CN203732742U - Code excited high-accuracy rainfall measurement system - Google Patents
Code excited high-accuracy rainfall measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN203732742U CN203732742U CN201420074515.1U CN201420074515U CN203732742U CN 203732742 U CN203732742 U CN 203732742U CN 201420074515 U CN201420074515 U CN 201420074515U CN 203732742 U CN203732742 U CN 203732742U
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- rainfall
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an code excited high-accuracy rainfall measurement system comprising a mechanical structure portion and a measurement control circuit portion. The mechanical portion comprises a rain collector, and a measurer. The rain collector is arranged on the upper end of the measurer and used to send the collected rainwater to the bottom portion of the measurer through a pipeline. The control circuit portion comprises an air temperature detection unit, an ultrasonic detection unit, a water temperature detection unit, a control unit, a calculation control drive unit and an information output unit. The rainfall measurement structure of the utility model is simple and has advantages of convenient installation and convenient user utilization, and at the same time, remote measured data transmission is adopted, so advantages of high automation degree, good anti-interference performance and reduced maintenance can be realized, and the advantage of large continuous rainfall observation range can be realized, an infinite value can be reached in theory, and compared with other ultrasonic rainfall measuring devices of the same kind, the advantage of small size can be realized, and the snowfall water equivalent in winter can be measured.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of rainfall measurement system, particularly a kind of rainfall measurement system that adopts the high accuracy that excites of coding.
Background technology
At present, the rainfall scope that the departments such as meteorology, agricultural, the hydrology are used is all generally traditional tipping-bucket rain-gauge or siphon rainfall recorder, their structures are relatively simple, but existence is subject to, and rainwater intensity effect is large, the measuring accuracy of rainfall amount is not high, cannot carry out the problems such as remote data transmission, particularly in the time of rainstorm weather, the frequent test leakage of meeting, can not provide data accurately.In addition, traditional rain gage can only measure the amount of rainfall, and does not measure the function of snowfall water equivalent.
Utility model content
For addressing the above problem, the utility model discloses a kind of rainfall measurement system that adopts the high accuracy that excites of coding.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides following technical scheme: a kind of rainfall measurement system that adopts the high accuracy that excites of coding, comprise physical construction part and circuit of measurement and control part, mechanical part comprises rain trap and measuring appliance, described rain trap is arranged on the upper end of measuring appliance, and by pipeline, the rainwater of collection is sent into the bottom of described measuring appliance; Described control circuit part comprises temperature detecting unit, ultrasound examination unit, water temperature detecting unit, control module, calculating control driver element and information output unit.
As a kind of improvement of the present utility model, described rain trap lower end is provided with rain trap drain gully, in described measuring appliance, be provided with cone barrel structure, at the bottom of the cone of described cone barrel structure, be arranged at the bottom of rain trap water outlet, cone barrel structure opening will be immersed in below the lowest water level of measuring appliance bottom.
As a kind of improvement of the present utility model, rain trap water delivering orifice be provided with water faucet structure, water nozzle and rain trap are tightly connected, and water nozzle water delivering orifice extends to be measured near wall vertically downward and is connected with downpipe, and described downpipe extends to below the lowest water level of measuring appliance bottom.
As a kind of improvement of the present utility model, be provided with moisturizing solenoid valve and drain solenoid valve in the bottom of described measuring appliance, described moisturizing solenoid valve and drain solenoid valve are by circuit of measurement and control control.
As a kind of improvement of the present utility model, in described rain trap, be provided with filter screen, and be provided with netted heater strip on described filter screen.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
Rainfall measurement of the present utility model is simple in structure, easy for installation, user-friendly, by adopting, remote measurement data transmission, automaticity are high simultaneously, strong interference immunity, reduced maintenance, and continuous rainfall observation range is large, it is unlimited to reach in theory, compares other similar ultrasonic rainfall measuring device volumes little, can measure the snowfall water equivalent in winter.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the physical construction schematic diagram of the utility model taper tubular structure.
Fig. 2 is systematic survey control circuit block diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is the course of work process flow diagram of system of the present utility model.
When Fig. 4 is signal to noise ratio snr scope for-10dB ~ 10dB, adopt relevant treatment and auto-adaptive filtering technique to carry out comparison diagram before and after measuring error correction.
When Fig. 5 gets various durations for receiving signal, adopt error matched curve method correction front and back comparison diagram.
Fig. 6 is that rainfall amount liquid level changes analogous diagram.
Fig. 7 is that rainfall water discharge changes analogous diagram.
