CN203480754U - Brine experiment simulation system used for building ventilation and smoke exhaust experiment - Google Patents
Brine experiment simulation system used for building ventilation and smoke exhaust experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN203480754U CN203480754U CN201320561403.4U CN201320561403U CN203480754U CN 203480754 U CN203480754 U CN 203480754U CN 201320561403 U CN201320561403 U CN 201320561403U CN 203480754 U CN203480754 U CN 203480754U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a brine experiment simulation system used for a building ventilation and smoke exhaust experiment. According to the system, motion and diffusion of the brine in clear water are used to simulate spreading and heat transmission of smoke in the air. The system comprises an experiment clear water box, a model, a high level brine water box, a high level clear water box, a brine storage box, a clear water storage box, a model drainage pipe, a solar energy evaporation concentrator and a discharge tank, wherein the experiment clear water box is used to simulate an outdoor nature air supplement environment; the model is placed in the experiment clear water box and is used to simulate a tall building space; the high level brine water box is connected with the model through a brine injection tube; the high level clear water box is connected with the model through a model clear water injection tube; the brine storage box is connected with the high level brine water box; the clear water storage box is connected with the high level clear water box; the model drainage pipe is connected to a lower end of the model; the solar energy evaporation concentrator and the discharge tank are simultaneously connected with the model drainage pipe. Compared to the prior art, by using the system of the utility model, the structure is simple and manufacturing is simple; experiment simulation can be performed on different space ventilation and smoke exhaust effects; simulation accuracy is high and drainage water can be recycled.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to ventilation and anti-smoke evacuation field, especially relates to a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, is used to large space ventilation and anti-smoke exhaust that experimental basis is provided.
Background technology
Along with the progress of Building technology and the raising of living standards of the people, buildings is constantly to high, large, functional diversities development.Modern building is to meet the growing people for the pursuit of quality of the life, continues to bring out the large spaces such as all kinds of Zhongtings in buildings, brings very large pressure to ventilation and the anti-smoke evacuation of buildings.
In existing < < Code for fire protection design of buildings > > GB50016, the regulation of the mechanical smoke extraction amount of the contour large space of Zhongting is also just rested on according to volume and gets rate of ventilation consideration; Do not consider the feature of property of fire source and the large space itself of contingent fire.
But in volumed space buildings such as market, movie theatre, stadium, factory building, transit centre, density of personnel is larger, during breaking out of fire, in casualties, be owing to sucking smoke poisoning institute extremely or fainting after poisoning and burnt extremely mostly.Therefore, in order to guarantee that in fire, personnel have safe fire escape and enough evacuation times before flue gas draws out, the diffusion process of flue gas, the impact of various smoke exhaust method on the impact of flue gas Diffusion Law and the motion of flue gas diffusion couple indoor air flow be need to understand, to determine, the method for smoke diffusion and the mode that establishment officer evacuates effectively controlled.
Flue gas diffusion and the research of anti-smoke evacuation technology and the approach of application have full-scale fire test, small size simulation test and Computer Numerical Simulation.Wherein, abstract and the boundary condition of CFD simulation based on governing equation simplified, and in the situation that lacking experimental verification, is often difficult to determine the accuracy of result of calculation.Salt water modeling test is a kind of smoke movement research method of cleaning ambient of true directly perceived, cost saving, belong to small scale simulation test, be characterized in the simulation of different medium, its basic thought is that the motion in clear water and diffusion come that simulated flue gas is aerial to be spread and heat transmission with salt solution.
The hot flue gas that in pile Zhongting, high burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity causes, is subject to buoyancy, forms smoke plume and horizontal slice stream; The motion of salt solution in clear water forms run by gravity under Action of Gravity Field, and both have similarity by the governing equation of motion.Therefore, can adopt scale (model) test, make the move downward simulated flue gas of salt solution under segregation drive have moving upward of buoyancy-driven, motion and the diffusion process of the flue gas while simulating in actual large atrium with the density difference that salt solution and clear water produce that fire occurs, cold air environment is around replaced by clear water, and salt solution moves downward the flow simulating flue gas running into behind bottom surface and arrives flowing behind Zhongting top.If the ratio of relevant variable, just can predict the temperature occasion flue gas diffusion process in actual building by model test in known models and entity building.
