CN103439077B - A kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment - Google Patents
A kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN103439077B CN103439077B CN201310410390.5A CN201310410390A CN103439077B CN 103439077 B CN103439077 B CN 103439077B CN 201310410390 A CN201310410390 A CN 201310410390A CN 103439077 B CN103439077 B CN 103439077B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, this device includes medium ascending pipe and cushion chamber, cushion chamber is connected to the lower end of medium ascending pipe, cushion chamber and the cavity wall of medium ascending pipe junction offer medium hand-hole, the inside of cushion chamber is provided with internal diversion orifice plate, and the bottom of cushion chamber is provided with outlet guide discharge orifice plate；Medium, goes out from outlet guide discharge orifice plate current, from the fluid that medium is low velocity high turbulent flow that outlet guide discharge orifice plate current goes out from medium ascending pipe by passing through internal diversion orifice plate inside medium hand-hole entrance cushion chamber.Compared with prior art, the present invention is by the combined effect of the guide hole of interlaced setting on medium hand-hole and three layers orifice plate, reduce velocity of medium and add fluid turbulent degree simultaneously, the contradiction that the low velocity high turbulent flow that the initial momentum solving ventilation smoke exhaust medium experiment intermediary mass flow is not zero and causes can not reach simultaneously, the error reducing experiment of high degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Thermal plume to ventilate and smoke evacuation field, especially relate to a kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of economic society, the raising of Building technology level and people's living standard, increasing large-space clean factory building becomes the residence space of people's work and life, for instance market, movie theatre, stadium, Factory Building, transit centre etc..Modern building is the pursuit meeting the growing people for quality of the life, continues to bring out the large spaces such as all kinds of Zhongtings in building, brings very big pressure to the ventilation of building and smoke controlling.There is problems in that when ventilating with smoke exhaust at large-space clean factory building at present
1, large space ventilates owing to there is the thermal convection current plume driven by thermal source, thus result in large space thermally stratified layer, and this phenomenon make large space the calculating of air conditioner load, the control of indoor air quality, air conditioning terminal selection all have a certain impact, and lack the research of thermally stratified layer common feature and theory thereof at present, mathematical model is not enough, it is impossible to form the theoretical system generally acknowledged.Therefore study the Thermal plume of large space to ventilate carry calculation to air, the rationally selection of system and end has important effect, and then effectively control propagation and the diffusion that indoor harmful gas, particulate matter and disease carrying germ flow with air, and the energy-conservation of whole air conditioning system also has important effect.
2, in the smoke exhaust of large space, the thermally stratified layer caused by flue gas thermal convection current plume is also the common phenomenon in inside fire and smoke movement, in existing " Code for fire protection design of buildings " GB50016, the regulation of the mechanical exhaustion of the contour large space of Zhongting is also merely resting on and takes rate of ventilation consideration according to volume；Do not account for the property of fire source of contingent fire and the feature of large space itself.The density of personnel of volumed space building is relatively big, during breaking out of fire, casualties is mostly due to suck smoke poisoning institute to or poisoning after faint burnt dead.Therefore, in order to ensure that in fire, personnel have safe fire escape and enough evacuation times before flue gas draws out, it should be understood that the impact that impact and the flue gas diffusion couple indoor air flow of flue gas Diffusion Law are moved by the diffusion process of flue gas, various smoke exhaust method, in order to determine the mode that the effective method controlling smoke diffusion and establishment officer evacuate.
Main method used by current ventilation smoke controlling flue gas analysis is CFD numerical simulation and model experiment 2 kinds.Wherein, CFD simulation simplifies based on abstract and the boundary condition of governing equation, when lacking experimental verification, it tends to be difficult to determine the accuracy of result of calculation.And set up model according to the theory of similarity, it is ensured that scaled model and original building space have the way carrying out testing under the premise of identical criterion numeral (Fr, Re) and have the advantage not needing to rely on empirical theory, reliability is high.
Model experiment is generally divided into the model test of the same medium of hot-air flow field simulation thermal convection current plume and model test two class of the different medium with brine density flow field simulation thermal convection current plume.Smoke evacuation and heat are ventilated, and general satisfaction Fr is equal, Re is close in experiment, generally enters from mould district Re number as the condition meeting model experiment.Usual simulation experiment all has the initial momentum of medium stream to be not zero and result in the error problem of simulation.In actual smoke diffusion process, flue gas is power-actuated by buoyancy or mechanical exhaust, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster has the feature of high turbulent flow low velocity.But in dielectric model is tested, medium injects and has certain initial velocity, and medium moves after injecting under the combined effect of gravity and initial momentum.Meanwhile, in order to ensure the high turbulent flow of simulated fire source sum, it is necessary to ensure Re >=104Namely ensureing that turbulent flow is injected to keep at high speed thus forming turbulent flow, this just defines contradiction with the condition of low velocity.Simultaneously for Re number similarity, accurate not as different medium experimental simulation with medium experiment, there is certain error, but if strengthening by improving medium release device turbulent flow, it is possible to similarity is substantially improved.