Fig. 8 is rainfall amount analogous diagram.
Fig. 9 is the measurement result table when receiving signal amplitude and duration and changing simultaneously.
Figure 10 is actual acquired data and the rear measuring error data result contrast table of correction.
Figure 11 is another embodiment physical construction schematic diagram of the utility model.
Embodiment
Technical scheme the utility model being provided below with reference to specific embodiment is elaborated, and should understand following embodiment and only be not used in restriction scope of the present utility model for the utility model is described.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the encode physical construction schematic diagram of rainfall measurement system of the high accuracy that excites of employing of the present utility model, comprises rain trap 1, filter screen 2, connecting link 4, cone barrel structure 8 and measuring appliance 9.Rain trap 1 is arranged on the upper end of measuring appliance 9, cone barrel structure 8 is arranged in described measuring appliance 9 and is arranged on the lower end of rain trap drain gully 3, cone barrel structure 8 is connected with rain trap drain gully 3 by connecting link 4, at the bottom of the cone of cone barrel structure 8, be arranged at rain trap drain gully 3 places, cone barrel structure opening is immersed in below the lowest water level of measuring appliance 9 bottoms.The rainwater that rain trap 1 is collected flows down between the inwall of cone barrel structure 8 and measuring appliance 9 by rain trap drain gully 3 after filter screen 2 filters, gap size between the inwall of the outer wall of taper tubular structure 8 and measuring appliance 9 calculates according to maximum instantaneous rainfall amount, the lowest water level that is immersed in measuring appliance 9 bottoms due to cone barrel structure opening is below 11, so just can reduce the fluctuation that liquid level produces, ensure the accuracy of measuring.Further by netted heater strip 21 is set on filter screen, can be for the measurement of Winter Snow water equivalent.
System also comprises transducer mount 5, air-temperature sensor 6, ultrasonic transducer 7, cooling-water temperature sensor 12, ultrasonic transducer 7 use transducer mounts 5 are fixed on measuring appliance 9 tops, ultrasonic transducer 7 is launched the rainwater surface that ultrasound wave to measuring appliance 9 is assembled, and receives the ultrasound wave reflecting; The temperature sensor 12 of the air-temperature sensor 6 of the interior measurement atmospheric temperature of measuring appliance 9 and detection water temperature; Air-temperature sensor 6 is placed on transducer mount 5, tables look-up according to temperature, determines hyperacoustic velocity of propagation; Cooling-water temperature sensor 12 is placed in measuring appliance bottom, detects water temperature, avoids winter rainwater to freeze.
Closer, be provided with moisturizing solenoid valve 13 and drain solenoid valve 15 in the bottom of described measuring appliance 9.Moisturizing solenoid valve 13 and drain solenoid valve 15 are all placed in measuring appliance 9 vertex of a cone exits, and moisturizing solenoid valve 13 is not raining for a long time, realize automatic water supplement function when rainwater evaporates completely in measuring appliance.
As shown in Figure 2, circuit of measurement and control comprises: temperature detecting unit, ultrasound examination unit, water temperature detecting unit, control module, calculating control driver element and information output unit etc.Temperature detecting unit is for detection of atmospheric temperature in measuring appliance, so that correction ultrasonic velocity, its another effect is in the lump for water temperature control with water temperature detecting unit, prevent that in measuring appliance bucket in winter, rainwater freezes, the composition of temperature and water temperature detecting unit comprises the modules such as temperature sensor, signal conditioning circuit, ADC; Ultrasound detection circuit is the major part of measuring, and for measuring rainfall increment, lowest water level and peak level etc., its ingredient comprises ultrasonic transducer, Waveform generating circuit, radiating circuit, receiving circuit, signal condition and treatment circuit, ADC etc.; Control module is mainly used in controlling temperature, water temperature, the highest lowest water level, rainfall measurement and calculation of parameter, for heating, the control of draining and moisturizing, comprise well heater, draining and moisturizing switch, driving circuit, electric heater (silk) and draining moisturizing solenoid valve etc.; Calculate control driver element and mainly form (CPLD or FPGA) by single-chip microcomputer or logical control device; Information output unit is mainly used in metrical information (rainfall) and status information to be delivered on request automatic weather station, carries out informix, is to be mainly made up of RS-485 data-interface.
