CN203562824U - Direct current power supply system with mixed energy storage - Google Patents
Direct current power supply system with mixed energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN203562824U CN203562824U CN201320723604.XU CN201320723604U CN203562824U CN 203562824 U CN203562824 U CN 203562824U CN 201320723604 U CN201320723604 U CN 201320723604U CN 203562824 U CN203562824 U CN 203562824U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a direct current power supply system with mixed energy storage, and is applied in the field of power supply. The direct current power supply system comprises a direct current power supply, a storage battery set, load equipment, a super capacitor set, a switch circuit and a control device, wherein the super capacitor set and the load equipment are connected with an output terminal of the direct current power supply in parallel, the super capacitor set is also connected with the storage battery set in parallel via the switch circuit, the control device is respectively and electrically connected with a terminal voltage position of the direct current power supply, the super capacitor set and the storage battery set, the control device is also electrically connected with the switch circuit, the switch circuit comprises a relay and a bidirectional thyristor which are connected in parallel, and two terminals of parallel nodes of the relay and the bidirectional thyristor are respectively and electrically connected with the super capacitor set and the storage battery set in a corresponding manner. The direct current power supply system with the mixed energy storage well solves the problem that in the prior art, the service lifetime of the battery is influenced due to the discharging of high current when the battery is float-charged or deals with pulsation load.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to field of power supplies, particularly relates to a kind of direct current supply technology.
Background technology
DC power-supply system mainly comprises operating power and the use high frequency switch power of communicating by letter of control, protection, signal and the communicator of power plant and transformer station; the former direct relation the safe and reliable operation of electric power system, and the latter is the Communication and Information Systems continual guarantees of powering.For guaranteeing the reliability of DC power-supply system, conventionally with lead acid accumulator power supply in support, be connected in parallel on the output of DC power-supply system supply unit at present, can its operation conditions quality will directly have influence on whole system normal, safe and reliable operation.
But, by lead acid accumulator energy storage device in support, when having improved the reliability of electric power system, also brought certain hidden danger.First, because load equipment has pulsation character mostly at the power demand in when work, instantaneous power is high and average power is low.In order to ensure the normal stable operation of DC power-supply system, in actual design, often need to configure the batteries of larger capacity, to tackle the power demand of pulsating load, can improve like this cost of system; Secondly, the performance of storage battery requires very high to ambient temperature, and under low temperature condition, active volume reduces, and under high-temperature condition, easily dehydration, affects the life-span; Again, the long-term storage battery in floating charge state in parallel can discharge and recharge partial circulating, causes general who has surrendered under accumulator internal resistance capacity increasing to make power output capacity variation, makes storage battery premature failure, has indirectly increased system cost; In addition, lead acid accumulator need to regularly safeguard, workload is larger.
Although, more existing relevant documents and technology have all proposed some viewpoints and have done various improvement above problem, but in DC power-supply system, while avoiding the long-term floating charge of storage battery with reply pulsating load, prevent that these two problems of storage battery heavy-current discharge from not yet obtaining adequate solution.
Utility model content
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing, prevents the problem of storage battery heavy-current discharge for solving the long-term floating charge of prior art storage battery and reply during pulsating load.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the utility model provides a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing, it comprises DC power supply, batteries, load equipment, bank of super capacitors, switching circuit, control device, wherein, described bank of super capacitors and load equipment and DC power output end are connected in parallel, meanwhile, described bank of super capacitors is connected in parallel by described switching circuit and described batteries; Described control device is electrically connected at respectively the terminal voltage place of described DC power supply, bank of super capacitors and batteries, and is electrically connected at described switching circuit; Described switching circuit comprises a relay and a bidirectional thyristor, and described relay and bidirectional thyristor are connected in parallel, and its sys node two ends are electrically connected at respectively described bank of super capacitors and batteries.
Preferably, described control device comprises detecting unit and control unit, and described detecting unit is electrically connected at respectively described bank of super capacitors, batteries and switching circuit by divider resistance; Described control unit is electrically connected at described detecting unit and switching circuit.