Discharge, in order to solve medium, the problem that momentum is not zero, the invention provides a kind of for the release device of simulation thermal source high turbulent flow, low velocity feature in building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment.Solve building fire, Thermal plume ventilates the key problem of source conditional likelihood in the experiment of different medium, and the geometric similarity scope of model experiment can be substantially improved.Simultaneously improve medium release device turbulent flow to strengthen, it is possible to same medium experiment similarity is substantially improved, reduces experimental error, increase experiment use scope.This device is common in building ventilation smoke evacuation model experiment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be contemplated to overcome the medium that above-mentioned prior art exists to discharge problem that momentum is not zero and a kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment is provided, this device can simulate the feature of thermal source high turbulent flow, low velocity.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, this device includes medium ascending pipe and cushion chamber, described cushion chamber is connected to the lower end of medium ascending pipe, cushion chamber and the cavity wall of medium ascending pipe junction offer medium hand-hole, the inside of described cushion chamber is provided with internal diversion orifice plate, and the bottom of cushion chamber is provided with outlet guide discharge orifice plate；
Medium enters inside cushion chamber from medium ascending pipe by medium hand-hole, flow through the medium velocity after medium hand-hole to increase, turbulent flow is strengthened rapidly, medium passes through internal diversion orifice plate, go out from outlet guide discharge orifice plate current, medium is carried out current-sharing and slows down further by internal diversion orifice plate and outlet guide discharge orifice plate, filters the vortex of large scale, from the fluid that medium is low velocity high turbulent flow that outlet guide discharge orifice plate current goes out simultaneously.
Described medium ascending pipe is cylindrical pipe, is welded to connect between medium ascending pipe and cushion chamber.
Described cushion chamber is circular cylindrical cavity.
Described internal diversion orifice plate is provided with several, the vertical layered inside being laid in cushion chamber.
As preferably, described internal diversion orifice plate is provided with two altogether, it is divided into upper and lower two-layer and is arranged on inside cushion chamber, two the internal diversion orifice plates laid up and down constitute the three layers orifice plate be arrangeding in parallel together with outlet guide discharge orifice plate, this three layers orifice plate all offers some guide holes, and the guide hole on every layer of orifice plate is interlaced.
On described internal diversion orifice plate and outlet guide discharge orifice plate, the percent opening of guide hole is 40%～60%.
The aperture of described medium hand-hole is 8～20mm.
Medium is the fluid of low velocity high turbulent flow after going out from described outlet guide discharge orifice plate current, when this medium is at distance outlet guide discharge orifice plate H0Place's momentum meetsDuring less than or equal to 0.1, more than this distance H0Space can ignore the initial momentum of medium stream and be not zero the error caused.In formula, B represents the ratio of the gravity momentum of salt current, H0For the distance of distance outlet guide discharge orifice plate, ρ represents injection brine density, ρ0Representing environment clear water density, V represents the injection rate of salt current, and g represents acceleration of gravity.
The turbulivity of source of release is strengthened by this device, can so that similarity be substantially improved, change with regard to Re number similarity, with medium experiment not as the present situation of different dielectric testing, this device is made to can be used for the model test with the same medium of hot-air flow field simulation thermal convection current plume and the model test of the different medium with brine density flow field simulation thermal convection current plume.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) turbulivity of source of release is strengthened by this device, can so that similarity be substantially improved, this device is made to can be used for the model test of the same medium with " hot-air stream " simulation " thermal convection current plume " and the model test of the different medium with " brine density stream " simulation " thermal convection current plume ".
(2) by the combined effect of the guide hole of interlaced setting on medium hand-hole and three layers orifice plate, reduce velocity of medium to the full extent and add fluid turbulent degree simultaneously.
(3) contradiction that the low velocity high turbulent flow that the initial momentum solving ventilation smoke exhaust medium experiment intermediary mass flow is not zero and causes can not reach simultaneously, in the error reducing experiment of high degree.
(4) present invention is common in the same medium of ventilation smoke exhaust, the experiment of different dielectric model, and heat (fire) the source high turbulent flow simulation for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment provides feasible program, provides experimental basis for large space ventilation smoke effluent design.