As shown in Figure 3, workflow of the present utility model comprises:
1), after system powers on, system starts self-check program, completes the process of self-test to system;
2) while measurement, first detect the atmospheric temperature in measuring appliance bucket at every turn, calculate ultrasonic velocity modified value;
3) transmitting, reception Barker code coding ultrasound wave through signal condition and signal processing unit, and are sent into calculation control unit after ADC sampling, calculate height of water level and rainfall increment;
4) measurement result can show through LCDs, shows 1 minute rainfall amount, 1 hourly rainfall depth, 12 hours, 24 hourly rainfall depths, exports data and inputs to automatic weather station by RS-485;
5), in the time that sensed water level reaches or exceed the peak level of default, system starts drain solenoid valve, carries out storm-water drainage;
6) in the time that sensed water level meets or exceeds the lowest water level of default, system closing drain solenoid valve;
7) in the time there is negative growth in sensed water level, show without rainfall, rainwater is evaporated, and when water level occurs that negative growth is extremely lower than lowest water level certain value continuously, system starts moisturizing solenoid valve, carries out moisturizing value lowest water level line;
8) when atmospheric temperature is equal to or less than 0 while spending, system starts the rainwater in measuring appliance bucket to heat, to ensure that barrel interior rainwater does not freeze, and in the time reaching design temperature, stops heating;
9) when atmospheric temperature is equal to or less than 0 while spending, whether system prompt carries out the mensuration of snowfall water equivalent, if needed, artificially starts snowfall water equivalent monitoring facilities, and netted heating wire heats so that snow melt, system measurement snowmelt equivalent;
The formula of the Barker code coded excitation signal adopting is:
，
Wherein A is the amplitude transmitting,
the carrier frequency that transmits,
for its complex envelope,
for amplitude modulation(PAM) function or be called PCM envelope, hypothesis herein
for rectangular function, phase function
, known binary sequence
,
that length is
rectangular function,
be code length, the complex envelope of Coded Signals can be write as again:
Survey the echoed signal formula obtaining after liquid level:
Wherein
the receiving signal delayed time of ultrasound wave,
pit is amplitude attenuation factor.
Echoed signal is output as through pulse pressure is after treatment:
Pulse pressure output signal can be expressed as again:
Wherein
,
for signal
related function, write as:
for signal
related function, write as:
If along time delay
axle cuts, and obtains related function and is:
In formula
Order
Wherein,
for pulse compression response function.
The echoed signal of Barker code coding has drawing pin characteristic and higher main secondary lobe ratio after pulse pressure is processed, and pulse pressure peak point after treatment is corresponding to the transit time
, can obtain now sonac to the distance of liquid level
,
for the speed of ultrasonic propagation, obtain the now height of liquid level
, can try to achieve the current water yield:
, wherein,
it is measuring appliance bottom area.
Situation one: when the time of setting
in moment, when liquid level does not reach maximum water level:
According to the liquid level of twice ultrasonic measurement in front and back, can obtain very easily the rainfall amount within the time interval of twice measurement specifying,
Situation two: when the time of setting
in moment, when liquid level reaches maximum water level:
Determine: ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasound wave, the rainwater surface of collecting from measuring appliance is returned, and can record liquid level and be
;
Then: open drain solenoid valve, and measure at the appointed time current liquid level in interval and be
(the level gauging interval between drainage period is conventionally smaller, such as 1s measures, to accurately calculate water discharge), if
, inflow
; If
, now can calculate the Water in Rainwater Drainage void volume of measuring in bucket according to front and back liquid level difference
,
, in the time that liquid level reaches lowest water level line, close drain solenoid valve.Wherein, water discharge can draw according to the formula in physics:
Last: according to the time of setting
in the moment, establish
inferior inflow is
, draining altogether
inferior, the inflow of discharging outside rainfall measurement system container is
; The intrasystem rainfall of current rainfall measurement is
,
rainfall amount in second is:
Measuring error improvement method of the present utility model is:
In the whole link of ultrasound wave Precipitation measurement system from transmitting terminal to receiving end, ultrasound wave is propagating and the factor such as non-linear of acoustic wave energy decay in object procedure, noise, ultrasound wave itself of clashing into all can be on the waveform generation impact of echoed signal, introducing measuring error.Therefore, the utility model, from two aspect analysis corrections measuring error, causes by noise the measuring error that receives signal amplitude change and produce on the one hand, on the other hand by receiving the measuring error changing signal duration and produce.
