CN203476597U - 水压式波浪能转换器 - Google Patents

水压式波浪能转换器 Download PDF

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CN203476597U
CN203476597U CN201320453884.7U CN201320453884U CN203476597U CN 203476597 U CN203476597 U CN 203476597U CN 201320453884 U CN201320453884 U CN 201320453884U CN 203476597 U CN203476597 U CN 203476597U
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wave energy
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陈家山
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
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Abstract

一种用于将波浪的能量转换为高压水能量的水压式波浪能转换器，由浮于水面的、矩形的上浮体(1)，水下的、圆柱壳形的下浮体(2)和第一缆绳(3)，第二缆绳(4)挂杆(5)，球铰接挂钩(6)，海底锚桩(7)等系留设施组成。上浮体(1)较宽的两侧边垂直地固定有多个水压缸(8)，水压缸(8)通过活塞头(27)，活塞杆(28)和活塞杆座(29)与下浮体(2)可靠连接。水压式波浪能转换器可以将波浪运动的垂直分量和水平分量转换为高压水能，用以冲击水轮发电机组发电。该波浪能转换器造价较低，维护简单，波能转换率高。

Description

水压式波浪能转换器
技术领域
本实用新型属于可再生能源范畴，涉及一种将海洋波浪能转换为高压水能，以推动水轮发电机发电的装置。 
背景技术
为了减少碳排放，以遏制全球变暖，出现了很多利用海洋波浪能发电的产品和专利，如英国的“海蛇”装置，它由三节，每节长40M，直径约3M的金属圆筒组成，圆筒内装有液压机械，金属圆筒在波浪中起伏，驱动液压机械发电，最大发电功率为750kw。其缺点是结构复杂，维护困难，波能利用效率低。又如“浮箱式波浪能发电装置”(中国专利号：85100366.4)，该装置由水面的缸浮体，水下的活塞浮体和系留装置组成，在波浪的作用下，缸浮体和活塞浮体作相对运动而发电。要求在波浪(非正弦波)作用时，缸浮体和活塞浮体随波浪周期摆动，但实际上活塞浮体以其下方的两处系留点为转轴转动，带动缸浮体也同样作大角度转动，故缸浮体虽然吃水增加了，浮力也增加了，但作功分量很小，即发电量很小；同时缸浮体因为作大角度转动，浮力增加很多，故当波浪作用力减弱时，缸浮体立刻在浮力作用下返回垂直位置，即缸浮体的运动与波浪周期不同步。另外，缸浮体上的压力缸缸盖与压力缸内径相等，使布置在缸盖上的进水阀，排水阀的通径较小，导致吸、排水不畅；进水阀和排水阀的结构也不合适，使压力缸不能保持气密和水密；再就是框架式导向轨易腐蚀、受损，导致缸浮体运动受阻，活塞杆变形。 
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是，提供一种能可靠地、高效率地将波浪的作用力转换为水的压力的装置，高压水可用于冲击水斗式水轮机发电。 
本实用新型的技术方案是，水压式波浪能转换器由上浮体1，下浮体2，第一缆绳3，第二缆绳4，挂杆5，球铰接挂钩6和海底锚桩7组成，其特征是，上浮体1为矩形的空心混凝土构筑物，其较宽的两侧各垂直地、等距离地固定有两个以上(含两个)水压缸8，水压缸8的上端固定有喇叭形接头9，下端固定有喇叭形接头10，喇叭形接头9的大端有缸盖11，缸盖11的中央有排水口12，两边有进水口13，喇叭形接头10的大端有缸盖14，缸盖14中心的圆孔安装有轴瓦15，周边有排水口16和进水口17，排水口12，16分别与排水阀室18，排水管19，20连接，进水口13，17分别与进水阀室21，进水管22连接，排水阀室18内有排水阀23和压簧24，进水阀室21内有进水阀25和压簧26，水压缸8内有与缸壁滑动配合的活塞头27和与之连接的活塞杆28，上浮体1连同水压缸8的比重为0.5，下浮体2为密封的圆柱形壳体，下浮体2的上部有数量和位置均与活塞杆28对应的活塞杆座29，下浮体2的一侧有第一耳环30，31，另一侧有第二耳环32，33，第一缆绳3经挂杆5与第一耳环30，31固定连接，第二缆绳4经挂杆5与第二耳环32，33固定连接，挂杆5经球铰接挂钩6与海底锚桩7连接。 
下面对本实用新型的工作原理和工作过程作详细的说明。 
波浪是水质点的环形运动，此环形运动的任一点都可以分解为垂直方向和水平方向两个运动分量，垂直方向分量称为垂直波，它对波浪中的物体有抬升作用，水平方向分量称为摇荡波，它对物体有推拉 作用，摇荡波的能量较大。当波浪到达本实用新型装置时，因下浮体2及其上的活塞杆28已被锚定，垂直波只会使上浮体1及固定于其上的水压缸8向上抬升，故活塞头27作向下的相对运动，使其下方的海水受压；同时另一分量摇荡波使上浮体1和下浮体2倾斜，因活塞杆28的连接作用，和第一缆绳3，第二缆绳4的约束作用，使上浮体1，下浮体2以球铰接挂钩6为转轴，作相同角度倾斜，使上浮体1的吃水增加，因此所受的浮力也增加了，增加的浮力称为附加浮力，以F表示，F的分量F1也使上浮体1向上抬升，如图8所示，于是在垂直波和摇荡波的共同作用下，上浮体1向上抬升，活塞头27下方的海水受压，缸盖14上进水阀室21内的进水阀25关闭，排水阀室18内的排水阀23打开，高压水经排水管20排出作功，同时缸盖11上排水阀室18内的排水阀23在弹簧24的作用下关闭，保证了水压缸8内的气密，在外界大气压力的作用下，进水阀室21内的进水阀25打开，经进水管22抽吸海水到活塞头27上方的缸体内，以备下一步作功。 
