The non-active heat let-off gear(stand) of Spent Fuel Pool that flash distillation drives
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of security system of nuclear power plant, relates in particular to the non-active heat let-off gear(stand) of Spent Fuel Pool that a kind of flash distillation drives.
Background technology
The use of nuclear power is the important breakthroughs of the mankind in energy utilization history, utilize nuclear fission reaction, nuclear fuel can produce the incomparable high-energy output of other all traditional fossil energies, and these high-energy outputs often only need to expend a small amount of nuclear fuel.The characteristic of this low input high production, makes the utilization of mankind's pay attention to day by day to nuclear energy, and continues to increase the research and development in nuclear energy field, and even to this day, nuclear energy has become the important energy source ingredient of many countries in the world.
Yet, nuclear power when thering is high value, its harm that may bring also make us talk core look and become.In using the process of nuclear power; if protect improper and cause major accidents such as occurring nuclear leakage; will to the environment of nuclear power plant's periphery and even the whole mankind brings and serious nuclear pollution disaster; therefore; how in the exploitation process to nuclear energy, to guarantee its security, be an extremely important research topic.
After spentnuclear fuel refers to the fission reaction of carrying out certain hour in reactor, reached design burn-up and the unloaded nuclear fuel that goes out reactor.Because the spentnuclear fuel after unloaded still can continue to produce decay heat within considerable time; therefore existing PWR nuclear power plant conventionally can be stored in Spent Fuel Pool by irradiated fuel assembly and utilize the cooling system of Spent Fuel Pool to carry out cooling to spentnuclear fuel; the heat of its generation is expelled to ultimate heat sink (atmosphere, rivers, sea etc.); the aftertreatments such as the spentnuclear fuel after being cooled can dissolve, to extract the nucleic that still has value.Yet, the active equipment operation of the general dependence of Spent Fuel Pool cooling system of the prior art, active equipment needs the primary power or the emergency power pack that depend on nuclear power plant to start, when there is accident and causing comprehensive power-off in nuclear power plant, active equipment can not get power supply supply and cannot start cooling system, the heat that spentnuclear fuel produces will can not get discharging, thereby cause the temperature in Spent Fuel Pool to continue to raise, cooling medium seethes with excitement and evaporates, in spentnuclear fuel factory building, be full of high-temperature gas, accident treatment is caused to obstruction, simultaneously, the evaporation of cooling medium (or other reasons dehydration) causes liquid level to decline, irradiated fuel assembly because of expose outside cooling medium, lose cooling, even occur damaged, increased the danger that radiomaterial discharges.
Therefore, be badly in need of a kind of non-active Spent Fuel Pool heat let-off gear(stand).
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of non-active Spent Fuel Pool heat let-off gear(stand).
To achieve these goals, the non-active heat let-off gear(stand) of Spent Fuel Pool that the utility model provides a kind of flash distillation to drive, comprise cooling pond and flash system, described cooling pond is positioned at the top of described Spent Fuel Pool, described flash system comprises rising passway, decline passway, first starts valve and is positioned at the condenser of described cooling pond, the entrance of described rising passway is arranged in described Spent Fuel Pool and is positioned under the liquid level of cooling medium, the outlet of described rising passway is communicated with the entrance of described condenser, the outlet of described condenser is communicated with the entrance of described decline passway, the outlet of described decline passway is communicated with described Spent Fuel Pool, described first starts valve is arranged at described decline passway, in the described first described decline passway starting between valve and described condenser, be marked with cooling medium.
Compared with prior art, because the utility model is provided with described cooling pond above described Spent Fuel Pool, and between described Spent Fuel Pool and cooling pond, be provided with described flash system, cooling medium in the decline passway of dependence flash system flows into the pull of vacuum producing after described Spent Fuel Pool downwards, cooling medium after being heated by irradiated fuel assembly in described Spent Fuel Pool is risen in described rising passway, cooling medium rises gradually in described rising passway and pressure constantly drops to the saturation pressure of cooling medium at this temperature, so that cooling medium generation flash distillation, steam after flash distillation is via the cooling medium generation heat interchange in condenser and described cooling pond, again liquefaction becomes water, by described decline passway, flowed in described Spent Fuel Pool with circulation continuous said process again.The process of whole circulation is comprised of spontaneous phenomenons such as gravity, flash distillation and condensations, the pressure differential causing by gas and liquid in described rising passway and decline passway exist density difference and driving, do not rely on external electric power completely, even after accident completely during power-off, still can keep good cooling in described Spent Fuel Pool, reach the object that non-active heat is derived.
Preferably, the outlet of described decline passway is positioned at the below of the entrance of described rising passway.The outlet of described decline passway is arranged on to the below of the entrance of described rising passway, in order to allow the outlet of described decline passway try one's best away from the entrance of described rising passway, prevent that the cryogenic coolant flowing out from producing and disturbing the high temperature coolant of described rising passway porch from described decline passway, reduce the temperature that enters the cooling medium in described rising passway, affect the generation of its normal flass.