On the one hand: while receiving signal amplitude change, the measuring error causing
Adopt correlation processing technique to carry out denoising Processing to echoed signal, reduce measuring error, obtain the height on accurate rainwater surface.Suppose that the noise interferences of introducing at receiving end is
, and with transmit
uncorrelated, choose
as with reference to signal, now, the echoed signal receiving at receiving end is:
Transmitted
with reception signal
convolution and be:
The amplitude of its convolution signal is relevant with the amplitude of transmitting, reception signal, and the variation of signal amplitude produces " pseudo-peak " phenomenon possibly, makes signal peak value point depart from original position, now carries out relevant treatment, tries to achieve related function and is:
Carry out the estimation of echoed signal waveform, obtain the corresponding transit time according to the peak point of related function
, calculate the height on rainwater surface
.
Two aspects: receive while variation signal duration the measuring error causing
The method that adopts least square fitting graph of errors, reduces measuring error, obtains the height on accurate rainwater surface.Foundation
the phase function of position Barker code signal
meet
, suppose in echoed signal that the duration of useful signal is disturbed the transit time side-play amount causing and be
, now, echoed signal is
, echoed signal is carried out after time domain energy compression processing, its energy mainly concentrates on
arrive
in moment, At All Other Times in signal energy be approximately 0, and the corresponding time of Signal for Pulse peak point institute with
relevant.According to measuring error matched curve function
the duration of middle useful signal changes the measuring error causing and revises to received signal, obtains the level gauging margin of error
, wherein,
for the measuring error matched curve coefficient of actual acquired data, calculate the height value on rainwater surface
.
Measuring error correction simulation analysis
If temperature is 28 DEG C; The velocity of sound is 348m/s; Centre frequency transmits
; Bandwidth
; Sampling rate
; Barker code is long
, symbol width
.In the time receiving signal amplitude change, suppose that in reception signal, adding average is 0, the method for the white Gaussian noise that variance is 1 is simulated the coded pulse wave-shape amplitude subtle change of useful signal, ensures that echoed signal institute's duration is constant simultaneously.The value range of signal to noise ratio snr is
.First adopt adaptive whitening wave filter, utilize the guestimate value of the echoed signal of each iteration to replace actual exact value, echoed signal is carried out to waveform estimation, suitable sef-adapting filter weighting coefficient selected in front summary
and the coefficient of performance
, to improve measurement result accuracy, then carry out relevant treatment and accurately estimate the transit time, can obtain the comparison diagram of measuring error correction front and back, as Fig. 4.As can be seen from the figure, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is
time, revise the less measuring error of simultaneously revising front and back of pre-test error and differ small; Signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is
time, revise pre-test error deviation larger, adopt the revised measuring error of relevant treatment to improve better.Find out that thus it is effective that the utility model adopts the modification method of measuring error in reception signal amplitude change situation, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio situation, effect is better, but in the time that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is too low, the measuring error modification method the utility model proposes is just no longer applicable.
When receiving signal duration while changing, suppose that echoed signal noiseless disturbs, wide when the waveform of the coded pulse in the small change echoed signal of the method for different reception signal duration is set.The variation range that receives the useful signal duration in signal is
.First carry out to received signal envelope detection, then envelope is carried out to smoothing processing, then the envelope signal waveform in get-3dB, last carry out relevant treatment with transmitting, obtain transit time TOF accurately, calculate the measuring error under the duration different condition that receives useful signal in signal, adopt the method for measuring error matched curve to carry out the correction of error, comparison diagram before and after the correction obtaining, as Fig. 5.As can be seen from the figure, receiving signal duration different in the situation that, graph of errors is adopted to least square fitting, can improve the measuring accuracy of ultrasound wave Precipitation measurement system.
In the time receiving signal amplitude and receive in signal that the useful signal duration changes simultaneously, establish signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) for-10dB ,-5dB, 0dB, receives signal duration variable quantity and is
, adopt above-mentioned signal processing method, measurement result is carried out to correcting process, contrast table before and after obtaining revising, as Fig. 9.In form from Fig. 9, can find out, certain in signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), when in reception signal, the useful signal duration changes, measuring error is relatively revised front data and is made moderate progress; Certain signal duration in reception, when signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) changes, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher, and measuring error is relatively little, but measuring error is improved DeGrain, and in the time that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is lower, it is better that measuring error is improved effect.
2. actual liquid level image data measuring error correction analysis
If temperature is 28 DEG C; The velocity of sound is 348m/s; Centre frequency transmits
; Bandwidth
; Sampling rate
; Barker code is long
, symbol width
.Get different liquid levels, take multiple measurements, adopt the measuring error modification method the utility model proposes to gather liquid level data to actual measurement and carry out error correction, it revises front and back result contrast table, as shown in figure 10.In form from Figure 10, can find out, adopt the measuring error modification method the utility model proposes, can effectively improve liquid level measurement precision, improve the accuracy of Precipitation measurement.
