给单片机； The second step: the LED parallel light source 1 illuminates the transparent flow channel 2, and the CCD sensor 7 receives the light information refracted by the convex lens 5, and converts it into an electrical signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer through the amplifying circuit;
第三步：单片机将该信号值带入模型，实时计算出该未知溶液的浓度值。 Step 3: The single-chip microcomputer brings the signal value into the model, and calculates the concentration value of the unknown solution in real time.
本发明的有益效果是：结构简单、成本低、反应速度快、能连续在线检测光照的一片区域内混药浓度等。 The beneficial effects of the invention are: simple structure, low cost, fast response speed, continuous on-line detection of mixed drug concentration in an illuminated area, and the like.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本浓度检测装置的结构示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concentration detection device.
图2是光通过吸光物质的示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of light passing through a light-absorbing substance.
图3是运放电路。 Figure 3 is the operational amplifier circuit.
图中，1—LED平行光源，2—透明流道，3—混药出口，4—外壳，5—凸透镜，6—光强接收装置，7—CCD传感器，8—运放电路，9—单片机，10—混药进口，11—稳压电源。 In the figure, 1—LED parallel light source, 2—transparent flow channel, 3—mixing drug outlet, 4—shell, 5—convex lens, 6—light intensity receiving device, 7—CCD sensor, 8—operation amplifier circuit, 9—single chip microcomputer , 10—mixed drug import, 11—regulated power supply.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.
本实用新型设计的一种在线检测农药浓度的装置，包括稳压电源11、运放电路8、单片机9，还包括LED平行光源1、透明流道2、混药出口3、外壳4、凸透镜5、CCD传感器7、混药进口10组成；其特征在于：LED平行光源1垂直照射流道2且有稳压电源11供电；CCD传感器7与LED平行光源1和凸透镜5在一条中心线上，CCD传感器7与运放电路8连接，再与单片机连接，单片机对CCD传感器7进行信号采集；LED平行光源1和外壳4是卡口连接，凸透镜5与CCD传感器7组成光强接收系统6，光强接收系统6和外壳4是卡口连接；透明流道2、混药进口10和混药出口3均用用高透光性耐高压塑料制成；外壳4由不透光材料做成。 A device for on-line detection of pesticide concentration designed by the utility model includes a stabilized power supply 11, an operational amplifier circuit 8, a single-chip microcomputer 9, and also includes an LED parallel light source 1, a transparent flow channel 2, a drug mixing outlet 3, a casing 4, and a convex lens 5 , CCD sensor 7, mixed drug inlet 10; it is characterized in that: LED parallel light source 1 vertically irradiates flow channel 2 and is powered by regulated power supply 11; CCD sensor 7 is on a center line with LED parallel light source 1 and convex lens 5, and CCD The sensor 7 is connected with the operational amplifier circuit 8, and then connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer carries out signal acquisition to the CCD sensor 7; the LED parallel light source 1 and the shell 4 are bayonet-connected, and the convex lens 5 and the CCD sensor 7 form the light intensity receiving system 6, and the light intensity The receiving system 6 and the shell 4 are bayonet-connected; the transparent flow channel 2, the mixed drug inlet 10 and the mixed drug outlet 3 are all made of high-transparency and high-pressure-resistant plastic; the outer shell 4 is made of opaque material.
CCD传感器7为一个光电二极管阵列，包括线性CCD传感器和面阵CCD。 The CCD sensor 7 is a photodiode array, including a linear CCD sensor and an area array CCD.
LED平行光源1是由发光二极管和灯罩组成，额定工作电压2.7~3.5V，发白光，可以通过改变稳压电压大小来调节LED平行光源1光强大小，LED平行光源1光强调节范围8000~14000mcd。当测量浓度较小的农药溶液时调整稳压电压使LED平行光源1光强较小，当测量浓度较大的农药溶液时调整稳压电压至LED平行光源1光强较大。 LED parallel light source 1 is composed of light-emitting diodes and lampshades. The rated working voltage is 2.7~3.5V. It emits white light. The light intensity of LED parallel light source 1 can be adjusted by changing the stabilized voltage. 14000mcd. When measuring the pesticide solution with a small concentration, adjust the stabilized voltage so that the light intensity of the LED parallel light source 1 is small;
CCD传感器7曝光时间可调，范围为33.75μs~100ms，当测量浓度较小的农药溶液时将曝光时间调小，当测量浓度较大的农药溶液时将曝光时间调大。可与改变稳压电源电压大小配合使用。 The exposure time of CCD sensor 7 is adjustable, ranging from 33.75 μs to 100 ms. When measuring a pesticide solution with a small concentration, the exposure time is adjusted to a small value, and when a pesticide solution with a high concentration is measured, the exposure time is increased. It can be used in conjunction with changing the voltage of the regulated power supply.