Preferably, described control unit is by a relay drive circuit and the electric connection corresponding to described relay and bidirectional thyristor of bidirectional thyristor drive circuit;
Particularly, described bidirectional thyristor drive circuit comprises the DC source of photoelectrical coupler U1, triode Q1, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and 12V, described resistance R 1 one end is electrically connected at described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the D first end of described photoelectrical coupler U1; Described resistance R 2 one end are electrically connected described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the base stage of described triode Q1, and the collector electrode of triode Q1 is electrically connected the second end of described photoelectrical coupler U1, grounded emitter; Described resistance R 3 one end are electrically connected the DC source of 12V, the 4th end of photoelectrical coupler U1 described in another termination; The 3rd end of described photoelectrical coupler U1 is electrically connected at the trigger electrode of described bidirectional thyristor D1; In addition, described relay drive circuit comprises the DC source of relay K 1, photoelectrical coupler U2, triode Q2, triode Q3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6 and 12V; Described resistance R 4 one end are electrically connected described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the first end of described photoelectrical coupler U2; Described resistance R 5 one end are electrically connected described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the base stage of described triode Q2, and the collector electrode of described triode Q2 is electrically connected the second end of described photoelectrical coupler U2, grounded emitter; Described resistance R 6 one end are electrically connected the DC source of 12V, the other end is electrically connected the collector electrode of described triode Q3, and resistance R 6 two ends and described relay K 1 coils from parallel connection of coils, the emitter of described triode Q3 and base stage are electrically connected at respectively the 3rd end and the 4th end of described photoelectrical coupler U2; The COM end of described relay K 1 and NO hold respectively corresponding connection of two ends with bidirectional thyristor.
Preferably, described control device adopts single-chip microcomputer.
The above technical scheme, by ultracapacitor, replace storage battery to carry out floating charge, because ultracapacitor has the advantages that to have extended cycle life, therefore compare with the floating charge in parallel of storage battery of the prior art and DC power supply, reduced the cycle-index of storage battery, can delay the aging of storage battery, also avoid using general who has surrendered under the accumulator internal resistance capacity increasing causing and making the problem of power output capacity variation due to long-term floating charge;
In addition, because the load equipment power demand of DC power-supply system exists randomness, and ultracapacitor has the advantage that power density is large, adopt ultracapacitor floating charge in parallel with DC power supply, can avoid as guaranteeing that percussion power demand configures the storage battery much larger than frequent load capacity, reduce the volume of energy storage device and the cost of system, improved the economy of DC power-supply system;
Also, by a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the present utility model, well solved the problem that prevents storage battery heavy-current discharge when the long-term floating charge of storage battery is with reply pulsating load in prior art.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the principle schematic of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is shown as the concrete structure schematic diagram of the control module of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is shown as the bidirectional thyristor of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model and the concrete structure figure of drive circuit thereof.
Fig. 4 is shown as the relay of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model and the concrete structure figure of drive circuit thereof.
Fig. 5 is shown as the concrete structure schematic diagram of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model.
Fig. 6 is shown as the course of work control principle schematic diagram of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model.
Drawing reference numeral explanation
100 DC power supply
200 load equipments
300 bank of super capacitors
400 switching circuits
410 bidirectional thyristors
411 bidirectional thyristor drive circuits
430 relays
431 relay drive circuits
500 batteries
600 control device
610 detecting units
630 control units
Embodiment
By specific instantiation, execution mode of the present utility model is described below, those skilled in the art can understand other advantages of the present utility model and effect easily by the disclosed content of this specification.The utility model can also be implemented or be applied by other different embodiment, and the every details in this specification also can be based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modifications or change not deviating under spirit of the present utility model.
It should be noted that, the diagram providing in the present embodiment only illustrates basic conception of the present utility model in a schematic way, satisfy and only show with assembly relevant in the utility model in graphic but not component count, shape and size drafting while implementing according to reality, during its actual enforcement, kenel, quantity and the ratio of each assembly can be a kind of random change, and its assembly layout kenel also may be more complicated.
Refer to Fig. 1, prevent the problem of storage battery heavy-current discharge when solving the long-term floating charge of storage battery in prior art with reply pulsating load, show the principle schematic of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model, it comprises DC power supply 100, load equipment 200, bank of super capacitors 300, switching circuit 400, batteries 500, and control device 600, described bank of super capacitors 300 and load equipment 200 are connected in parallel with DC power supply 100 outputs, simultaneously, described bank of super capacitors 300 is connected in parallel with described batteries 500 by described switching circuit 400, described control device 600 is electrically connected at respectively the terminal voltage place of described DC power supply 100, bank of super capacitors 300 and batteries 500, and is electrically connected at described switching circuit 400, and described switching circuit 400 comprises a relay 430 and a bidirectional thyristor 410, and the two is connected in parallel, and its sys node two ends respectively correspondence are electrically connected at described bank of super capacitors 300 and batteries 500.Simultaneously, described control device 600 by a relay drive circuit 431 and bidirectional thyristor drive circuit 411 respectively with described relay 430 and the corresponding electric connection of bidirectional thyristor 410, wherein, described control device 600 comprises detecting unit 610 and control unit 630, and described detecting unit 610 is electrically connected at respectively described bank of super capacitors 300, batteries 500 and switching circuit 400 by divider resistance; Described control unit 630 is connected in described detecting unit 610, and is electrically connected by described drive circuit and described switching circuit 400.