The basic theories of salt water model test can be summarized with the analogy of heat and quality transmission, and in air, thermally stratified layer buoyant flow flows to simulate with density difference in clear water.Brine density is greater than clear water, and heat source temperature is higher than surrounding air, as long as both governing equations are consistent, two kinds of motions just may realize similar.Large atrium spatial flow flows to top by burning things which may cause a fire disaster heat radiation driving plume and spreads, and discharges by smoke exhaust fan; Outdoor air enters the volumetric expansion of indoor supplementary plume stream by mending wind blower fan and natural air inlet.Salt water model test narrows down to some scale by space, with high concentration salt solution, is slowly injected into and in clear water, carrys out simulation fire source.Salt solution plume density is greater than clear water, thereby moves downward.
The flue gas diffusion of Zhongting fire is in fact the natural convection under bottom burning things which may cause a fire disaster drives, and can adopt following characteristics amount: (1) feature height is spatial altitude H
mand H
f; (2) characteristic velocity (driving according to burning things which may cause a fire disaster and Yanyuan buoyance flux) is u
m=(B
m/ H
m)
1/3and u
f=(B
f/ H
f)
1/3; (3) characteristic time is H
m/ u
mand H
f/ u
f.
Through zero dimensionization, process, the governing equation (incompressible) of Architectural Atrium flue gas diffusion convective flow is:
In formula, k
i=0,1,0); Θ=Δ T/T
0;
And the governing equation of the poor convective motion of brine density is (incompressible):
Wherein, C=Δ ρ/ρ
0
Obviously, in the energy transmission in flue gas and clear water, salinity transmittance process can analogy.Because mass-conservation equation, momentum conservation equation and Θ are identical respectively with the square formula of C conservation, two movement difference equations (1) can be similar with (2).
According to similarity theory, set up model, guarantee scaled model and original building space have the way of testing under the prerequisite of identical criterion numeral (Fr, Re) have advantages of do not need to rely on empirical theory, reliability is high.In model test, due to the coefficient of viscosity of air, be water 15 times.Under the prerequisite of accuracy that guarantees experimental result, saline experiment can be accomplished less volume, thereby bring, is easy to measure, and experimental result is benefit intuitively.Simultaneously by changing the control mode of draining in salt source strength and brine tank, can reach under different burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity, the action effect of different smoke evacuation air quantity.
Different according to burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity, exhaust smoke level design is different, and in salt water simulation experiment, in draining, salt content is also very surprising.For fire source strength, more than 2MW, experiment consumption salt amount is more than 1kg/s (3.6t/h), and when source strength reaches 10MW, experiment consumption salt amount surpasses 4kg/s (14.4t/h).No matter from environmental protection, still save experimental expenses angle, all should experiment draining be focused on or be reclaimed.Sun power evaporation and concentration is to utilize certain device to collect solar energy optical-thermal, makes the evaporation of saline solns moisture, thereby reaches concentrated object.By correlative flow, control, make draining after sun power evaporation concentration device evaporation and concentration reaches salt solution reserve tank concentration, then be delivered to salt solution reserve tank.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is exactly that a kind of simple in structure, saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment that simulation accuracy is high is provided in order to overcome the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists.
The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
For a saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, for the smoke discharging effect of simulating under different fire intensity, difference is discharged fume air quantity, this system comprises:
Experiment filtered water tank: the outer wind environment of naturally mending of simulating chamber;
Model: be placed in experiment filtered water tank, simulation pile space;
Salt solution elevated tank: be connected with model by salt solution ascending pipe;
Clear water elevated tank: be connected with model by model clear water ascending pipe, be connected by filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe simultaneously with between experiment filtered water tank:
Storage brine tank: be connected with salt solution elevated tank, pump into salt solution to salt solution elevated tank;
Storage filtered water tank: be connected with clear water elevated tank, pump into clear water to clear water elevated tank;
Model drainpipe: the lower end that is connected to model;
Sun power evaporation concentrator: entrance point is connected with model drainpipe, endpiece is connected with storage brine tank;
Discharge casing: be connected with model drainpipe.
Between described storage brine tank and salt solution elevated tank, by salt solution riser, be connected, salt solution riser is provided with the first brine pump; Between described storage filtered water tank and clear water elevated tank, by clear water riser, be connected, clear water riser is provided with clarified water pump.