(5) assembly of the invention simple in construction, it is easy to manufacture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1 is medium ascending pipe, 2 is medium hand-hole, and 3 is internal diversion orifice plate, and 4 is cushion chamber, and 5 is outlet guide discharge orifice plate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
A kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, as shown in Figure 1, this device includes medium ascending pipe 1 and cushion chamber 4, cushion chamber 4 is connected to the lower end of medium ascending pipe 1, cushion chamber 4 and the cavity wall of medium ascending pipe 1 junction offer medium hand-hole 2, the inside of cushion chamber 4 is provided with internal diversion orifice plate 3, and the bottom of cushion chamber 4 is provided with outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5.
Wherein, medium ascending pipe 1 is cylindrical pipe, is welded to connect between medium ascending pipe 1 and cushion chamber 4.Cushion chamber 4 is circular cylindrical cavity.Internal diversion orifice plate 3 can be provided with several, the vertical layered inside being laid in cushion chamber 4, in the present embodiment, internal diversion orifice plate 3 is provided with two altogether, it is divided into upper and lower two-layer and is arranged on cushion chamber 4 inside, two the internal diversion orifice plates 3 laid up and down constitute the three layers orifice plate be arrangeding in parallel together with outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5, this three layers orifice plate all offers some guide holes, and the guide hole on every layer of orifice plate is interlaced.Wherein, on internal diversion orifice plate 3 and outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5, the percent opening of guide hole is 40%～60%.The aperture of medium hand-hole 2 is 8～20mm.
It is internal that medium enters cushion chamber 4 from medium ascending pipe 1 by medium hand-hole 2, flow through the medium velocity after medium hand-hole 2 to increase, turbulent flow is strengthened rapidly, medium passes through internal diversion orifice plate 3, flow out from outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5, medium is carried out current-sharing and slows down further by internal diversion orifice plate 3 and outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5, filters the vortex of large scale simultaneously, from the fluid that medium is low velocity high turbulent flow that outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5 flows out.
Medium is the fluid of low velocity high turbulent flow after flowing out from outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5, when this medium is at distance outlet guide discharge orifice plate 5H0Place's momentum meetsDuring less than or equal to 0.1, more than this distance H0Space can ignore the initial momentum of medium stream and be not zero the error caused.In formula, B represents the ratio of the gravity momentum of salt current, H0For the distance of distance outlet guide discharge orifice plate, ρ represents injection brine density, ρ0Representing environment clear water density, V represents the injection rate of salt current, and g represents acceleration of gravity.
The turbulivity of source of release is strengthened by this device, can so that similarity be substantially improved, change with regard to Re number similarity, with medium experiment not as the present situation of different dielectric testing, this device is made to can be used for the model test with the same medium of hot-air flow field simulation thermal convection current plume and the model test of the different medium with brine density flow field simulation thermal convection current plume.
Claims (4)
1. the general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment, it is characterized in that, this device includes medium ascending pipe (1) and cushion chamber (4), described medium ascending pipe (1) is cylindrical pipe, described cushion chamber (4) is circular cylindrical cavity, described cushion chamber (4) is connected to the lower end of medium ascending pipe (1), cushion chamber (4) and the cavity wall of medium ascending pipe (1) junction offer medium hand-hole (2), the inside of described cushion chamber (4) is provided with internal diversion orifice plate (3), the bottom of cushion chamber (4) is provided with outlet guide discharge orifice plate (5)；
Described internal diversion orifice plate (3) is provided with two altogether, it is divided into upper and lower two-layer and is arranged on cushion chamber (4) inside, two the internal diversion orifice plates (3) laid up and down constitute the three layers orifice plate be arrangeding in parallel together with outlet guide discharge orifice plate (5), this three layers orifice plate all offers some guide holes, and the guide hole on every layer of orifice plate is interlaced；
It is internal that medium enters cushion chamber (4) from medium ascending pipe (1) by medium hand-hole (2), flow through the medium velocity after medium hand-hole (2) to increase, turbulent flow is strengthened rapidly, medium passes through internal diversion orifice plate (3), flow out from outlet guide discharge orifice plate (5), medium is carried out current-sharing by internal diversion orifice plate (3) and outlet guide discharge orifice plate (5), filter the vortex of large scale, from the fluid that medium is low velocity high turbulent flow that outlet guide discharge orifice plate (5) flows out simultaneously.
2. a kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be welded to connect between medium ascending pipe (1) and cushion chamber (4).
3. a kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the percent opening of described internal diversion orifice plate (3) and the upper guide hole of outlet guide discharge orifice plate (5) is 40%～60%.
4. a kind of general release source device for building ventilation smoke evacuation experiment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aperture of described medium hand-hole (2) is 8～20mm.
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