Particularly, described bank of super capacitors 300 is carried out parallel connection by multiple series arms and is formed, and described series arm comprises multiple monomer ultracapacitors, and described monomer ultracapacitor is connected in series, and described capacitor adopts double electric layer capacitor.Because bank of super capacitors 300 has very long cycle life, and can provide much larger than the power output of lead-acid batteries 500, so replace batteries 500 floating charge in parallel with DC power supply 100 by it, not only can reduce like this access times of lead acid accumulator and discharge and recharge partial circulating, also extend the useful life of lead-acid batteries 500, also avoid using general who has surrendered under the lead-acid batteries 500 internal resistance capacity increasings that cause and making the problem of power output capacity variation due to long-term floating charge simultaneously; In addition, described DC power-supply system can provide larger power output, prevent that lead-acid batteries 500 from making its plate buckling distortion because of instantaneous high-power output, there is irreversible infringement, and produce that excessive voltage falls and the undesired shutoff that causes batteries 500, thereby avoided as guaranteeing that instantaneous high-power demand configures the system cost of bringing much larger than the lead-acid batteries 500 of frequent load capacity and increases.
In addition, it should be noted that concrete ultracapacitor parallel combination method answers the actual demand of viewing system and determine, consider the useful life of bank of super capacitors 300, monomer voltage must not exceed maximum operating voltage conventionally.
In order to further illustrate a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model, below the each module to system or circuit are done to describe in detail particularly, with this, enable those skilled in the art to more be well understood to the technical solution of the utility model.
Please refer to Fig. 2, it shows the concrete structure schematic diagram of the control device 600 of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model, control device 600 described here is specially single-chip microcomputer, wherein, described detecting unit 610 is specially A/D modular converter, and described control unit 630 is singlechip chip.Its course of work is mainly: described DC power supply 100, bank of super capacitors and batteries 500 are after electric resistance partial pressure, gained voltage signal is transferred to these three of RA0, RA1, RA2 above port, after A/D converter conversion through single-chip microcomputer inside, according to the control strategy flow chart shown in Fig. 2, compare judgement, finally by port D output low and high level, deliver to switch driving circuit.Whole single-chip microcomputer is by 5V DC source powered operation, and A/D conversion reference voltage is also set as single-chip microcomputer operating voltage, so the high level of single-chip microcomputer output is 5V, low level is 0V.
It should be noted that, here the singlechip chip that adopted itself has A/D change-over circuit module, if the singlechip chip adopting does not have A/D change-over circuit module, so also can be by an A/D change-over circuit module be set outward at singlechip chip, it is connected with described singlechip chip, with this, reaches the object of sampled voltage being carried out to A/D conversion.
Please refer to Fig. 3, it shows the bidirectional thyristor 410 of a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the utility model and the concrete structure figure of drive circuit thereof, as can be seen from the figure, described bidirectional thyristor drive circuit 411 comprises the DC source of photoelectrical coupler, triode Q1, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and 12V, resistance R 1 one end is electrically connected at described control unit 630, and the other end is electrically connected 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler; Resistance R 2 one end are electrically connected described control unit 630, and the other end is electrically connected the base stage of triode Q1, and the collector electrode of triode Q1 is electrically connected 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler, grounded emitter; Resistance R 3 one end are electrically connected the DC source of 12V, 4 pin of another termination photoelectrical coupler; 3 pin of described photoelectrical coupler are electrically connected the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor 410D1.The operation principle of described bidirectional thyristor 410 and drive circuit thereof is: when single-chip microcomputer output high level, triode Q1 conducting, the light-emitting diode conducting in photoelectrical coupler U1 is luminous, light is radiated on light-receiving device, transistor turns in photoelectrical coupler U1, generation photoelectric current is exported from output, thereby has realized the conversion of " electrical-optical-electricity ", and the transistorized emitter-base bandgap grading output electrical signals in photoelectrical coupler U1 drives described bidirectional thyristor 410 then; When single-chip microcomputer output low level, triode Q1 cannot conducting, and light-emitting diode can not send light signal, and bidirectional thyristor 410D1 cannot conducting; Wherein, described bidirectional thyristor 410A, B two ends are in parallel with relay 430.
