CN203613528U - Vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of soft soil foundation - Google Patents
Vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of soft soil foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN203613528U CN203613528U CN201320838928.8U CN201320838928U CN203613528U CN 203613528 U CN203613528 U CN 203613528U CN 201320838928 U CN201320838928 U CN 201320838928U CN 203613528 U CN203613528 U CN 203613528U
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- vacuum
- supervisor
- sealant
- flange
- surcharge
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- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of a soft soil foundation. The vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of the soft soil foundation comprises a vacuum pumping device, a sealing layer, a vertical drainage system and a horizontal drainage system, wherein the outer side of the foundation needing to be reinforced is covered with the sealing layer, the vertical drainage system is arranged in the foundation need to be reinforced, and the horizontal drainage system is arranged on the ground surface of the foundation needing to be reinforced; the vertical drainage system comprises a plurality of vertical drainage structures, the horizontal drainage system comprises a medium-coarse sand cushion layer, a plurality of horizontal drainage structures and a fine sand cushion layer, the horizontal drainage structures are laid in the medium-coarse sand cushion layer, the fine sand cushion layer is flatly laid on the medium-coarse sand cushion layer, and the horizontal drainage structures are distributed on the same horizontal plane in the length direction of the foundation needing to be reinforced from front to rear; a surcharge object is arranged on the sealing layer; each horizontal drainage structure comprises a main pipe and two rows of filter pipes, and the outer end of each main pipe is connected with the vacuum pumping device through a film penetrating device and a connection hose. The vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of the soft soil foundation is simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient to construct, low in construction investment cost, good in using effect, and capable of easily, conveniently and rapidly completing a drainage consolidation of the soft soil foundation.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to ground prepressing water discharge concretion technology field, especially relates to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure.
Background technology
Speedway is high to ground deformation requirements, pass through that geologic element is many, circuit is long, engineering quantity is large, building highway on soft foundation, its ground disposal cost is than great, and whether Ground Treatment Schemes is reasonable, is directly connected to the size of success or failure and the investment of engineering.Combined vacuum and surcharge preloading is the combination of vacuum preloading and piling prepressing, by the vacuum pre-press reinforcing foundation in early stage, foundation strength is necessarily increased, ground pore water pressure significantly reduces, surface settlement speed reduces gradually, then increase surface settlement speed by preloading, the combination of two kinds of preloading methods can be eliminated most surface settlements in a short time, reaches the object of reinforcing soft foundation.But the construction experience that current combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation method is applied to express highway roadbed processing work progress (especially expressway ramp roadbed) is considerably less, do not have the construction method unified, standard can be for reference, thereby practice of construction difficulty be larger.Therefore, nowadays lack a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure of simple in structure, the reasonable in design and suitable express highway roadbed discharging consolidation processing that constructing operation is easy, result of use is good, it can complete express highway roadbed discharging consolidation process easy, fast, and discharging consolidation speed is fast.
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure is provided, it is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy construction and drop into that construction cost is lower, result of use good, can be easy, the discharging consolidation process that completes fast soft foundation.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, it is characterized in that: comprise vacuum extractor, be coated on the sealant that needs consolidated subsoil outside, be laid in the vertical drainage system needing in consolidated subsoil and be laid in the horizontal drainage system needing on consolidated subsoil earth's surface, described vertical drainage system comprises multiple vertical drainage structures, described horizontal drainage system comprises and is laid in the described medium coarse sand bed course needing on consolidated subsoil earth's surface, multiple horizontal drainage structures of mating formation in medium coarse sand bed course and be laid in the thin sand on medium coarse sand bed course, described horizontal drainage system is positioned at described sealant, multiple described horizontal drainage structures are all laid in same level and it is along needing the length direction of consolidated subsoil to lay from front to back, on described sealant, be laid with needing consolidated subsoil to apply the heap loading of vertical load, multiple described horizontal drainage structures include one and are level to the supervisor who lays and the symmetrical chimney filter that is laid in supervisor both sides of two rows, the described chimney filter of every row include many be parallel laying and all with the chimney filter that joins of supervisor, described supervisor and many described chimney filters are pvc pipe, on the tube wall of described chimney filter, have multiple filter openings, described supervisor's outer end is by going out film device and connecting hose and described vacuum extractor joins, described go out film device comprise and be positioned at sealant inner side and be arranged on the flange one of supervisor outer end and be positioned at the flange two in sealant outside, on described flange one, be along the circumferential direction provided with many screw rods, many described screw rods are all vertical laying with flange one, on described flange two, have multiple installing holes of installing for many described screw rods respectively, described sealant is clipped between flange one and flange two, on many described screw rods, clamp nut is all installed, described clamp nut is positioned at flange two outsides, on described sealant, have multiple respectively for the many through holes that described screw rod passes, one end of described connecting hose is tightly connected with flange two and its other end is connected with described vacuum extractor.