当波浪经过1/2周期后，抬升力和推拉力均已消失，下浮体2在其浮力的水平分量作用下向垂直位置回归，并经活塞杆28带动上浮体1回归垂直位置。因上浮体1在抬升作功过程中吃水减少了，即具有了位能，如图9所示，故在重力作用下落回海面，因活塞27已被具有足够浮力的下浮体2顶住，故活塞27作向上的相对运动，与前述类似，高压水经排水管19排出作功，同时进水口17抽吸海水到活塞27下方的缸体内，以备下一波浪到来时作功。 
由上述可知，在波浪的前半周期内，本实用新型将波浪能的一部分转换为高压水能供输出，另一部分转换为上浮体1的位能供贮存，由于上浮体的比重为0.5，所以这两部分能量是相等的。而在波浪的 后半周期，贮存的位能又转换成高压水能输出，且转换过程与波浪同步，故本实用新型可持续地输出高压水能。高压水经柔性压力管引至水斗式水轮机—发电机组发电，水斗式水轮机—发电机组安装在本实用新型内侧附近海面的平台或趸船上，所发电力为交流电，可直接并入附近海岸上的电网。 
当波浪小于设计利用波高时，高压水的压强较小，所发电力也较少，但仍可持续发电；当波浪大于设计利用波高时，将出现尚未经过1/2周期，而活塞27已到达水压缸8的下端，不能再移动作功的情况，高压水的输出将出现间断，解决的办法是适当增加水压缸8和活塞杆28的长度，使在大波浪时仍能持续作功。 
水压缸8可由无缝钢管制成，缸内壁衬以由耐海水腐蚀的钛金属板制成的缸套。 
第一缆绳3，第二缆绳4可以由高强度钢丝制成，也可以由强度更高且耐腐蚀的炭纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维制成，炭纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维缆绳外面包覆有铠装保护层。 
由上述可知，本实用新型的优点是： 
1、通过在下浮体2两侧多点系留的方式，使下浮体2只能以球铰接挂钩6为转轴摆动，自身不会转动，从而使上浮体1，下浮体2和第一缆绳3，第二缆绳4能够在摇荡波的作用下以相同角度倾斜，使摇荡波能量被充分利用，并使上浮体1的作功过程与波浪同步。 
2、上浮体1两侧边垂直排列的多个水压缸8和下浮体2上与之对应排列的活塞杆28将上浮体1和下浮体2可靠地联系在一起，故即使在严酷的海洋环境中，上浮体1也能运动自如。 
3、水压缸8的上、下两端采用喇叭形接头，使进水口、排水口的布置合理，保证了水压缸8吸、排水的通畅。 
4、在作功转换时刻，即排水口12或16停止排出高压水的瞬间，压簧24和排水阀23保证了缸内的气密，使压力缸8能重新充满水；在进水口13或17停止进水的瞬间，压簧26和进水阀25保证了缸内的水密，使高压水不致泄漏，使面使水压缸8能有效工作。 
此外，本实用新型还具有造价较低，维护简单，波能转换率高等优点。 
本实用新型可安装在海岸线附近，向沿海城市供电，经过升压后也可向内陆城市供电。 
本实用新型还可安装在远离大陆的岛屿附近，向缺乏能源又难以铺设供电电缆的海岛供电。 
附图说明
图1为水压式波浪能转换器的主视图 
图2为水压式波浪能转换器主视图的A向视图 
图3为水压缸8的正向剖视图 
图4为排水阀室18的正向剖视图 
图5为排水阀室18的正向剖视图的B向视图 
图6为进水阀室21的正向剖视图 
图7为进水阀室21的正向剖视图的C向视图 
图8为摇荡波作功的示意图 
图9为重力作功的示意图 
在所述附图中，1—上浮体，2—下浮体，3—第一缆绳，4—第二缆绳，5—挂杆，6—球铰接挂钩，7—海底锚桩，8—水压缸，9，10—喇叭形接头，11—缸盖，12—排水口，13—进水口，14—缸盖，15—轴瓦，16—排水口，17—进水口，18—排水阀室，19，20—排水管，21—进水阀室，22—进水管，23—排水阀，24—压 簧，25—进水阀，26—压簧，27—活塞头，28—活塞杆，29—活塞杆座，30，31—第一耳环，32，33—第二耳环。 
具体实施方式
一台水压式波浪能转换器，上浮体高3M，厚4M，宽12M，为空心钢筋混凝土构筑物，两侧边各垂直安装有三只圆柱形的水压缸，水压缸高度也为3M，内径300mm，由厚5mm的无缝钢管制成，其内壁贴装有厚1mm的钛金属缸套，上浮体连同水压缸总重为72T，比重0.5。6个水压缸均通过直径为40mm的活塞杆与下浮体连接，下浮体由厚4mm的钢板制成，直径为3.2M，长12M，其上部有6个位置与活塞杆对应的活塞杆座，其两边各有两只用于固定缆绳的耳环。下浮体总重约10T，能够提供86.5T的浮力。 
在船坞内将预制好的上浮体和下浮体组装在一起，在下浮体内注入海水，使其比重增加到略大于1，然后用拖轮将上浮体和下浮体的组合体拖运至预空海域，用由芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的铠装缆绳将下浮体与已埋设好的海底锚桩连接，然后将下浮体内的海水抽出，使下浮体恢复浮力，并调整缆绳的长度，使活塞处于水压缸缸体的上端，即上盖附近，使作功距离最长，并使缆绳在挂杆两边的长度相等，以保证上浮体和下浮体均在水平位置，此时上浮体半浮于海面，其下方附近水平锚定着下浮体，该水压式波浪能转换器即安装完毕。该转换器适用的最大有效浪高为3M，相当于实际浪高4.2M，在有效波高1.5M，波浪周期为6S时，输出的高压水最大压强为1.7MP a，平均输出功率为800KW。 

Claims (3)

1.一种水压式波浪能转换器，由上浮体(1)，下浮体(2)，第一缆绳(3)，第二缆绳(4)，挂杆(5)，球铰接挂钩(6)和海底锚桩(7)组成，其特征是，上浮体(1)为矩形的空心混凝土构筑物，其较宽的两侧各垂直地、等距离地固定有两个或两个以上水压缸(8)，水压缸(8)的上端固定有喇叭形接头(9)，下端固定有喇叭形接头(10)，喇叭形接头(9)的大端有缸盖(11)，缸盖(11)的中央有排水口(12)，两边有进水口(13)，喇叭形接头(10)的大端有缸盖(14)，缸盖(14)中心的圆孔安装有轴瓦(15)，周边有排水口(16)和进水口(17)，排水口(12)，(16)分别与排水阀室(18)，排水管(19)，(20)连接，进水口(13)，(17)分别与进水阀室(21)，进水管(22)连接，排水阀室(18)内有排水阀(23)和压簧(24)，进水阀室(21)内有进水阀(25)和压簧(26)，水压缸(8)内有与缸壁滑动配合的活塞头(27)和与之连接的活塞杆(28)，上浮体(1)连同水压缸(8)的比重为0.5，下浮体(2)为密封的圆柱形壳体，下浮体(2)的上部有数量和位置均与活塞杆(28)对应的活塞杆座(29)，下浮体(2)的一侧有第一耳环(30)，(31)，另一侧有第二耳环(32)，(33)，第一缆绳(3)经挂杆(5)与第一耳环(30)，(31)固定连接，第二缆绳(4)经挂杆(5)与第二耳环(32)，(33)固定连接，挂杆(5)经球铰接挂钩(6)与海底锚桩(7)连接。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的水压式波浪能转换器，其特征还在于， 水压缸(8)可由无缝钢管制成，缸内壁衬以由耐海水腐蚀的钛金属板制成的缸套。 
3.根据权利要求1所述的水压式波浪能转换器，其特征还在于，第一缆绳(3)，第二缆绳(4)可以由高强度钢丝制成，也可以由强度更高且耐腐蚀的炭纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维制成，炭纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维缆绳外面包覆有铠装保护层。 
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