Please refer to Fig. 4, show the relay 430 of described DC power-supply system and the concrete structure figure of drive circuit thereof, described relay drive circuit 431 comprises the DC source of relay 430, photoelectrical coupler, triode Q2, triode Q3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6 and 12V; Resistance R 4 one end are electrically connected described control unit 630, and the other end is electrically connected 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler; Resistance R 5 one end are electrically connected described control unit 630, and the other end is electrically connected the base stage of triode Q2, and the collector electrode of described triode Q2 is electrically connected 2 pin of described photoelectrical coupler, its grounded emitter; Resistance R 6 one end are electrically connected the DC source of 12V, and the other end is electrically connected the collector electrode of described triode Q3, and resistance R 6 two ends and relay 430 coils from parallel connection of coils, and the emitter of described triode Q3 and base stage are electrically connected at respectively 3 pin and 4 pin of photoelectrical coupler; The A* of described relay 430, B* pin respectively with the corresponding connection in A, B two ends of bidirectional thyristor 410.Wherein, the operation principle of described relay 430 and drive circuit thereof is: when single-chip microcomputer output high level, it is consistent with bidirectional thyristor drive circuit 411, transistor turns in photoelectrical coupler U2, producing photoelectric current exports from output, then the transistor emitter-base bandgap grading output electrical signals in photoelectrical coupler U2 makes transistor Q3 conducting, the coil being now wound on relay 430 magnetic cores passes through electric current, produce magnetic force, the COM terminal of relay 430 and NO end is connected (being that A* is connected with B* pin), thereby realization and bidirectional thyristor 410 is in parallel.
Particularly, when switch is opened signal interim (while being single-chip microcomputer output high level), because bidirectional thyristor 410 is opened speed and is greater than relay 430, therefore first conducting of bidirectional thyristor 410, now relay 430 two ends pressure drops are only the tube voltage drop of a thyristor, relay 430 conductings with this understanding, bank of super capacitors 300 exchanges on relay 430 with the energy of batteries 500 and DC power supply 100.
Please refer to Fig. 5, show the concrete structure schematic diagram of described DC power-supply system, as figure, described bank of super capacitors 300, load equipment 200 are connected in parallel with DC power supply 100, and described batteries 500 is connected in parallel by a switching circuit 400 and described bank of super capacitors 300; Wherein, described switching circuit 400 comprises a relay 430 and corresponding relay drive circuit 431, bidirectional thyristor 410 and a corresponding bidirectional thyristor drive circuit 411, described relay 430 and bidirectional thyristor 410 are connected in parallel, described relay drive circuit 431 and bidirectional thyristor drive circuit 411, respectively with described relay 430 with bidirectional thyristor 410 is corresponding is connected, are also connected with described monolithic processor control device 600 simultaneously; In addition, described single-chip microcomputer is connected with the terminal voltage of described bank of super capacitors 300, load equipment 200 and DC power supply 100 respectively by divider resistance.
Further, as shown in Figure 6, show the course of work control method schematic diagram of described DC power-supply system, its specific works process is: first, after system starts, detect the terminal voltage of DC power supply 100, bank of super capacitors 300 and batteries 500, by the A/D of chip microcontroller three terminal voltage, transform and detect relatively; First detect DC power supply 100 voltage U
1, see whether its output is normal, if output normally detects batteries 500 voltage U again
bwhether be greater than its operating voltage (being also the voltage U 1 of DC power supply 100) to determine whether it is carried out to boost charge; If DC power supply 100 output abnormalities, the mixed energy storage system that system is comprised of super capacitor 300 and batteries 500 is powered: particularly, the state of bidirectional switch adopts stagnant ring control, if bank of super capacitors 300 voltage U
cbe greater than stagnant ring upper limit U
h, it (is RD that bidirectional switch disconnects
0output low level), system keeps by bank of super capacitors 300 state of power supply separately; If bank of super capacitors 300 voltage U
cbe less than stagnant ring upper limit U
hand be greater than stagnant ring lower limit U
l, bidirectional switch closure (is RD
0output low level), bank of super capacitors 300 is powered to load equipment 200 together with batteries 500; If bank of super capacitors 300 voltage U
cbe less than stagnant ring lower limit U
l, bidirectional switch disconnects; In addition, if bank of super capacitors 300 supplies power to the cut-ff voltage of batteries 500 together with batteries 500 to load equipment 200, bidirectional switch disconnects (in figure, not giving sign).