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, it is characterized in that: the described surrounding side that needs consolidated subsoil all has the sealing the ditch together outward flange of sealant being sealed, the degree of depth of described sealing ditch is not less than 150cm, and the outward flange of described sealant is pressed on the argillic horizon below of institute's backfill in sealing ditch.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, is characterized in that: described vacuum means is set to jet vacuum pump and its quantity is multiple, the supervisor in multiple described horizontal drainage structures is joined with multiple described jet vacuum pumps respectively.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, it is characterized in that: two-layer diaphragm seal and one deck that described sealant comprises one deck geotextiles one, mat formation in described geotextiles one are assembled in the geotextiles two on two-layer described diaphragm seal, and two-layer described diaphragm seal is polyvinyl chloride film.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, is characterized in that: multiple described vertical drainage structures are plastic draining board, and multiple described plastic draining boards are all vertically to laying, and multiple described plastic draining board is even laying.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, is characterized in that: the supervisor in described horizontal drainage structure and the described chimney filter of two rows are fishbone shape and lay.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, is characterized in that: one end sealing and its other end of described chimney filter join by rubber hose and supervisor.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, it is characterized in that: described supervisor's caliber is Φ 75mm～Φ 100mm and its wall thickness > 2.4mm, the caliber of described chimney filter is Φ 60mm～Φ 75mm and its wall thickness > 2.0mm, and the outside of described supervisor and chimney filter is all enclosed with one deck geotextiles.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, is characterized in that: the bed thickness of described medium coarse sand bed course is 50cm ± 5cm, the bed thickness of described thin sand is 10cm ± 2cm.
Above-mentioned a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, is characterized in that: on described sealant, to have a layer thickness be the fine sand layer of 15cm～20cm in tiling, and described heap loading is the mound being positioned on fine sand layer.
The utility model compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, simple in structure, reasonable in design, and it is low to drop into construction cost.
2, the simple and easy accessibility of membrane apparatus structure, can easyly complete being connected between supervisor and vacuum extractor, and good connecting effect.
3, constructing operation is easy and discharging consolidation is effective, prepressing water discharge consolidation time is short, adopt two kinds of discharging consolidation methods of vacuum and preloading to combine and carry out precompressed, thereby energy is easy, the discharging consolidation process that completes fast soft foundation.
In sum, the utility model is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy construction and drop into that construction cost is lower, result of use good, can be easy, the discharging consolidation process that completes fast soft foundation.
Below by drawings and Examples, the technical solution of the utility model is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model horizontal drainage structure.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing at A place in Fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals:
1-medium coarse sand bed course; 2-thin sand; 3-plastic draining board;
4-1-supervisor; 4-2-chimney filter; The loading of 5-heap;
6-sealant; 7-need consolidated subsoil; 8-1-flange one;
8-2-flange two; 8-3-screw rod; 8-4-clamp nut;
9-connecting hose; 10-sealing ditch; 11-argillic horizon;
12-jet vacuum pump; 13-fine sand layer.
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the utility model comprises vacuum extractor, be coated on the sealant 6 that needs consolidated subsoil 7 outsides, be laid in the vertical drainage system needing in consolidated subsoil 7 and be laid in the horizontal drainage system needing on consolidated subsoil 7 earth's surfaces, described vertical drainage system comprises multiple vertical drainage structures, described horizontal drainage system comprises and is laid in the described medium coarse sand bed course 1 needing on consolidated subsoil earth's surface, multiple horizontal drainage structures of mating formation in medium coarse sand bed course 1 and be laid in the thin sand 2 on medium coarse sand bed course 1, described horizontal drainage system is positioned at described sealant 6, multiple described horizontal drainage structures are all laid in same level and it is along needing the length direction of consolidated subsoil 7 to lay from front to back.On described sealant 6, be laid with needing consolidated subsoil 7 to apply the heap loading 5 of vertical load.Multiple described horizontal drainage structures include one and are level to the supervisor 4-1 laying and the symmetrical chimney filter 4-2 that is laid in supervisor 4-1 both sides of two rows, the described chimney filter 4-2 of every row include many be parallel laying and all with the chimney filter 4-2 that joins of supervisor 4-1, described in described supervisor 4-1 and Duo Gen, chimney filter 4-2 is pvc pipe, on the tube wall of described chimney filter 4-2, have multiple filter openings, the outer end of described supervisor 4-1 joins by going out film device and connecting hose 9 and described vacuum extractor, described go out film device comprise and be positioned at sealant 6 inner sides and be arranged on flange one 8-1 of supervisor 4-1 outer end and be positioned at flange two 8-2 in sealant 6 outsides, on described flange one 8-1, be along the circumferential direction provided with many screw rod 8-3, many described screw rod 8-3 are all vertical laying with flange one 8-1, on described flange two 8-2, have multiple installing holes of installing for many described screw rod 8-3 respectively, described sealant 6 is clipped between flange one 8-1 and flange two 8-2, on many described screw rod 8-3, clamp nut 8-4 is all installed, described clamp nut 8-4 is positioned at flange two 8-2 outsides.On described sealant 6, have multiple respectively for the many through holes that described screw rod 8-3 passes.One end of described connecting hose 9 is tightly connected with flange two 8-2 and its other end is connected with described vacuum extractor.