On described salt solution ascending pipe, model clear water ascending pipe, model drainpipe, salt solution riser and clear water riser, be equipped with flow control valve, described salt solution ascending pipe, model clear water ascending pipe, model drainpipe and filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe are provided with flowmeter.
The bottom of described experiment filtered water tank, salt solution reserve tank and clear water reserve tank is equipped with blowdown draw-off valve.
Between described salt solution elevated tank and storage brine tank, be provided with the first run-down pipe, between described clear water elevated tank and storage filtered water tank, be provided with the second run-down pipe.
Described salt solution ascending pipe is provided with and can makes salt solution with the salt solution inlet of high turbulent flow, low velocity injection model inside, and this salt solution inlet is current-sharing sudden expansion cavity.
Described model drainpipe is provided with densitometer, and the pipeline that model drainpipe is positioned at after densitometer is connected with sun power evaporation concentrator and discharge casing respectively, and the inlet end of sun power evaporation concentrator and discharge casing is respectively equipped with switch valve.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) system architecture of the present utility model is simple, is easy to manufacture, and simulates the model in pile space and can change in experiment filtered water tank, can carry out experimental simulation to different space ventilators and smoke discharging effect.
(2) the utility model can, by changing salt solution kind, proportioning and density, be realized the flue gas diffusion property of different burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity and the experimental simulation of smoke discharging effect.
(3) salt solution inlet is realized the requirement of low speed, high turbulent flow by current-sharing sudden expansion cavity, presses close to property of fire source.
(4) in the utility model, draining unification focuses on, and avoids causing environmental pollution, when simultaneously the ratio of concentration is greater than 20% in draining salt concentration and brine tank, can adopt the sun power evaporation and concentration in device to carry out reuse.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
In figure: 1 is storage brine tank, and 2 is the first brine pump, and 3 is salt solution elevated tank, 4 is salt solution ascending pipe, and 5 is experiment filtered water tank, and 6 is model, 7 is model drainpipe, 8 is flowmeter, and 9 is sun power evaporation concentrator, and 10 is the second brine pump, 11 is discharge casing, 12 is storage filtered water tank, and 13 is clarified water pump, and 14 is clear water elevated tank, 15 is filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe, 16 is model clear water ascending pipe, and 17 is densitometer, and 18 is salt solution riser, 19 is clear water riser, 20 is the first run-down pipe, and 21 is the second run-down pipe, and 22 is blowdown draw-off valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
A kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, for the smoke discharging effect of simulating under different fire intensity, difference is discharged fume air quantity, as shown in Figure 1, this system comprises outer experiment filtered water tank 5, model 6, salt solution ascending pipe 4, model clear water ascending pipe 16, model drainpipe 7, salt solution elevated tank 3, clear water elevated tank 14, storage brine tank 1, storage filtered water tank 12, sun power evaporation concentrator 9 and the discharge casing 11 of naturally mending wind environment of simulating chamber; Wherein, the model 6 in simulation pile space is placed in experiment filtered water tank 5; Salt solution ascending pipe 4 is connected to the upper end of model 6; Model clear water ascending pipe 16 is connected to the upper end of model 6; Model drainpipe 7 is connected to the lower end of model 6; Salt solution elevated tank 3 is connected with salt solution ascending pipe 4; Clear water elevated tank 14 is connected with model clear water ascending pipe 16, is connected by filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe 15 simultaneously with between experiment filtered water tank 5; Storage brine tank 1 is connected with salt solution elevated tank 3; Storage filtered water tank 12 is connected with clear water elevated tank 14; Sun power evaporation concentrator 9 entrance points are connected with model drainpipe 7, and endpiece is connected with storage brine tank 1, and are provided with the second brine pump 10 between sun power evaporation concentrator 9 and storage brine tank 1; Discharge casing 11 is connected with model drainpipe 7.
Between storage brine tank 1 and salt solution elevated tank 3, by salt solution riser 18, be connected, salt solution riser 18 is provided with the first brine pump 2; Between storage filtered water tank 12 and clear water elevated tank 14, by clear water riser 19, be connected, clear water riser 19 is provided with clarified water pump 13.
On salt solution ascending pipe 4, model clear water ascending pipe 16, model drainpipe 7, salt solution riser 18 and clear water riser 19, be equipped with flow control valve, salt solution ascending pipe 4, model clear water ascending pipe 16, model drainpipe 7 and filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe 15 are provided with flowmeter 8.