在采用该装置实现农药浓度在线检测前先制定农药浓度标准曲线图。具体步骤为： Before using the device to realize the online detection of pesticide concentration, a standard curve chart of pesticide concentration is drawn up. The specific steps are:
第一步：打开该农药浓度在线检测装置，调整最佳的LED平行光源供电电压和CCD的曝光时间。最佳的LED平行光源供电电压和CCD的曝光时间是指能使CCD传感器的每个像素都处于非饱和但又无限接近饱和状态时的LED平行光源供电电压和CCD的曝光时间； Step 1: Turn on the pesticide concentration online detection device, and adjust the optimal LED parallel light source power supply voltage and CCD exposure time. The best LED parallel light source supply voltage and CCD exposure time refer to the LED parallel light source supply voltage and CCD exposure time when each pixel of the CCD sensor is in a non-saturated but infinitely close to saturation state;
第二步：配置浓度等差递增的农药若干份； Step 2: Configure several batches of pesticides with increasing concentrations;
第三步：将其中一份农药与水混合后通过混药进口10流入透明流道2中，LED平行光源1照射透明流道2； Step 3: After mixing one part of the pesticide with water, it flows into the transparent flow channel 2 through the mixing inlet 10, and the LED parallel light source 1 illuminates the transparent flow channel 2;
第四步：CCD传感器7吸收凸透镜5折射的光，将产生的信号通过放大电路放大后传递给单片机；单片机记录该信号为g(x,y)0； The 4th step: CCD sensor 7 absorbs the light that convex lens 5 refracts, and the signal that produces is passed to single-chip microcomputer after amplifying through amplifying circuit; The single-chip microcomputer records this signal as g(x, y) 0 ;
为了减少误差，单片机可连续采集100次，记录相应的100次信号，g(x,y)0取其平均值。单片机采集的是数据是所有像素点灰度值得和； In order to reduce the error, the single-chip microcomputer can continuously collect 100 times, record the corresponding 100 times of signals, and take the average value of g(x,y) 0 . The data collected by the microcontroller is the sum of the gray values of all pixels;
第五步：对剩余的不同浓度的农药依次按照上述第三步至第四步的方法操作，获得各自对应的信号值g(x,y)i（i>0）；最终得到一张灰度值g(x,y)i与浓度c相对应的关系表； Step 5: For the remaining pesticides with different concentrations, operate according to the method from the third step to the fourth step above, and obtain the corresponding signal values g(x,y) i (i>0); finally get a gray scale The relationship table corresponding to the value g(x,y) i and the concentration c;
第六步：运用回归拟合法得到灰度值g(x,y)i与浓度c的关系式，建立模型。 Step 6: Use the regression fitting method to obtain the relationship between the gray value g(x, y) i and the concentration c, and establish a model.
采用该装置实现农药浓度在线检测的方法： The method of using the device to realize the online detection of pesticide concentration:
第一步：使待测未知浓度农药通过混药进口10，从透明流道2持续通过； The first step: make the pesticide with unknown concentration to be tested pass through the mixed drug inlet 10, and continuously pass through the transparent flow channel 2;
第二步：LED平行光源1照射透明流道2，CCD传感器7接受凸透镜5折射的光信息，转变为电信号经过放大电路传递给单片机； The second step: the LED parallel light source 1 illuminates the transparent flow channel 2, and the CCD sensor 7 receives the light information refracted by the convex lens 5, and converts it into an electrical signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer through the amplifying circuit;
第三步：单片机将该信号值带入模型，实时计算出该未知溶液的浓度值。 Step 3: The single-chip microcomputer brings the signal value into the model, and calculates the concentration value of the unknown solution in real time.
本实用新型的有益效果是：结构简单、成本低、反应速度快、能连续在线检测光照的一片区域内混药浓度等。 The beneficial effects of the utility model are: simple structure, low cost, fast response speed, continuous on-line detection of mixed drug concentration in an area illuminated, and the like.
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| CN105234826A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-13 | 重庆大学 | Downhole confining pressure abrasive material jet flow simulation experimental device and method |
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