CN203720032U - 颗粒流调节位移均布加载试验装置 - Google Patents

颗粒流调节位移均布加载试验装置 Download PDF

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CN203720032U
CN203720032U CN201320784422.3U CN201320784422U CN203720032U CN 203720032 U CN203720032 U CN 203720032U CN 201320784422 U CN201320784422 U CN 201320784422U CN 203720032 U CN203720032 U CN 203720032U
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steel plates
rectangular steel
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王树仁
保罗·黑根
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Abstract

一种能够进行岩石类材料矩形板弯曲试验的均布加载试验装置,该装置主要由三部分组合而成:一块能够传递外荷载的矩形钢板(1)、一个矩形钢板框架(2)和钢球颗粒集合体(3)。借助于该加载装置,能够实现对单一厚板、单一薄板、以及厚板与薄板多种组合形式的均布加载试验研究。

Description

颗粒流调节位移均布加载试验装置
所属技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种板的弯曲试验均布加载装置,尤其是矿山岩石力学领域进行岩石类材料矩形板的弯曲试验均布加载。 
背景技术
近些年来,由于我国大量民营和个体煤矿的介入,造成浅部煤炭资源掠夺性乱采、乱挖,形成了数量和范围难以统计的大量浅层采空区隐患工程(一般采深与采厚比小于30)。随着可利用土地资源的日益减少,许多煤矿采空区逐渐被列为工业和民用建筑场地,一些公路、桥梁、隧道工程等建(构)物不得不跨越浅部采空区。 
地下煤炭资源采出后,浅部采空区上覆岩体产生应力重分布、导致地表产生附加移动和变形,致使地表建(构)筑物沉降、局部开裂、倾斜、直至倒塌等,严重影响和危害着采空区上方建(构)筑物的规划、建设及安全运营。 
下伏浅部采空区顶板岩层厚度,是露天开采至关重要的安全保障。在采空区上方露天台阶开挖过程中,作业人员和露天大型采掘设备,随时都可能落入采空区内,导致人员伤亡和财产损失。因此,合理确定下伏采空区顶板的安全隔离厚度,对露天矿台阶开挖至关重要。一方面,如果其值选取过大,会导致钻孔数量增加使采空区处理费用增加、生产效益降低;另一方面,如果其值选取过小,则安全隔离厚度不够,作业人员、采掘设备不安全,有可能引发重大人员伤亡与设备财产损失、致使矿山停产等后果。 
煤系层状沉积地层结构,是煤矿采空区顶板常见的岩体结构类型。由于层状岩体受层理结构面的影响,具有明显的横观各向同性,如考虑采空区顶板层与层之间的相互作用,其变形特征、破坏模式、破断机理更为复杂。因此,进行浅部采空区顶板变形破坏过程与灾变机制研究,是目前工程实践中急待解决的具有挑战性难题。目前,国内外在岩石力学试验中,常常将煤矿采空区顶板简化为梁,主要进行梁的三点弯曲试验,而实际工程则表现为板的破坏,而且是采空区层状组合板的破坏形式,因此,研究设计一种能进行厚板、薄板、以及厚板与薄板组合形式的弯曲试验均布加载装置,是进行采空区顶板变形破坏过程与灾变机制试验研究的关键。 
发明内容
为了克服目前岩石力学领域岩梁假设三点弯矩试验,不能有效揭示采空区顶板变形特征、破坏模式和破断机理的不足,本实用新型提供一种岩石类材料矩形板的弯曲试验均布加载装置,不仅能够进行单一厚板和单一薄板的弯曲试验研究,而且能够实现厚板与薄板的多种组合试验研究,对揭示各类岩板的损伤破断机理有重要理论意义和工程实用价值。 
本实用新型解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:均布加载试验装置主要由三部分组合而成:一块能够传递外荷载的矩形钢板、一个矩形钢板框架和钢球颗粒集合体。借助于该加载装置,能够实现对单一厚板、单一薄板、以及厚板与薄板多种组合形式的均布加载试验研究。 
试验过程: 
第一步,组装矩形岩板弯曲试验监测侧压力变化的加载装置(ZL201120284671.7),并将加载装置安放在MTS等力学压力机底端加载承台上; 
第二步,将加工好的厚岩板、薄岩板或其组合板,放置在矩形岩板弯曲试验监测侧压力变化的加载装置(ZL201120284671.7)加载架两端可转动的垫块上; 
第三步,调节矩形岩板弯曲试验监测侧压力变化的加载装置(ZL201120284671.7)四根螺栓的螺母,使加载架两侧钢板加紧试验岩板; 
第四步,在试验岩板上放置矩形钢板框架,将钢球颗粒集合体均匀平铺在矩形钢板框架内,将矩形钢板框架平面中心调至试验岩板的形心位置; 
第五步,利用MTS等力学压力机对安放在钢球颗粒集合体上的矩形钢板施加荷载,即能够进行均布荷载作用下,各类矩形岩板的弯曲试验研究。 
本实用新型的有益效果是,借助于该加载装置,能够实现均布荷载条件下,单一厚板、单一薄板、以及厚板与薄板多种组合形式的弯曲试验研究。 
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进一步说明。 
图1是本实用新型结构组成示意图。 
图1中:(1)矩形钢板;(2)矩形钢板框架;(3)钢球颗粒集合体。 
具体实施方式
第一步,组装矩形岩板弯曲试验监测侧压力变化的加载装置(ZL201120284671.7); 
第二步,将加工好的厚岩板、薄岩板或其组合板,放置在矩形岩板弯曲试验监测侧压力变化的加载装置(ZL201120284671.7)加载架两端可转动的垫块上; 
第三步,调节矩形岩板弯曲试验监测侧压力变化的加载装置(ZL201120284671.7)四根螺栓的螺母,使加载架两侧钢板加紧试验岩板; 
第四步,在试验岩板上放置矩形钢板框架(2),将钢球颗粒集合体(3)均匀平铺在矩形钢板框架(2)内,将矩形钢板框架(2)平面中心调至试验岩板的形心位置; 
第五步,利用MTS等力学压力机对安放在钢球颗粒集合体上的矩形钢板(1)施加荷载,即能够进行均布荷载作用下,各类矩形岩板的弯曲试验研究。 

Claims (1)

1.一种颗粒流调节位移均布加载试验装置,其特征在于,该装置能够对所述岩石类材料矩形板进行均布加载,该装置主要由三部分组合而成:一块能够传递外荷载的矩形钢板、一个矩形钢板框架和钢球颗粒集合体,所述岩石类材料矩形板上放置所述矩形钢板框架,所述钢球颗粒集合体均匀平铺在所述矩形钢板框架内,所述矩形钢板置于所述钢球颗粒集合体之上。 
CN201320784422.3U 2013-12-04 2013-12-04 颗粒流调节位移均布加载试验装置 Expired - Fee Related CN203720032U (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111521494A (zh) * 2020-05-12 2020-08-11 河北工业大学 一种均布荷载作用下岩石弯曲强度测试仪

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111521494A (zh) * 2020-05-12 2020-08-11 河北工业大学 一种均布荷载作用下岩石弯曲强度测试仪

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