The bottom of experiment filtered water tank 5, salt solution reserve tank 1 and clear water reserve tank 12 is equipped with blowdown draw-off valve 22.
Between salt solution elevated tank 3 and storage brine tank 1, be provided with the first run-down pipe 20, between clear water elevated tank 14 and storage filtered water tank 12, be provided with the second run-down pipe 21.
Salt solution ascending pipe 4 is provided with and can makes salt solution with the salt solution inlet of high turbulent flow, low velocity injection model 6 inside, and this salt solution inlet is current-sharing sudden expansion cavity.
Model drainpipe 7 is provided with densitometer 17, and the pipeline that model drainpipe 7 is positioned at after densitometer 17 is connected with sun power evaporation concentrator 9 and discharge casing 11 respectively, and the inlet end of sun power evaporation concentrator 9 and discharge casing 11 is respectively equipped with switch valve.
For a using method for the saline experiment simulation system of building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, the method motion in clear water and spread that simulated flue gas is aerial spreads and heat transmission with salt solution, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) by regulating the flow control salt source strength of salt solution ascending pipe 4, simulate different fire intensity;
(2) by regulating the flow of model drainpipe 7 to carry out draining control, the smoke discharging effect under the different smoke evacuation of simulation air quantity;
(3) by regulating the flow of model clear water ascending pipe 16 to carry out moisturizing control, wind effect is mended in simulation smoke evacuation;
(4) by changing salt solution kind, proportioning and density, and different drainage patterns, carry out different salt water tests, to simulate flue gas diffusion property and the smoke discharging effect of different burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity;
(5) when the salt concentration in model drainpipe 7 is greater than 20% with the ratio that stores up the salt concentration of brine tank 1, open the switch valve of sun power evaporation concentrator 9 inlet ends, the draining of model drainpipe 7 flows in sun power evaporation concentrator 9, after concentrating the salt concentration that reaches storage brine tank 1, be delivered in storage brine tank 1, when the salt concentration in model drainpipe 7 is less than 20% with the ratio that stores up the salt concentration of brine tank 1, the switch valve of opening water discharge case 11 inlet ends, the draining of model drainpipe 7 flows in discharge casing 11 and collects.
When fire source strength is between 0～2MW, salt water test salt is NaCl, and the scope of salt solusion density is 0～1300kg/m
3; When fire source strength is between 2～10MW, salt water test salt is CaCl
2, the density of salt solusion is greater than 1300kg/m
3.
Embodiment 2
Utilize the saline experiment simulation system in the utility model, the smoke diffusion situation of center, Shanghai large atrium is simulated.According to similarity theory, adopt Fr number to equate, the mode of Re self-modeling.Check as calculated, it is 1:40 that model geometric engineer's scale is set.It is as follows that the fire intensity operating mode that need to simulate is divided into (0.2MW, 1MW, 2.1MW.5MW.10MW) experimental arrangement:
(1) model geometric engineer's scale, fire intensity as required, select CaCl
2solution is as salt solusion, and solution ratio and density are determined respectively according to burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity; According to the requirement of correlation proportion chi, regulate and set salt solution injection flow, drain discharge and refill flow;
(2) trial run associated pipe system, guarantees that relevant mouth of pipe water outlet meets design concentration and traffic requirement;
(3) according to shown in Fig. 1, the Atrium Space building model 6 that proportionally chi customizes is inverted in experiment filtered water tank 5, according to fire occurrence positions, smoke vent position, smoke evacuation, mends the position of wind position in model and connect respectively corresponding salt solution ascending pipe 4, model drainpipe 7, model clear water ascending pipe 16;
(4) according to the time scale factor of simulated experiment and fire disaster simulation time period, carry out the simulation of the response time under different fire intensity.Every 5s, saline experiment case is taken pictures during this time;
(5) when the salt concentration in model drainpipe 7 is greater than 20% with the ratio that stores up the salt concentration of brine tank 1, open the switch valve of sun power evaporation concentrator 9 inlet ends, the draining of model drainpipe 7 flows in sun power evaporation concentrator 9, after concentrating the salt concentration that reaches storage brine tank 1, be delivered in storage brine tank 1, when the salt concentration in model drainpipe 7 is less than 20% with the ratio that stores up the salt concentration of brine tank 1, the switch valve of opening water discharge case 11 inlet ends, the draining of model drainpipe 7 flows in discharge casing 11 and collects;
(6) experimental session, injects flow and salt solution elevated tank 3 moisture storage capacitys according to salt solution, regularly opens the first brine pump 2; In like manner clear water elevated tank 14 is also done to similar processing.