By above technical scheme, adopt bank of super capacitors 300 to replace storage battery to enter group 500 row floating charges, reduced the cycle-index of batteries 500, can delay the aging of batteries 500, also avoid using general who has surrendered under the batteries 500 internal resistance capacity increasings that cause and making the problem of power output capacity variation due to long-term floating charge; Simultaneously, adopt bank of super capacitors 300 floating charge in parallel with DC power supply 100, can avoid, for guaranteeing that percussion power demand configures the batteries 500 much larger than frequent load capacity, having reduced the volume of energy storage device and the cost of system, improve the economy of DC power-supply system; Thereby by a kind of DC power-supply system that has hybrid energy-storing of the present utility model, well solved the problem that prevents batteries 500 heavy-current discharges when the long-term floating charge of batteries 500 is with reply pulsating load in prior art, therefore the utlity model has market application foreground widely.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present utility model and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the utility model.Any person skilled in the art scholar all can, under spirit of the present utility model and category, modify or change above-described embodiment.Therefore, have in technical field under such as and conventionally know that the knowledgeable modifies or changes not departing from all equivalences that complete under spirit that the utility model discloses and technological thought, must be contained by claim of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. have a DC power-supply system for hybrid energy-storing, comprise DC power supply, batteries and load equipment, it is characterized in that, described DC power-supply system also comprises bank of super capacitors, switching circuit, control device, wherein:
Described bank of super capacitors and load equipment and DC power output end are connected in parallel, and meanwhile, described bank of super capacitors is connected in parallel by described switching circuit and described batteries;
Described control device is electrically connected at respectively the terminal voltage place of described DC power supply, bank of super capacitors and batteries, and is electrically connected at described switching circuit;
Described switching circuit comprises a relay and a bidirectional thyristor, and described relay and bidirectional thyristor are connected in parallel, and its sys node two ends are electrically connected at respectively described bank of super capacitors and batteries.
2. DC power-supply system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control device comprises detecting unit and control unit, and described detecting unit is electrically connected at respectively described bank of super capacitors, batteries and switching circuit by divider resistance; Described control unit is electrically connected at described detecting unit and switching circuit.
3. DC power-supply system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control unit is by a relay drive circuit and the electric connection corresponding to described relay and bidirectional thyristor of bidirectional thyristor drive circuit.
4. DC power-supply system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described bidirectional thyristor drive circuit comprises the DC source of photoelectrical coupler U1, triode Q1, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and 12V, described resistance R 1 one end is electrically connected at described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the D first end of described photoelectrical coupler U1; Described resistance R 2 one end are electrically connected described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the base stage of described triode Q1, and the collector electrode of triode Q1 is electrically connected the second end of described photoelectrical coupler U1, grounded emitter; Described resistance R 3 one end are electrically connected the DC source of 12V, the 4th end of photoelectrical coupler U1 described in another termination; The 3rd end of described photoelectrical coupler U1 is electrically connected at the trigger electrode of described bidirectional thyristor D1.
5. DC power-supply system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described relay drive circuit comprises the DC source of relay K 1, photoelectrical coupler U2, triode Q2, triode Q3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6 and 12V; Described resistance R 4 one end are electrically connected described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the first end of described photoelectrical coupler U2; Described resistance R 5 one end are electrically connected described control unit, and the other end is electrically connected the base stage of described triode Q2, and the collector electrode of described triode Q2 is electrically connected the second end of described photoelectrical coupler U2, grounded emitter; Described resistance R 6 one end are electrically connected the DC source of 12V, the other end is electrically connected the collector electrode of described triode Q3, and resistance R 6 two ends and described relay K 1 coils from parallel connection of coils, the emitter of described triode Q3 and base stage are electrically connected at respectively the 3rd end and the 4th end of described photoelectrical coupler U2; The COM end of described relay K 1 and NO hold respectively corresponding connection of two ends with bidirectional thyristor.
6. according to the DC power-supply system described in claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that: described control device is single-chip microcomputer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320723604.XU CN203562824U (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2013-11-15 | Direct current power supply system with mixed energy storage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320723604.XU CN203562824U (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2013-11-15 | Direct current power supply system with mixed energy storage |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN203562824U true CN203562824U (en) | 2014-04-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201320723604.XU Withdrawn - After Issue CN203562824U (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2013-11-15 | Direct current power supply system with mixed energy storage |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103595115A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-19 | 中国人民解放军重庆通信学院 | DC power supplying system with hybrid energy storage function |
-
2013
- 2013-11-15 CN CN201320723604.XU patent/CN203562824U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103595115A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-19 | 中国人民解放军重庆通信学院 | DC power supplying system with hybrid energy storage function |
| CN103595115B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2016-08-17 | 中国人民解放军重庆通信学院 | A kind of DC power-supply system having hybrid energy-storing |
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Granted publication date: 20140423 Effective date of abandoning: 20160817 |
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