Preferably, described decline passway is positioned at a side of described Spent Fuel Pool, and the outlet of described decline passway is arranged on the lower end of described decline passway, and the bending of the lower end of described decline passway also runs through the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool from outside to inside.Described decline passway is communicated with described Spent Fuel Pool through the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool, with described decline passway directly invaded to described Spent Fuel Pool from top to bottom compare, can avoid after accident, before system circuit starts, the heat heating being produced by described Spent Fuel Pool because of the cooling medium in described decline passway has weakened driving force when system starts.
Particularly, described flash system also comprises that being arranged at second of described decline passway starts valve, and described the first startup valve and second starts valve and is separately positioned on inside and outside described Spent Fuel Pool.Because described decline passway has run through the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool, therefore, in order to prevent from causing the leakage of described Spent Fuel Pool, by described first, starting valve and second drives valve to be separately positioned on the both sides of the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool, meet safety requirements, guaranteed the isolation after pipeline cut.
Preferably, described Spent Fuel Pool is arranged in spentnuclear fuel factory building, and described cooling pond is arranged on outside described spentnuclear fuel factory building, and is positioned at the roof of described spentnuclear fuel factory building.Described cooling pond is arranged on outside described spentnuclear fuel factory building and can avoids the cooling medium in cooling pond to be subject to form high-temperature steam and be full of in spentnuclear fuel factory building after thermal evaporation, and by contacting with the direct of external environment, more easily the heat of cooling medium is taken away.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of the non-active heat let-off gear(stand) of Spent Fuel Pool of the utility model flash distillation driving.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the Figure of description providing, preferred embodiment of the present utility model is made to description.
As shown in Figure 1, the non-active heat let-off gear(stand) 1 of Spent Fuel Pool that the utility model flash distillation drives comprises cooling pond 10 and flash system 11, described cooling pond 10 is positioned at the top of described Spent Fuel Pool 2, described flash system 11 comprises rising passway 110, decline passway 111, first starts valve 112 and is positioned at the condenser 113 of described cooling pond, the entrance of described rising passway 110 is arranged in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 and is positioned under the liquid level of cooling medium, the outlet of described rising passway 110 is communicated with the entrance of described condenser 113, the outlet of described condenser 113 is communicated with the entrance of described decline passway 111, the outlet of described decline passway 111 is communicated with described Spent Fuel Pool 2, described first starts valve 112 is arranged at described decline passway 111, in the described first described decline passway 111 starting between valve 112 and described condenser 113, be marked with cooling medium.
Described Spent Fuel Pool 2, for storing and cooling irradiated fuel assembly 3, is therefore filled with cooling medium (water) in described Spent Fuel Pool 2, and cooling medium floods described irradiated fuel assembly 3 to avoid the exposed of irradiated fuel assembly 3 and to guarantee fully cooling.Described Spent Fuel Pool 2 is arranged in spentnuclear fuel factory building 4.For fear of the interference of extraneous factor and stop to produce to external world radioactive contamination after the unexpected breakage of irradiated fuel assembly 3, described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4 should arrange with external environment isolation.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, described flash system 11 also comprises that being arranged at second of described decline passway 111 starts valve 114.Described rising passway 110 and decline passway 111 are the pipeline being arranged between described Spent Fuel Pool 2 and cooling pond 10.Described condenser 113 is arranged in described cooling pond 10 and with the cooling medium (water) in described cooling pond 10 and keeps fully contacting to guarantee good heat interchange.The entrance of described rising passway 110 is arranged on its lower end, export end disposed thereon, submerge under the liquid level of the described cooling medium in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 in the lower end of described rising passway 110 (entrance), the degree of depth stretching under cooling medium can not limit, certainly, in order to guarantee better circulating effect, the degree of depth stretching into should not be excessively dark, makes cooling medium liquid level just flood the entrance of described rising passway 110.Described decline passway 111 is positioned at the side outside described Spent Fuel Pool 2, the entrance of described decline passway 111 is offered in the top, outlet is opened in its lower end, and the lower end of described decline passway 111 bending also runs through the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool 2 from outside to inside, the outlet of stretching into the described decline passway 111 in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 be positioned at described rising passway 110 entrance below and as far as possible away from the entrance of described rising passway 110 arrange.Described decline passway 111 is communicated with described Spent Fuel Pool 2 through the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool 2, with described decline passway 111 directly invaded to described Spent Fuel Pool 2 from top to bottom compare, can avoid after accident, before system circuit starts, the heat heating being produced by described Spent Fuel Pool 2 because of the cooling medium in described decline passway 111 has weakened driving force when system starts.The outlet of described decline passway 111 is arranged on described rising passway 110 entrance below and away from the entrance of described rising passway 110, for fear of the cryogenic coolant flowing out from described decline passway 111, the high temperature coolant of described rising passway 110 porch to be produced and disturbed, prevent that the temperature that enters the cooling medium in described rising passway 110 from reducing, and affects the generation of its normal flass.