In the present embodiment, the described surrounding side that needs consolidated subsoil 7 all has the sealing the ditch 10 together outward flange of sealant 6 being sealed, the degree of depth of described sealing ditch 10 is not less than 150cm, and the outward flange of described sealant 6 is pressed on argillic horizon 11 belows of the sealing interior institute of ditch 10 backfill.
In the present embodiment, described vacuum means is set to jet vacuum pump 12 and its quantity is multiple, and the supervisor 4-1 in multiple described horizontal drainage structures joins with multiple described jet vacuum pumps 12 respectively.
Two-layer diaphragm seal and one deck that when practice of construction, described sealant 6 comprises one deck geotextiles one, mat formation in described geotextiles one are assembled in the geotextiles two on two-layer described diaphragm seal, and two-layer described diaphragm seal is polyvinyl chloride film.
In the present embodiment, multiple described vertical drainage structures are plastic draining board 3, and multiple described plastic draining boards 3 are all vertically to laying, and multiple described plastic draining board 3 is even laying.
When practice of construction, described vertical drainage structure also can adopt sand drain.
In the present embodiment, the supervisor 4-1 in described horizontal drainage structure and the described chimney filter 4-2 of two rows are fishbone shape and lay.
In the present embodiment, one end sealing of described chimney filter 4-2 and its other end join with supervisor 4-1 by rubber hose.
In the present embodiment, the caliber of described supervisor 4-1 is Φ 75mm～Φ 100mm and its wall thickness > 2.4mm, the caliber of described chimney filter 4-2 is Φ 60mm～Φ 75mm and its wall thickness > 2.0mm, and the outside of described supervisor 4-1 and chimney filter 4-2 is all enclosed with one deck geotextiles.
When practice of construction, the bed thickness of described medium coarse sand bed course 1 is 50cm ± 5cm, and the bed thickness of described thin sand 2 is 10cm ± 2cm.In the present embodiment, the bed thickness of described medium coarse sand bed course 1 is 50cm, and the bed thickness of described thin sand 2 is 10cm, when Specific construction, can according to specific needs, the bed thickness of medium coarse sand bed course 1 and thin sand 2 be adjusted accordingly.
In the present embodiment, on described sealant 6, to have a layer thickness be the fine sand layer 13 of 15cm～20cm in tiling, and described heap loading 5 is for being positioned at the mound on fine sand layer 13.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not the utility model is imposed any restrictions; every any simple modification of above embodiment being done according to the utility model technical spirit, change and equivalent structure change, and all still belong in the protection domain of technical solutions of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. a soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure, it is characterized in that: comprise vacuum extractor, be coated on the sealant (6) that needs consolidated subsoil (7) outside, be laid in and need the vertical drainage system in consolidated subsoil (7) and be laid in the horizontal drainage system needing on consolidated subsoil (7) earth's surface, described vertical drainage system comprises multiple vertical drainage structures, described horizontal drainage system comprises and is laid in the described medium coarse sand bed course (1) needing on consolidated subsoil earth's surface, multiple horizontal drainage structures of mating formation in medium coarse sand bed course (1) and be laid in the thin sand (2) on medium coarse sand bed course (1), described horizontal drainage system is positioned at described sealant (6), multiple described horizontal drainage structures are all laid in same level and it is along needing the length direction of consolidated subsoil (7) to lay from front to back, on described sealant (6), be laid with needing consolidated subsoil (7) to apply the heap loading (5) of vertical load, multiple described horizontal drainage structures include one and are level and arrange symmetries to the supervisor (4-1) who lays and two and be laid in the chimney filter (4-2) of supervisor (4-1) both sides, the described chimney filter of every row (4-2) include many be parallel laying and all with the chimney filter (4-2) that joins of supervisor (4-1), described supervisor (4-1) and many described chimney filters (4-2) are pvc pipe, on the tube wall of described chimney filter (4-2), have multiple filter openings, described supervisor's (4-1) outer end joins with described vacuum extractor by going out film device and connecting hose (9), described go out film device comprise and be positioned at sealant (6) inner side and be arranged on the flange one (8-1) of supervisor (4-1) outer end and be positioned at the flange two (8-2) outside sealant (6), on described flange one (8-1), be along the circumferential direction provided with many screw rods (8-3), many described screw rods (8-3) are all vertical laying with flange one (8-1), on described flange two (8-2), have multiple installing holes that supply respectively many described screw rods (8-3) to install, described sealant (6) is clipped between flange one (8-1) and flange two (8-2), clamp nut (8-4) is all installed on many described screw rods (8-3), described clamp nut (8-4) is positioned at flange two (8-2) outside, on described sealant (6), have multiple through holes that supply respectively many described screw rods (8-3) to pass, one end of described connecting hose (9) is tightly connected with flange two (8-2) and its other end is connected with described vacuum extractor.
2. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described surrounding side that needs consolidated subsoil (7) all has the sealing ditch (10) together the outward flange of sealant (6) being sealed, the degree of depth of described sealing ditch (10) is not less than 150cm, and the outward flange of described sealant (6) is pressed on argillic horizon (11) below of the sealing interior institute of ditch (10) backfill.
3. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described vacuum means is set to jet vacuum pump (12) and its quantity is multiple, the supervisor (4-1) in multiple described horizontal drainage structures is joined with multiple described jet vacuum pumps (12) respectively.
4. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: two-layer diaphragm seal and one deck that described sealant (6) comprises one deck geotextiles one, mat formation in described geotextiles one are assembled in the geotextiles two on two-layer described diaphragm seal, and two-layer described diaphragm seal is polyvinyl chloride film.
5. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: multiple described vertical drainage structures are plastic draining board (3), multiple described plastic draining boards (3) are all vertically to laying, and multiple described plastic draining board (3) is even laying.
6. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the supervisor (4-1) in described horizontal drainage structure and the two described chimney filters of row (4-2) are fishbone shape and lay.
7. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: one end sealing and its other end of described chimney filter (4-2) join by rubber hose and supervisor (4-1).
8. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described supervisor's (4-1) caliber is Φ 75mm～Φ 100mm and its wall thickness > 2.4mm, the caliber of described chimney filter (4-2) is Φ 60mm～Φ 75mm and its wall thickness > 2.0mm, and the outside of described supervisor (4-1) and chimney filter (4-2) is all enclosed with one deck geotextiles.
9. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the bed thickness of described medium coarse sand bed course (1) is 50cm ± 5cm, the bed thickness of described thin sand (2) is 10cm ± 2cm.
10. according to a kind of soft foundation combined vacuum and surcharge preloading discharging consolidation structure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: it is the fine sand layer (13) of 15cm～20cm that the upper tiling of described sealant (6) has a layer thickness, and described heap loading (5) is for being positioned at the mound on fine sand layer (13).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320838928.8U CN203613528U (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of soft soil foundation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320838928.8U CN203613528U (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of soft soil foundation |
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| CN203613528U true CN203613528U (en) | 2014-05-28 |
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| CN201320838928.8U Expired - Fee Related CN203613528U (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Vacuum and surcharge combined preloading drainage consolidation structure of soft soil foundation |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104234034A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-24 | 安徽省交通建设有限责任公司 | First water discharge and then sealing and blocking plate carrying type road embankment and construction method |
| CN104532825A (en) * | 2015-01-02 | 2015-04-22 | 韩少鹏 | Rapid soft foundation solidification device and construction method thereof |
| CN105317034A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-10 | 南京电力工程设计有限公司 | Sand drain system used for vacuum pre-pressing treatment of marine silt soil and construction method |
| CN106638554A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Treatment method of soft clay foundation |
| CN111206564A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-29 | 中铁十九局集团第三工程有限公司 | Construction method for consolidating foundation by combining vacuum drainage and water-borne preloading |
-
2013
- 2013-12-18 CN CN201320838928.8U patent/CN203613528U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104234034A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-24 | 安徽省交通建设有限责任公司 | First water discharge and then sealing and blocking plate carrying type road embankment and construction method |
| CN104234034B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-01-06 | 安徽省交通建设有限责任公司 | After a kind of first draining, plugging plate holds the construction method of formula embankment |
| CN104532825A (en) * | 2015-01-02 | 2015-04-22 | 韩少鹏 | Rapid soft foundation solidification device and construction method thereof |
| CN104532825B (en) * | 2015-01-02 | 2016-04-27 | 中煤科工集团武汉设计研究院有限公司中汉岩土工程分公司 | A kind of rapidly solidified device of subgrade and construction method thereof |
| CN105317034A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-10 | 南京电力工程设计有限公司 | Sand drain system used for vacuum pre-pressing treatment of marine silt soil and construction method |
| CN106638554A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Treatment method of soft clay foundation |
| CN106638554B (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2019-08-06 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | The processing method of Soft Clay Foundation |
| CN111206564A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-29 | 中铁十九局集团第三工程有限公司 | Construction method for consolidating foundation by combining vacuum drainage and water-borne preloading |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20140528 |