Embodiment 2:
All the other contents and embodiment 1 are roughly the same, and difference is that rain trap drain gully 3 adopts water faucet structure, and as shown in figure 11, water nozzle and rain trap are tightly connected, and water nozzle 16 and rain trap 1 water delivering orifice are processed into one or are connected by the welding mode such as rivet.Water nozzle water delivering orifice extends near measuring appliance 9 walls vertically downward and is connected with downpipe 17, and described downpipe 17 extends to below the lowest water level of measuring appliance 9 bottoms, the fluctuation producing to reduce liquid level.
The disclosed technological means of the utility model scheme is not limited only to the disclosed technological means of above-mentioned embodiment, also comprises the technical scheme being made up of above technical characterictic combination in any.
Claims (5)
1. one kind adopts the rainfall measurement system of the high accuracy that excites of coding, comprise physical construction part and circuit of measurement and control part, it is characterized in that: mechanical part comprises rain trap and measuring appliance, described rain trap is arranged on the upper end of measuring appliance, and by pipeline, the rainwater of collection is sent into the bottom of described measuring appliance; Described control circuit part comprises temperature detecting unit, ultrasound examination unit, water temperature detecting unit, control module, calculating control driver element and information output unit.
2. a kind of rainfall measurement system that adopts the high accuracy that excites of coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rain trap lower end is provided with rain trap drain gully, in described measuring appliance, be provided with cone barrel structure, at the bottom of the cone of described cone barrel structure, be arranged at the bottom of rain trap water outlet, cone barrel structure opening is immersed in below the lowest water level of measuring appliance bottom.
3. a kind of rainfall measurement system that adopts the high accuracy that excites of coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: rain trap water delivering orifice be provided with water faucet structure, water nozzle and rain trap are tightly connected, water nozzle water delivering orifice extends to be measured near wall vertically downward and is connected with downpipe, and described downpipe extends to below the lowest water level of measuring appliance bottom.
4. adopt the rainfall measurement system of the high accuracy that coding excites according to a kind of described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: be provided with moisturizing solenoid valve and drain solenoid valve in the bottom of described measuring appliance, described moisturizing solenoid valve and drain solenoid valve are by circuit of measurement and control control.
5. a kind of rainfall measurement system that adopts the high accuracy that excites of coding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described rain trap, be provided with filter screen, and be provided with netted heater strip on described filter screen.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420074515.1U CN203732742U (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2014-02-21 | Code excited high-accuracy rainfall measurement system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420074515.1U CN203732742U (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2014-02-21 | Code excited high-accuracy rainfall measurement system |
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| CN203732742U true CN203732742U (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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ID=51202804
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104483718A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-04-01 | 宁波工程学院 | High-precision rainfall measuring instrument |
| CN106443837A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-02-22 | 西安科技大学 | Mine ground security monitoring device |
| CN109283599A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-29 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of round-the-clock anti-blocking rain gage bucket |
| WO2019090391A1 (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-16 | Rubicon Research Pty Ltd | Rain gauge/weather station |
| CN110632682A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Intelligent rainfall information detection device and method |
| CN113031115A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-25 | 国家海洋标准计量中心 | Deep and far sea resistance type precipitation measuring device and method based on satellite communication positioning |
-
2014
- 2014-02-21 CN CN201420074515.1U patent/CN203732742U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104483718A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-04-01 | 宁波工程学院 | High-precision rainfall measuring instrument |
| CN104483718B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-06-06 | 宁波工程学院 | A kind of high accuracy rainfall measurement instrument |
| CN106443837A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-02-22 | 西安科技大学 | Mine ground security monitoring device |
| WO2019090391A1 (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-16 | Rubicon Research Pty Ltd | Rain gauge/weather station |
| CN111727382A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2020-09-29 | 鲁比康研究有限公司 | Rain gauge/weather station |
| US11531139B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2022-12-20 | Rubicon Research Pty Ltd | Rain gauge for measuring rain fall in an automatic weather station having an ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving acustic signals into measurement chamber and programmable to determine water level in measurement chamber |
| CN109283599A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-29 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of round-the-clock anti-blocking rain gage bucket |
| CN110632682A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Intelligent rainfall information detection device and method |
| CN113031115A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-25 | 国家海洋标准计量中心 | Deep and far sea resistance type precipitation measuring device and method based on satellite communication positioning |
| CN113031115B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-09-13 | 国家海洋标准计量中心 | Deep and far sea resistance type precipitation measuring device and method based on satellite communication positioning |
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