Described the first startup valve 112 and second starts valve 114 and is separately positioned on inside and outside described Spent Fuel Pool 2, particularly, described the first startup valve 112 and second starts valve 114 and can adopt identical structure and synchronously open or close, therefore no matter which valve is arranged in described Spent Fuel Pool 2, outside which is arranged on, can reach identical effect, prevent the leakage of described Spent Fuel Pool 2.Because described decline passway 111 has run through the sidewall of described Spent Fuel Pool 2, according to associated safety rule, stipulate, need to the valve that play safety effect be all installed in the both sides of through part, first in the present embodiment starts valve 112 and the second starting valve, to guarantee the isolation after pipeline cut.Described first starts valve 112 and second starts built-in power supply (battery case etc.) driving of valve 114 dependence systems, does not need the support of external electric power.Simultaneously, can start valve by two is electrically connected to the temperature sensor in being arranged on described Spent Fuel Pool 2, when the temperature in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 reaches certain predetermined warning value, temperature sensor starts valve 114 to described the first startup valve 112 and second and sends signal, and described first starts valve 112 and second starts valve 114 by built-in power driving unlatching.Also set temperature sensor not, but described the first startup valve 112 and the second starting valve are set to become inverter logical circuit with primary power or the emergency power pack of nuclear power plant, when primary power or emergency power pack are powered when normal, described the first startup valve 112 and second starts valve 114 and closes, the loop of described flash system 11 is cut off and does not work, described Spent Fuel Pool 2 relies on conventional cooling system to carry out cooling, when nuclear power plant occurs accident and while causing primary power or emergency power pack to interrupt, described the first startup valve 112 and second starts valve 114 and is unlocked, described flash system 11 is communicated with and starts carries out effective cooling to described Spent Fuel Pool 2.Certainly, described the first startup valve 112 and second starts valve 114 and can also have manually operated function simultaneously, can be by manually opened.
Below mention, described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4 should keep the closed state being hedged off from the outer world, and the cooling medium of described cooling pond 10 can produce a large amount of steam in the process of cooling heat absorption, if therefore described cooling pond 10 is arranged in described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4, needing to arrange other pipeline discharges the steam producing, this has just caused being communicated with of described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4 and external environment, therefore, cooling pond described in the present embodiment 10 is arranged on outside described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4, and be positioned at the roof of described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4, incessantly like this can avoid described spentnuclear fuel factory building 4 and extraneous being communicated with, also make described cooling pond 10 directly contact with external environment, better heat-radiation effect.
Principle of work and the process of the non-active heat let-off gear(stand) 1 of Spent Fuel Pool that the utility model flash distillation drives are as follows: under stand-by state, in described decline passway 111, be marked with cooling medium, other pipeline spaces in described flash system 11 except holding cooling medium are the pressure environment identical with spentnuclear fuel factory building 4, and described first starts valve 112 and second starts valve 114 in normally off.When nuclear power plant occurs that mishap causes primary power and emergency power pack to interrupt, described the first startup valve 112 and second starts valve 114 by the unlatching or manually opened automatically of above disclosed several modes, described decline passway 111 is communicated with described Spent Fuel Pool 2, the liquid coolant being contained in described decline passway 111 flows in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 under the effect of gravity, make the certain region of no pressure of the interior formation of described decline passway 111, cause the pressure in described decline passway 111 to be less than the pressure in described rising passway 110, and the entrance of rising passway 110 has stretched under the liquid level of the cooling medium in described Spent Fuel Pool 2, therefore under the driving of pressure differential, heated cooling medium meeting " is inhaled into " and rises in described rising passway 110.Described cooling medium pressure in uphill process constantly reduces until the saturation pressure of cooling medium at this temperature, and cooling medium can flass occur and become gaseous state from liquid state.The cooling medium of gaseous state, because thereby proportion gently can rise in the described condenser 113 in described cooling pond 10 smoothly, carries out exchange heat liquefaction again with the cooling medium in cooling pond 10.Liquid cooling medium flows in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 via described decline passway 111 again, makes above-mentioned heat exchanging process be circulated and continue.
The actual magnitude setting of the non-active heat let-off gear(stand) 1 of Spent Fuel Pool in the utility model, flash distillation being driven will not limit, can for each Spent Fuel Pool 2, configure respectively a system according to the quantity of the inner Spent Fuel Pool 2 of spentnuclear fuel factory building 4, also can be to a plurality of systems of same described Spent Fuel Pool 2 configuration.
Compared with prior art, because the utility model is provided with described cooling pond 10 above described Spent Fuel Pool 2, and comprise rising passway 110 described in being provided with between described Spent Fuel Pool 2 and cooling pond 10, the flash system 11 of decline passway 111 and condenser 113, rely on the flash distillation of cooling medium in described rising passway 110, condensation in described condenser 113 and being subject in decline passway 111 this three natural processes that heavily fall, formed and cyclically the heat in described Spent Fuel Pool 2 has been passed to the heat exchanging process of described cooling pond 10, the circulation of process and continue the pressure differential causing by described rising passway 110 and the interior gas of decline passway 111 and liquid exist density difference and drive, do not rely on external electric power completely, even after accident completely during power-off, still can keep described Spent Fuel Pool 2 interior good cooling, reached the object that non-active heat is derived.
Above disclosed is only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, its effect is facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement according to this, certainly can not limit with this interest field of the utility model, therefore the equivalent variations of doing according to the utility model claim, still belongs to the scope that the utility model is contained.