Claims (7)
1. for a saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, for the smoke discharging effect of simulating under different fire intensity, difference is discharged fume air quantity, it is characterized in that, this system comprises:
Experiment filtered water tank (5): the outer wind environment of naturally mending of simulating chamber;
Model (6): be placed in experiment filtered water tank (5), simulation pile space;
Salt solution elevated tank (3): be connected with model (6) by salt solution ascending pipe (4);
Clear water elevated tank (14): be connected with model (6) by model clear water ascending pipe (16), be connected by filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe (15) simultaneously with between experiment filtered water tank (5);
Storage brine tank (1): be connected with salt solution elevated tank (3), pump into salt solution to salt solution elevated tank (3);
Storage filtered water tank (12): be connected with clear water elevated tank (14), pump into clear water to clear water elevated tank (14);
Model drainpipe (7): the lower end that is connected to model (6);
Sun power evaporation concentrator (9): entrance point is connected with model drainpipe (7), endpiece is connected with storage brine tank (1);
Discharge casing (11): be connected with model drainpipe (7).
2. a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between described storage brine tank (1) and salt solution elevated tank (3), by salt solution riser (18), be connected, salt solution riser (18) is provided with the first brine pump (2); Between described storage filtered water tank (12) and clear water elevated tank (14), by clear water riser (19), be connected, clear water riser (19) is provided with clarified water pump (13).
3. a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, on described salt solution ascending pipe (4), model clear water ascending pipe (16), model drainpipe (7), salt solution riser (18) and clear water riser (19), be equipped with flow control valve, described salt solution ascending pipe (4), model clear water ascending pipe (16), model drainpipe (7) and filtered water tank clear water ascending pipe (15) are provided with flowmeter (8).
4. a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom of described experiment filtered water tank (5), salt solution reserve tank (1) and clear water reserve tank (12) is equipped with blowdown draw-off valve (22).
5. a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between described salt solution elevated tank (3) and storage brine tank (1), be provided with the first run-down pipe (20), between described clear water elevated tank (14) and storage filtered water tank (12), be provided with the second run-down pipe (21).
6. a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described salt solution ascending pipe (4) is provided with and can makes salt solution with high turbulent flow, the inner salt solution inlet of low velocity injection model (6).
7. a kind of saline experiment simulation system for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described model drainpipe (7) is provided with densitometer (17), model drainpipe (7) is positioned at densitometer (17) pipeline afterwards and is connected with sun power evaporation concentrator (9) and discharge casing (11) respectively, and the inlet end of sun power evaporation concentrator (9) and discharge casing (11) is respectively equipped with switch valve.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103440810A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-11 | 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Salt water experiment simulation system used for building ventilation and smoke discharge experiments and using method thereof |
| CN106251769A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-21 | 西安西元电子科技有限公司 | A kind of building pipe connection training device |
| CN106548698A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-29 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The experimental simulation device of smoke evacuation kinestate in a kind of building |
| CN109375529A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-22 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of water route harmful influence transport leakage pollution Failure Simulation device |
-
2013
- 2013-09-10 CN CN201320561403.4U patent/CN203480754U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103440810A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-11 | 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Salt water experiment simulation system used for building ventilation and smoke discharge experiments and using method thereof |
| CN103440810B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-04-13 | 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | For saline experiment simulation system and the using method of building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment |
| CN106251769A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-21 | 西安西元电子科技有限公司 | A kind of building pipe connection training device |
| CN106251769B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2019-02-19 | 西安西元电子科技有限公司 | A kind of building pipe connection training device |
| CN106548698A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-29 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The experimental simulation device of smoke evacuation kinestate in a kind of building |
| CN106548698B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-12-28 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of experimental simulation device of the interior smoke evacuation motion state of building |
| CN109375529A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-22 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of water route harmful influence transport leakage pollution Failure Simulation device |
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Granted publication date: 20140312 Effective date of abandoning: 20160413 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
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| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |